专题 15 中国文化读写专项：京剧脸谱 中国魔术- 2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练 素材积累 .docx

1、Chapter VI Chinese Art中国艺术Lesson 1 Peking Opera and its Facial Design京剧和脸谱Originally a form of local theatre, Peking Opera spread all over the country and then became the national opera of China. About 200 years ago, the Qing Emperor Qianlong toured in southern China and developed an interest in the

2、 local operas. On his 80th birthday, he let local opera troupes come to Beijing to perform for him. Some remained in Beijing after the celebration. The ones from Anhui and Hubei were combined with the palace opera - Kunqu Opera, which formed the Peking Opera. Peking Opera combines stylized acting wi

3、th singing, dancing, musical dialogues, martial arts, colorful facial make-up and fantastic costumes.Male roles are “Sheng”, and clowns are “Chou”. Each role, according to their sex, age and disposition, is characterized by different designs of facial make-up, say, Jing representing a rough, frank c

4、haracter and Hua Face representing a cruel or dangerous character. So the audience can easily tell what kind of character an actor is performing. Facial make-up, costumes and head - dresses are wonderful works of traditional art.In the past, both Dan and Sheng roles were played by male actors, but n

5、ow they also can be played by female. It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as seeing an opera while in Italy. There are also some other types of opera staged in China, such as Kunqu Opera, Pingju Opera and Hebei Bangzi as well as other operas from different places.Chinese

6、 opera performers mainly have two methods of makeup: masks and facial painting. The frequent on-stage change of masks, without the audience noticing, is a special technique, known as changing faces. Opera facial painting falls into four main categories - personality makeup (facial designs, painted f

7、aces or Lian Pu), decorative makeup (decorated faces), mood makeup (changing facial designs), and pictographic makeup (animal-like facial designs).Lian PuPersonality makeup, or Lian Pu, refers to facial designs for Jing and Chou roles. It originated from daily life experience, describing such change

8、s of expression as white for fear, red for shyness, dark for suntan, and sallow for illness. Most facial designs attach great importance to the eyes and eyebrows. Lian Pu has formed a complete system, such as the facial designs of Peking Opera. Red, yellow, white, black, purple, green and silver are

9、 the main colors used for facial designs to represent different characters. For instance, red stands for loyal, courageous and upright people; white for sinister and cunning officials; and golden and silvery colors for gods and ghosts.The facial designs for the Jing roles are made by painting, powde

10、ring and coloring in the basic forms of Zheng Lian (keeping the basic face pattern整脸), San Kuai Wa Lian (three-section face三块瓦脸) and Sui Lian (fragmentary face碎脸). These types are widely used to represent generals, officials, heroes, gods and ghosts. The Chou actors can be recognized by the patch of

11、 white in various shapes (cube-, date pit-or bat-shaped) painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, hence the term Xiao Hua Lian (partly painted face). The Chou roles fall into the following two categories: Wen Chou (civil) and Wu Chou (martial).（551words）Helper

12、:troupe tru:p 剧团，戏班子 costume kstju:m 戏装，演出服 clown klaun 丑角，小丑 disposition dspzn 性情，性格 pictographic pktgrfk 象形文字的 suntan sntn 晒黑 sallow sl （尤指面色）蜡黄色的 attach great importance to重视 eyebrow abraz 眉毛 cunning kni 狡猾的，奸诈的 ghost ust 鬼，幽灵 powder paud涂粉 Chinese Brief Introduction: 京剧本来是一种地方性的戏剧表演形式，由于它传遍中国大江南

13、北，深受群众欢迎与喜爱，所以就慢慢演变成了代表中国艺术特色的全国性戏剧。京剧表演融合了唱、念、作、打等多种艺术表现形式，辅以五彩缤纷的服装道具以及化妆。在京剧中，女性的角色被称做“旦”，男性的角色被称做“生”，小丑被称做“丑”。每个角色都会依照他们的性别、年龄及个性，在脸上画不同的脸谱，脸谱对于不同的行当，情况不一。“生”、“旦”面部化妆简单，略施脂粉，叫“俊扮”、“素面”、“洁面”。而“净行”与“丑行”面部绘画比较复杂，特别是“净”，都是重施油彩的，图案复杂，因此称“花脸”。戏曲中的脸谱，主要指“净”的面部绘画。而“丑”，因起扮演戏剧角色，故在鼻梁上抹一小块白粉，俗称“小花脸”。这样，观众可

14、以很容易地分清这些演员所扮员的角色是什么样的性格。脸谱来源于生活，生活上常常形容人的脸色的变化，比如说：吓得煞白，臊得通红，晒得漆黑，生病的人形容脸色蜡黄等等。脸谱就是把这种夸张的说法，再用夸张的手法画在脸上。化妆、服饰、行头这些都是令人称奇的艺术品。在过去，京剧中的角色只能由男性扮演，而现在，无论是男人还是女人，都可以登台演出了。Exercise:I. Questions:1. How did Peking Opera come into being?2. What does the acting of Peking Opera include?3. Why was there no act

15、ress to play Sheng roles in the past?4. Which four main categories can Opera facial painting be divided into?5. How can the audience tell what kind of character an actor is performing?6. How can you recognize a Chuo role?II. Match the following pictures with their names: A. Chou B. Dan C. Mo D. Shen

16、g E. Jing (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) III. Written work1. 对于在中小学增加京剧为必修内容，大家反应不一，学校英语杂志社组织了一次征文活动。假设你是五班的一名学生，下面是同学们在讨论中的两种不同看法。请你用英语写一篇应征稿刊：将同学们的意见反映出来，并表达自己的看法。赞成反对1.历史悠久，传统文化含量高，有助于弘扬中国文化。2.是多种艺术的综合，表现形式高雅，有助于发展审美能力。1.学生应有一些自主选择学习内容的自由，强制实行会损坏；他们的学习兴趣。2.中国传统戏剧品种多样，各地地方传统戏同样可用来传递传统文化。你的看法(至少两条)注意： 1.字数：15

17、0左右。文章的开头已给出，不记入总词数。 2.参考词汇：的综合：a synthesis of；审美能力：aesthetic abilityDear editor,Recently, Ministry of Education has announced to add Peking Opera as a compulsory course in primary and secondary schools. My classmates held a discussion on it the other day.According to the discussion, there are two d

18、ifferent opinions. _Yours sincerely, A student from Class 52. （2012年天津卷）假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧梁山伯与祝英台。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。提出邀请并简述原因；提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；请求对方回复。注意：1.请使用规范英语，词数不少于100；2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词 ：越剧

19、Shaoxing Opera ；梁山伯与祝英台Butterfly Lovers ；天津大剧院Tianjin Grand TheaterDear Chris,I have good news to tell you._ Yours, Li JinLesson 2 Magical World魔术世界Magic goes against the rules of nature and physics. During the 2009 CCTV Spring Festival gala, magician Liu Qian managed to drop a coin into a glass pla

20、ced upside down and transformed a finger ring into an unbroken egg, under the close and watchful eyes of the studio audience, leaving tens of thousands of viewers puzzled by his showmanship.The mind-blowing performance has set off an enthusiasm of magic all over the country. However, people seldom k

21、now that more than 3600 years ago, the history of magic in China was already underway.In China, magic goes back many years and has developed from superstitious wizardry into a technologically inspired, sophisticated art form.Ancient Chinese magic made its appearance as early as 1600 BC, and was clos

22、ely associated with divination and wizardry, according to Biographies of Exemplary Women (Lie Nu Zhuan) by Liu Xiang, the well-known historian of the Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD220).In 108 BC, Liu Che, emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, gathered more than a hundred acrobats and magicians in the imperia

23、l palace and hosted the biggest magic show in history. Zhang Hengs Western Metropolis Rhapsody (Xi Jing Fu西京赋) records that Duke Huang of the Eastern Sea (Donghai Huanggong), a showman and magician, did knife-swallowing and fire-spitting shows at this gathering.Magic continued to thrive in the Tang

24、Dynasty (AD 618-907) and began to branch off into separate fields in the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Some traditional Chinese tricks such as Immortal Plants Bean and Ancient Color Trick marked the start of international recognition for Chinese magic. In the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), there were man

25、y cultural exchanges between China and the West. The first generation of modern Chinese magicians like Ching Ling Foo (Zhu Liankui), Han Pingchien and Mu Wenqing went abroad to perform and also learned to incorporate foreign stunts into traditional tricks. The later generation of magic practitioners

26、, headed by Zhang Huichong, furthered the hybrid form of magic acts by infusing traditional Chinese magic into Western-style illusion acts.After Chinas reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, magicians from abroad began visiting China more frequently. In 1980, Marc Wilson from the United States bec

27、ame the first magician to perform on the Chinese mainland since the founding of New China in 1949. In 2002, David Copperfield caused a stir with his performances of walking through the Great Wall.And now, Liu Qian has created a hit with his remarkable close-up performances and exposed Chinese audien

28、ces to a new, refreshing and delightful art form. (416 words)Helper：showmanship mnp 表演技巧 mind-blowing引起幻觉的 underway正在进行中的 superstitious supsts 迷信的 wizardry wzdri 魔术,巫术 sophisticated sfstketd 复杂的，久经世故的 divination dvnen 占卜，预测 acrobatkrbt 杂技演员 immortal mtl 不朽的 incorporate nkpret合并的 stuntstnt 特技Introduc

29、tion：中国是魔术的发源地之一。魔术也是我国对外文化交流活动中开展得最早的领域之一,东汉张衡的西京赋记载了来自西域的魔术师“吞刀吐火”等魔术节目。清代中叶以后，中国艺人一部分飘零海外，欧美和日本的魔术团体也不断来华演出，促进了中外魔术的交流，中国魔术师们在保持自己魔术的传统习惯的基础上，吸收了大量的外国魔术的表演形式、内容、技巧，逐渐形成了中国魔术舞台上今天这样五花八门的节目。刘谦在 2010年春晚上的魔术表演更是震撼了全国观众，掀起全国的魔术热潮。Exercises：I. Questions:1. How long is it since magic in China appeared?2

30、. When did magicians from abroad begin visiting China more often?3. Who was it that wrote a book recording knife-swallowing and fire-spitting shows?II. Written work简介著名魔术师，1976年出生于台湾。7岁时开始对魔术感兴趣，12岁荣获“全台湾儿童魔术大赛冠军”。2010年春晚表演使他成为中国内地最热魔术师。成就表演深受世人欢迎，曾到美国、日本、韩国、英国等演出。爱好他善于和观众互动、创造性地进行思考；认为使魔术成功的原因是思想而非

31、操作能力。刘谦在2018湖南卫视春晚魔术魔壶继 2010中央电视台年春晚上的手穿玻璃取硬币，又一次震撼了电视观众，使他再次成为中国内地最热的魔术师。请你根据下表提示，用英语对刘谦做一简单介绍，写一篇120-150词的英语作文。Suggested Answers to Chapter VI 1. Peking Opera and its Facial Design II. Match the following pictures with their names: (1) D (2) B (3) E (4) C (5) AIII. Written work1.Recently, Ministry

32、 of Education has announced to add Peking Opera as a compulsory course in primary and secondary schools. Different people have different opinions on it. My classmates held a discussion on it the other day.According to the discussion, there are two different opinions. Some students support the projec

33、t wholeheartedly. They think Peking Opera can help promote Chinese culture because it has a long history and is rich in traditional culture. Besides, Peking Opera is a synthesis of different arts and has an elegant form of expression, which can help develop students aesthetic ability.Others hold a d

34、ifferent opinion. They think students should have some freedom to choose what to learn. If they are forced to learn, their learning interest can be damaged. They also argue that there are many local operas all over China. Different local operas can be taught in different areas to pass down Chinese t

35、raditional culture.I share the view of the second group. Besides their reasons, I also worry whether there are enough qualified teachers for the task. In addition, we have so many traditional arts in history that its impossible to learn them all in classroom.2. Dear Chris,I have good news to tell yo

36、u. A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theater, which was just completed, at 2:00 p.m. on August 5th. It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it.As we all know, Butterfly Lovers is a traditio

37、nal drama, telling about two young persons moving love story. After watching it, shall we visit some places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lots of rich art will appeal to you enormously?I would be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua2. Magical WorldII. Wr

38、itten workBorn in 1976 in Taiwan,Liu Qian is one of the greatest young magicians in the world. He became interested in magic when he was seven years old. At the age of 12, he won Taiwans Children Magic Contest.As a young magician from Taiwan, heis popular wide for his magic shows. Countries he has p

39、erformed in include theUnited States, Japan, South Korea, the UK and so on. He is known for his interaction with his audiences. He thinks it is actually thinking rather than ones controlling skills that makes magical shows successful. Whats more, he suggests the magician think carefully about how to design the shows creatively to make them appear more interesting.At the 2010 CCTVsSpring Festivals Gala, Liu Qian performed an amazing magic trick, which makes him the hottest magician in the mainland.