专题 19 阅读理解之议论文-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（原卷版）.docx

1、专题 19 阅读理解（议论文） 刷大题、提能力1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” i

2、n how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis. We shouldnt overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declini

3、ng attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way

4、 we read. First, it means theres more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lack

5、ing in profound reflection. Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing

6、oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps hes done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water. The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume

7、 technological change cant be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasnt killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-cho

8、sen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.1What is the authors attitude towards Selvins opinion?AFavorable.BCritical.CDoubtful.DObjective.2Which statement would the author probably agree with?AAdvocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.BDigital writing and r

9、eading tends to ignore careful reflection.CWe should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.DThe number of Internet readers declines due to technology.3Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?ATo demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.BTo stress swimming differs from reading.CTo s

10、how slow reading is better than fast reading.DTo illustrate what slow reading is like.4Which would be the best title for the passage?ASlow Reading is Here to StayBTechnology Prevents Slow ReadingCReflections on Deep ReadingDThe Wonder of Deep Reading2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题）Its unlikely that you come

11、home from a trip and stand on top of your bed still wearing your street shoes. For some travellers, putting their suitcase on their bed is just as disgusting (令人反感的). The wheels of our luggage paced the same soiled path as our shoes, rolling through airport bathrooms, sidewalks and public transporta

12、tion.While it might sound terrible to put a worldly bag on your bed, is it actually harmful to your health? According to Phyllis Kozarsky, an expert travel health consultant, most public health professionals dont consider luggage a major transmitter (传播者) of disease.“We have not identified outbreaks

13、 related to dirty luggage,” Kozarsky says. Travellers may benefit from cleaning their luggage if they suspect that their hotel rooms are overrun with bedbugs. “Then they certainly would benefit by cleaning it after they returned home,” Kozarsky says.Even if your luggage touching your bed wont hurt y

14、ou, you might still be disgusted. After all, travel is an experience full of bacteria. “You have people. carrying all types of different bacteria. Some of them are sick, and you now have them populating these public travel places,” says Colleen Costello, CEO of Vital Vio, a company that makes antiba

15、cterial LED lights. Your fellow travellers have to touch all the same things you have to touch, from the TSA checkpoint to the airplane, the train ticketing machine to the handrail in your train car.For peace of mind, Costello recommends giving your bag a quick disinfection or storing it on a luggag

16、e shelf. Of course, you could go beyond disinfecting your luggage wheels and clean thoroughly the rest of your travel experience the airplane tray table, hotel room door and remote control.But Kozarsky doesnt guarantee that lifestyle. “Its hard to keep up with every doorhandle, every railing,” Kozar

17、sky says. “You can become a little neurotic (神经质的) that way.”5Whats the function of the first paragraph?ATo predict the conclusion.BTo present the argument.CTo introduce the topic.DTo describe the phenomenon.6What does Kozarsky convey by explaining the luggage-cleaning case?ALuggage touching your be

18、d wont hurt you.BLuggage spreads disease through your bed.CIts a must to clean your luggage after travelling.DTravellers should be careful of on-way dangers.7How does Costello support his opinion?ABy giving examples.BBy stating facts.CBy making comparisons.DBy listing figures.8What does Kozarsky thi

19、nk of Costellos suggestion?AIt has gone too far.BIts absolutely worthless.CIt sounds somewhat reasonable.DIts worth taking into consideration.3.（安徽省池州市贵池区池州市第一中学2023年高三试题）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face

20、 is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often whit

21、e men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or belief they were unackno

22、wledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid acti

23、vities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to

24、see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good

25、 fortune, who are able to change the world.”9Whats the authors attitude towards victors standards for joining the genius club?APositive.BObjective.CSkeptical.DUnclear.10What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?AThey think themselves smart.BThey look up to great thinkers.CThey see gend

26、er differences earlier than boys.DThey are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.11Why are more geniuses known to the public?ABecause of improved global communication.BBecause of less discrimination against women.CBecause of acceptance of victors concepts.DBecause of changes in peoples social po

27、sitions.12What is the best title for the text?AGeniuses Think AlikeBGenius and the Future WorldCGenius and IntelligenceDGenius May Belong to Different Categories4.（2023年河南省南阳高三模拟卷）Marilu Arce loves her job, but for a time she considered leaving. The traffic-plagued commute from her home to her offic

28、e, nearly two hours each way, meant her daughters couldnt enroll in after school activities because she couldnt get home in time to take them. Then her employer adopted a policy permitting her to work from home two days a week, and “I feel like it changed my life,” she said. Her stress level has dro

29、pped. Her daughters are thrilled. She likes her job more. Thats the type of reaction Arces boss likes to hear as the company measures the success of the work-from-home policy which was instituted three years ago in hopes of improving employee retention. So far, it seems to be working: turnover was l

30、ess than five percent last yearits lowest ever. Flexible work policies top employee wish lists when they look for a job, and employers increasingly have been offering them. Studies have shown working remotely increases employee engagement, but in moderation because there is still value in the relati

31、onships nurtured when colleagues are face to face. The key, advocates of flexible work policies say, is to match the environment with the type of work that needs to be done. The flexibility hasnt hurt productivity, which is up 50 percent. There is “something lost” when colleagues dont gather at the

32、water cooler, but its outweighed by the retention and happiness gains, he said. As jobs that require physical work decline, thanks to technological advances, life superficially appears to get better. Consumers benefit in the form of cheaper prices. Labor-saving appliances all make things easier and

33、suggest that even more and better benefits are on the horizon. But is something lost? Talk long enough to the most accomplished academics, they will brag about a long-ago college summer job waiting tables or repairing hiking trails. They might praise the installer who redid their kitchen. There seem

34、s to be a human instinct to want to do physical work. The proliferation of hard-work reality-television programming reflects this apparent need. Indeed, the more we have become immobile and urbanized, the more we tune in to watch reality televisions truckers, loggers, farmers, drillers and rail engi

35、neers. In a society that supposedly despises menial jobs, the television ratings for such programmes suggest that lots of Americans enjoy watching people of action, who work with their hands. Physical work, in its eleventh hour within a rapidly changing Western culture, still intrigues us in part be

36、cause it remains the foundation for 21st century complexity. Before any of us can teach, write or speculate, we must first have food, shelter and safety. And for a bit longer, that will require some people to cut grapes and nail two-by-sixes. No apps or 3D printers exist to produce brown rice. Physi

37、cal labour also promotes human versatility: Those who do not do it, or who do not know how to do it, become divorced fromand, at the same time, dependent onlabourers. Lawyers, accountants and journalists living in houses with yards and driving cars to work thus count on a supporting infrastructure o

38、f electricians, landscapers and mechanics. In that context, physical labour can provide independence, at least in a limited sense of not being entirely reliant on a host of hired workers.13The author mentions the example of Arce to show that_.Ashe dislikes the present job for the long commuting time

39、Bshe is having trouble balancing work and school lifeCpeople usually dont work hard outside officeDemployers are facing the problem of staff drain14The practice of flexible working time is based on the belief that_.Ait helps to increase job satisfaction for the employeesBit improves harmonious relat

40、ionship among colleaguesCthe decline in physical work gives employees more mobilityDemployees are entitled to request it according to their work15What is the possible reason for the popularity of hard-work reality-television programmes?AThey entertain those employees burned out with overwork.BPeople

41、 can learn some basic labour skills from these programmes.CTheres an ongoing need for physical labour skills that technology doesnt possess.DThey offer instructive information for both employers and employees.16Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AThe Emergence of Alternativ

42、e Work ArrangementsBThe Rise of Automation, the Decline in Need for LabourCTime to Rethink in the Face of the Evolution of WorkDNew Challenges for Todays Employers and Academics5.（重庆市四区2023年高三模拟试题）Any image taken from space confirms that we live on an ocean planet. How strange that we call our plane

43、t “Earth,” derived from a Germanic word meaning “the ground,” when more than 70 percent of its surface is covered by ocean.We need more people to see the sea. Right now, less than 3 percent of the ocean is considered highly protected. Experts urge that at least 30 percent be protected to safeguard m

44、arine(海洋的) ecosystems, which in turn will help protect our health and well-being. The ocean supplies more than half our oxygen, absorbs carbon dioxide, regulates our climate, and supports much of the worlds economy. We need it a lot more than it needs us.Take Florida, for example, one of the United

45、States recreational hot spots. Its bordered by the Florida Reef Tract, North Americas only living coral barrier reef and the third largest in the world. Home to more than 500 species of fish, the reef is also essential to the Sunshine States economy, generating an estimated $1.1 billion annually in

46、tourism. The reef buffers(保护) the coastline, too, since health y coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a waves energy. Three-quarters of Floridas 22 million people live along the coast, and the Florida Reef Tract provides more than $650 million in combined economic activity and flood protection.A Novembe

47、r 2022 study from the University of Miami has found that 70 percent of Floridas coral reefs are experiencing a net loss of reef habitat. Directly facing these concerns is what I mean by seeing the seathe good, the bad, the important. Knowledge is power, and we can use it to inform our choices, from

48、traveling more mindfully, to examining how we run our businesses, to voting. “No one can do everything, but everyone can do something,” Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer at Large, is fond of saying.The ocean is a remarkable teacher, and its never too late to start learning

49、.17What does the sea do for our human?AThe sea changes our climate.BThe sea controls carbon dioxide for us.CThe sea produces all the oxygen we need.DThe sea provides economical benefits for us.18What does the writer suggest?ATravelling more, learning more.BRunning our business creatively.CRaising aw

50、areness of conservation.DDoing some voting before actions.19Where is the passage probably from?AA scientific fiction.BA news report.CA travel journal.DA natural magazine.20What is a suitable title for the text?ATo Hug the Ocean Tightly.BTo Learn the Ocean Devotedly.CTo Clean the Ocean Carefully.DTo

51、Love the Ocean Permanently.6.（2023年四川省高三高考专家联测卷试题）The cloning technology has aroused heated discussions among people. Some of them speak highly of the technology by claiming that it offers a way for human beings to conquer their own genetic defects. Others consider it an ogre (食人恶魔) who will destroy

52、 us all in the end.FOR Cloning is important for women who are single to have a child, using cloning instead of artificial insemination (授精). Cloning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child died. Another goal of cloning is to produce livestock (家畜) with ideal characters for agri

53、culture and industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Cloning could be used in various ways to benefit the lives of humans. It may provide a way for completely sterile individuals to reproduce! It may provide a way for homosexual couples to reproduce the

54、mselves, and it will probably provide a valuable basic research and possibly spin off technologies related to reproduction and development. Cloning would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect organs for transplant. This surely would be immensely beneficial to mill

55、ions of unfortunate people who are expected to lose their lives due to failure of a single organ or more organs.AGAINST Cloning would intervene in the normal cycle of life. There would be a large number of identical (相同的) genes, which minimizes (使减少到最低限度) the chances of mutation (变异), and, in turn,

56、evolutionthe fundamental reason why living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. With genetic engineering and human cloning it is possible to use these in the arsenal (兵工厂) of ethnic cleansing (清洗) creating inequality in our society, which would be the beginning of many wars. Anot

57、her argument against cloning is that it would be available only to the wealthy and therefore would increase social inequality. If the technology were to be so, scientists could transfer human genes into animals and vice versa, which would heighten the danger of developing zoonoses, diseases that are

58、 transmitted from animals to humans. It could create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop. Genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness. Cloning dead loved ones will not bring them back; they may look like them, but they will have a d

59、ifferent personality.21If a single lady wants a baby but she does not accept artificial insemination, she might _.Athink about cloning technology to copy oneBbe against having a child from cloning technologyCproduce livestock with ideal charactersDspeak little of the cloning technology22The purpose

60、of the writer writing the passage is to _.Aencourage us to support the ideas of FORBadvise us to accept the ideas of AGAINSTCtell us to understand the ideas of FOR and AGAINST correctlyDintroduce us to remember the ideas of FOR and AGAINST23Whats the authors attitude towards cloning?AFavorable.BObje

61、ctive.CCritical.DDoubtful.24What would be the best title for the passage?AHow many advantages are there?BHow many disadvantages are there?CWhich side is wrong?DWhich side are you with?7.（2023年广东省汕头市金山中学高考三模英语试题）Weve all been there. It has been a long day, there is nothing in the fridge, cooking seem

62、s arduous and the solution is obvious: takeaway. Its easy for takeaways to become a regular habit. At some point, you have to wonder: even if you dont look different in the mirror, is it doing you any harm?There is some evidence that too many takeaways is linked to weight gain, but the relationship

63、isnt clear. A 2022 study found a connection between eating takeaway-style food in the 24 hours before taking the survey and increased BMI in participants, although the researchers were careful to point out that they didnt know whether frequently eating takeaways made people overweight, or whether ov

64、erweight people frequently eat takeaways. There is, however, evidence that simply living near(or walking past)a takeaway outlet or two can have an impact on body weight, with exposure to outlets near the workplace, most likely to tempt people. But why? Well, takeaway food tends to be high in fat and

65、 salt - ingredients that are relatively cheap and taste good, making you more likely to reorder. There is also some evidence that junk food can be addictive, as the combination of salt, fat and sugar makes it hard to stop eating. There is also the nutritional quality of the ingredients themselves. “

66、Most takeaways contain highly processed ingredients and additives, nutrient-poor carbohydrates and plenty of deep-fried foods cooked in oil repeatedly heated to high temperatures, says Pearson. So, what is the message? If you must place that order, consider the options:The worst offenders on any men

67、u are likely to be fried foods, or anything covered in high-sugar sauces. If you order Chinese food, go for steamed dumplings, grilled fish or soup. If you are going for Indian food, go heavy on the side dishes, like bean and potato curries, which are often more flavourful and healthy.Finally, try t

68、o cut your consumption: consider switching your daily routes, hide the menus, and delete the apps on your phone.25What does the underlined word arduous in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AAttractiveBTroublesomeCConfusingDDull26What are researchers still unclear about?AThe cause and effect relationship of

69、takeaways and being overweightBWhether there is any connection between takeaways and being overweightCWhich ingredients in takeaway food are the most addictiveDWhether takeaways near the workplace are more likely to attract people27Which takeaway choice would the writer consider least harmful?AHambu

70、rgers and friesBIndian main coursesCFried noodlesDSteamed dumplings28Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ATakeaways make you fatBAre takeaways harmful?CHow to choose the best takeawayDHow to avoid takeaways8.（2023年辽宁省锦州市渤海大学附属中学高三试题）Whats more important in determining life succe

71、ss-book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI).Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to

72、academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general.But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of

73、 influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, sugg

74、esting that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employees emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.Now that emotional intelligen

75、ce is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive be

76、haviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(感同身受的)towards others.All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and

77、 happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills.29Wh

78、at can we know about people with book smarts?AThey can debate with other people.BThey can deal with various situations.CThey can be outstanding in academic research.DThey can be good at gaining real life experience.30Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3?ATo indicate the strictness of

79、the hiring process.BTo prove the importance of emotional intelligence.CTo explain the result of emotional intelligence tests.DTo show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success.31What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence?AEvaluating how others feel.BOnes extreme behavioursCOnes a

80、cademic performance.DControlling others emotions.32Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?ADoes book smarts matter?BIs CI or El more important?CWhat counts most in life?DMental health or physical health?9.（2023年天津市南开中学高三阶段性试卷）No business would welcome being compared to gambling. Yet

81、 that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” in which games are played uncontrollably, de

82、spite causing harm gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).Are games really addictive? Psychologists have different opinions. Those who dont think so say that this is just another moral panic. Similar warnings have been given about television, rocknroll, jazz, comic books, novels

83、 and even crossword puzzles, but it turns out that they are not as harmful as expected.However, supporters argue that game developers have the motivation and the means to design their products to make them extremely attractive. For one thing, the business- model has changed: In the old days, games w

84、ere bought once and for all. But these days, games are free and money is earned from purchases of in-game goods, which ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). For another, game-makers combine psychological theory and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphones and modern video game mac

85、hines use their permanent Internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. In this way products are constantly adjusted to encourage players spending. The biggest spenders are known as “whales”, a term that originated in casinos (赌场).The gaming industry should realize that, in the real

86、 world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO recognition, diagnoses will become more common. Anyway, being put together with gambling in the public mind, fairly or not, will not do the industry any good.33What do we know from Paragraph 1

87、?AIt is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.BParents complain about their childrens addiction to gambling.CGaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.DMore doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.34What does the underlined words “moral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?A

88、Unexpected addiction caused by science and technology.BWrong judgment on how harmful something is.CTrouble caused by someones immoral behavior.DAn astonishing claim of the unexpected panic.35What do games developers do to make games attractive?AThey dont charge players for in-game goods.BThey keep p

89、layers video game machines updated.CThey reward big spenders with a unique title.DThey adjust products based on received data.36In the last paragraph, the author aims to _.Aoffer a suggestionBmake a predictionCgive a warningDput forward a solution37What is the best title for the text?AAddiction: A W

90、arning to the Gaming IndustryBAddiction: Not a Blame on GamesCGames: A New Kind of GamblingDGames: The Cause of Mental Disorder10.（2023年哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三试题）Even though people have been disabled playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports li

91、ke downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zones, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip-up could be your downfall. Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for

92、 years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly red

93、uces it. Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athletes way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8, 000 meters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how w

94、ild traffic can get. Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice fac

95、e without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme par

96、t depends on the athlete. To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier ris

97、k choices.38What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports?AExtreme sports differ from one another.BSkill matters a lot in maintaining safety.CAthletes luck is a key factor that influences safety.DExtreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.39Why are several extreme sport

98、s listed in Paragraph 4?ATo explain danger depends on the athlete.BTo show free soloing is the most dangerous.CTo compare which one involves the most skill.DTo demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport.40What is the authors attitude towards the danger of extreme sports?AObjective.BDoubtful.CIntoler

99、ant.DUnconcerned.41Which of the following is the best title of the text?ADo Extreme Sports Test Your Courage?BWhy Should Extreme Sports Be Banned?CAre Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous?DWhy Do We Take to Extreme Sports So Much?11.（2023年北京市第四中学高三保温测试试卷）The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in

100、 May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunters market. The concept sounds simple American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isnt complete. Employers are unable to find the

101、 workers they want at the wages theyre willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road. The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there arent enough workers, employers pay more to get them and

102、wages go up. Yet quickening wage growth isnt the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at whats been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the p

103、andemic, were starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, theyre able to attract

104、the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID levels; they are not too high. To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage

105、 of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engi

106、neers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in Massachusetts. The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be counter

107、productive.42What does Mays rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us?AThe leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.BRapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.CThe economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.DEmployees are eager to work after the

108、COVID-19.43Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5?ATo explain an opinion.BTo clarify a concept.CTo present a fact.DTo make a prediction.44Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?AJob market is expected to be strongerBTake wisdom to assess labor shortag

109、esCCompetitors are eager to keep talentDLet the market fix labor shortages12.（2023年天津市耀华中学高三年级第二次模拟考试英语试题）Machines work well at a constant speedand the faster the better. They are designed and built for it. Whether they are spinning cotton or dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actions are wha

110、t they excel at.Increasingly, our world is being designed by machines, for machines. We adapt to machines and hold ourselves to their standards: People are judged by the speed with which they respond, not the quality of their response. Such ideas are being woven into our culture. “Always on” becomes

111、 something to boast of, or aspire to.Most of us are busy most of the time, if not with work then with family, domestic tasks or our social networksreal and virtual. When I ask people how they are doing, they almost always answer “busy”. Ticking things off the “to do” list becomes a means of defining

112、 ourselves.A few years ago, I became very interested in what it means to pause. I started to notice where pauses show up in my own work and life. For example, I realized that when I was writing, a short walk was a more effective way to break a creative block than concentrating harder.I realized that

113、 a pause is not nothing. It acts as a kind of switch or opening. As Helene Simonsen, a classical musician, says, “Whatever you are doing, if you want something else to happen, you need to pause.” It is not a fixed unit of time. It might be taking a moment before you enter a room, but it could also b

114、e a “screen-free Saturday”, a “Think Week” every two years (which works for Bill Gates) or a year-long vacation. However fast you are moving, there is always the chance to pauseto rest, reflect or refresh of course, but also to appreciate, get perspective, connect to others, or have new ideas.There

115、is more to life than getting things done. Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-cream is not the same as a minute doing push-ups. Even time itself isnt a uniform raw materialas the physics of Einstein shows. Try to let go of the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and obj

116、ective, and think of it in the same way we experience it. Instead of setting work and life against each other, use pauses to leaven (为增色) your experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): you dont need much, but it is a vital ingredient.I want to give pauses more visibility, importance and status. My hope

117、is that each of us can use pauses, great and small, to avoid sliding into a mode where we act like poorly performing machines.45What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?AThe widespread use of machines has destroyed our life.BPeople have become quite obsessed with response speed.CPeople always

118、 get pleasure from competing with machines.DIts difficult for people to adapt to a highly mechanized life.46The underlined phrase “Ticking things off the to do list” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.Alearning to slow downBconcentrating on one thingCselecting what we should doDgetting things

119、 done one by one47According to the author, how does taking a pause benefit us in a busy life?AIt makes your life dynamic and delightful.BIt improves our working efficiency greatly.CIt helps develop interpersonal connections.DIt enables people to do what they want to do.48Which of the following state

120、ments best sums up the authors understanding of time?ATime can never get returned.BTime exists in the form of lines.CTime is precious that we all need to cherish.DTime is what everyone experiences uniquely.49What message does the author want to convey about “pauses” at the end of the passage?AThey a

121、re useless if taken for short periods of time.BThey are for those who have too much spare time.CThey play a vital role in our well-being and creativity.DThey bring harm to our ability to perform efficiently.13.（2023届山东省烟台市高三二模英语试题）“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”, English rock star Davi

122、d Bowie once confidently sang in his hit single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I disagree with the statement and argue its better to eat out than to order home delivery.To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, were imm

123、ediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelingsthe eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music

124、. To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply cant be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus better choice.Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful.

125、 Whether it is because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones, going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.We could take it as an opportunity for self-careto treat ourselves by dressing up, a

126、rriving in style at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food delivery app users reason its a trouble and less c

127、onvenient to dress up and eat out.However, its worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery. Theres a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that cant be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenien

128、ce might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.50What does the author mainly talk about?ADining options.BCuisine culture.CConsumption level.DFood categories.51What advantage of eating out is highlighted

129、 in paragraph 2?AQuality service.BComfort and convenience.CSensory enjoyment.DA reasonable mix of nutrition.52What does the author think of ordering home delivery?AIts quite pricey.BIt may let consumers down.CIt may cause food waste.DIts not environmental-friendly.53How is the text developed?ABy pro

130、viding examples.BBy following space order.CBy making comparisons.DBy analyzing mental processes.14.（2023年山东省淄博市高三试题）There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often disagreements exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that soci

131、ety of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an internal biological cause foraging.In general the social status of an age group is related to its effective influence in its society, which is associated with that groups function in produ

132、ctivity. In agricultural societies the elderly have a status of respectability. Their life experiences and knowledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) societies where knowledge is orally transmitted. The range of activities in these societies allows the elderly to continue

133、to be productive members of their communities.In industrialized nations, although in certain fields old age is still considered significant, particularly in the political field, older people are increasingly being forced into retirement before their productive years are over, causing problems in the

134、ir psychological adaptations to old age. Retirement is not regarded unfavorably in all instances, but its economic limitations tend to further remove older people from the range of influence and raise problems in the extended use of leisure time and housing. As a consequence, financial preparation f

135、or retirement has become an increased concern for individuals and society.Familial relationships tend to be the focus of the elderlys attention. However, the tendency for young people in industrialized countries to be highly mobile has forced older people to decide whether to move to keep up with th

136、eir families or to remain in neighborhoods which also change, altering their familiar patterns of activity. Although most older people do live within an hour from their closest child, industrialized societies are faced with formulating programs to accommodate increasing numbers of older people who f

137、unction independently of their families. Adult education programs are beginning to close the generation gap; however, as each successive generation reaches old age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new problems arise requiring new social accommodations.54What counts for th

138、e elderly in agricultural societies?ATheir status of respectability.BTheir value in productivity.CTheir rich knowledge in education.DTheir extraordinary ability to work.55What can we learn about the elderlys retirement from Paragraph 3?AIt has faded the elderly worries.BIt means the end of productiv

139、e ability.CIt is considered beneficial in all distances.DIt influences the elderly psychologically and financially.56What does the underlined word “formulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?APlanning.BChanging.CExtending.DCanceling.57Where is this text probably taken from?AA personal journal.BA science resea

140、rch.CA social issue review.DA community brochure.15.（2023年山东省实验中学高三二模英语试题）Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos. For every pack of yogurt that a person bought, he would donate yogurt to a family in need. Danone had done its research. Increasingly, people say they want to buy from bran

141、ds that give them a sense of purpose. Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing. But Juntos was a failure. Despite sinking millions into a marketing campaign, Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months after it was launched. Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yog

142、urt.What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos failure, Lawrence Williams and his colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to pick one option. They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while others were told to “enjoy t

143、hemselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure.” They found that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with people who put pleasure in the first place.So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain their deci

144、sion-making to find out. He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives. Instead, they were occupied with what else they could do with their money.I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices. But c

145、heap products can create many problems. Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones. As a result, we shop more often, which is ultimately worse for our wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can do a greater damage to the environment. Thanks in part to fast fashion, people buy

146、 60 percent more clothing today than they did 15 years ago. The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases than international flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping combined.So before you dive into your wallet for some deals, try not to fix only on what you are spending or saving. Think careful

147、ly about what you are buying, too.58What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?AIt ignored marketing strategies.BIt priced itself relatively high.CIt lacked a particularly good taste.DIt focused on delight and pleasure.59What can be inferred about meaning seekers?AThey frequent high-end store

148、s.BThey think products extend their lives.CThey hesitate to make decisions.DThey make more purchases with money.60How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?ABy giving some examples.BBy listing numbers and data.CBy explaining reasons.DBy making some comparisons.61Which is the most suitable title for the text?AInnovation: a Products LifeBTo Buy or not to BuyCMeaning seekers or Quality-pursuersDFast Fashion: a Hit to Your Wallet