专题 28 语法填空高频话题 (地理环境与环境保护)-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）.docx

1、专题 28 语法填空高频话题(地理环境与环境保护) 刷大题、提能力1.（广东省河源市开学联考2023-2024学年高三联考试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。May 22 marks the annual International Day for Biological Diversity, 1 theme for this year is “From Agreement to Action: Build Back Biodiversity”. Nearly half of the global GDP output is related 2 biologic

2、al diversity. Nearly 40 percent of the global population makes their living on marine or coastal biodiversity.China is one of the worlds most biologically 3 (diversity) countries. China is home to the worlds third largest number of higher plant species with 35,000, 4 (account) for the worlds 10 perc

3、ent of the category. The country also owns 686 species of mammals and 5 largest number of unique mammal species. China has 24.02 percent of 6 (it) territory covered by forest and 7 (top) the fifth globally in terms of forest resource coverage.From the perspective of the world, however, the numbers o

4、f wild animals in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region have dropped 66 percent and 55 percent 8 (respective) due to habitat degradation (恶化), development and pollution, climate change and diseases. The threat that worldwide biological diversity is under is worsening as 41 percent of the worlds amphibi

5、ans, 26 percent of the mammals and 14 percent of birds are facing extinction.What are we supposed to do? Dont eat, purchase wild animals. Reduce using plastic 9 (item). Save water and power. Reduce 10 (consume) of domestic paper. Plant trees and forests.【答案】1whose 2to 3diverse 4accounting 5the 6its

6、7tops 8respectively 9items 10consumption【导语】本文是一篇说明文。5月22日是国际保护生物多样性节日。文章介绍了保护生物多样性的重要性、中国多样性的生物状况以及全球的严峻形势和我们应该采取的行动。1考查定语从句。句意：5月22日是一年一度的国际生物多样性日，今年的主题是“从协议到协力：复原生物多样性”。句中先行词为the annual International Day for Biological Diversity，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词theme，表示所属关系，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。2考查介词。句意：近一半的全球GDP产出

7、与生物多样性有关。be related to为固定搭配，意为“和有关”。故填to。3考查形容词。句意：中国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词countries。故填diverse。4考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界第三大高等植物物种的家园，有3.5万种，占世界高等植物种类的10%。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语China与account之间为顺承主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填accounting。5考查冠词。句意：哺乳动物种类686种，是世界上独特哺乳动物种类最多的国家。形容词最高级前面用定冠词the修饰。故填the。6考查代词。

8、句意：中国森林覆盖率达24.02%，森林资源覆盖率居世界第五位。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词territory。故填its。7考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国森林覆盖率达24.02%，森林资源覆盖率居世界第五位。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列的谓语动词。主语China是单数意义，主语和谓语之间是主动关系，该句叙述的是一般事实，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填tops。8考查副词。句意：然而，从世界范围来看，由于栖息地退化、开发和污染、气候变化和疾病，非洲和亚太地区的野生动物数量分别下降了66%和55%。修饰动词，用副词形式。respectively分别地；各自地。故填respectively

9、。9考查名词的数。句意：减少使用塑料制品。根据语境可知，此处是复数意义，表示“各类塑料制品”。故填items。10考查名词。句意：减少使用生活用纸。动词reduce后加名词作宾语，名词consumption为不可数名词。故填consumption。2.（浙江省杭州市“六县九校”联盟2023年试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It has been estimated that rapidly growing modernization is leading to ignorance towards the environment. Humans have c

10、reated a situation in 11 ordinary events become increasingly raised to the level of natural disasters, 12 (cause) heavy losses in terms of human life as well as property. Over the years, scientists researching on this topic 13 (find) that the main problem is global warming. But because 14 human gree

11、d, no one is really caring about the environmental risks and everyone is busy making money. It is known that the rapid industrial growth has led to 15 large number of air and water pollution problems. Though there are environmental laws that these 16 (industry) need to follow to treat the waste but

12、most of the time the industry owners ignore these laws for their personal gain. Rapid construction has led to large land areas being covered with cement(水泥), meaning the flow of water becomes so strong 17 water runoff cant get absorbed by the soil, eventually leading to greater flooding. 18 (fortuna

13、te), there are still a lot of people who really care about the environment and are 19 (will) to work on environmental issues. Many societies and groups are working day and night 20 (make) people aware of the harmful effects of the pollution and other practices that are harmful to our environment.【答案

14、】11which 12causing 13have found 14of 15a 16industries 17that 18Fortunately 19willing 20to make【导语】本文是一篇说明文。快速发展的现代化正在导致对环境的破坏。本文主要分析了环境问题产生的原因。11考查定语从句。句意：人类已经造成了一种情况，在这种情况下，普通事件越来越多地上升到自然灾害的程度，造成了人类生命和财产的重大损失。分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是situation，表示抽象地点，定语从句用“in+关系代词which”引导，相当于where。故填which。12考查现在分词

15、。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填causing。13考查动词的时态。句意：多年来，研究这一主题的科学家们发现，主要问题是全球变暖。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语Over the years可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语scientists 为复数。故填have found。14考查介词。句意：但由于人类的贪婪，没有人真正关心环境风险，每个人都忙于赚钱。because of是固定搭配，意为“由于；因为”。故填of。15考查冠词。句意：众所周知，工业的快速增长导致了大量的空气和水污染问

16、题。a large number of 是固定短语，意为“大量的”，故用不定冠词a。故填a。16考查名词的数。句意：尽管这些行业需要遵守环境法来处理废物，但大多数时候，行业所有者为了个人利益而无视这些法律。根据空格前的these 可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填industries。17考查状语从句。句意：快速的建设导致大片土地被水泥覆盖，这意味着水流变得如此强劲，以至于径流无法被土壤吸收，最终导致更大的洪水。分析句子可知， 此处为“so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句”句型，意为“如此以至于”。故填that。18考查副词。句意：幸运的是，仍然有很多人真正关心环境，并愿意致力于环境问题。分

17、析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“幸运地”，应用fortunately，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。19考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。be willing to do sth.是固定短语，意为“乐意做某事”。故填willing。20考查动词不定式。句意：许多社会和团体夜以继日地工作，让人们意识到污染和其他对环境有害的做法的有害影响。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。3.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）阅读下面短文,在空

18、白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Since the summer of 2022, a 26-year-old Shanghai resident 21 ( name) Chen Jiaorong has been walking along Julu Road in Shanghais downtown area once or twice a week, looking around and picking up“garbage”. After her action was noticed online, she was described by others 22 a “s

19、tooper”.The word “stoop” means “to bend forward”, 23 in the United States, it also refers to a platform or entrance stairway to a house. The term “stooper” was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused 24 (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by thos

20、e in need. Later, “stooping” was extended to mean “picking up abandoned items and 25 (recycle) them”.As the first “stooper” in China, Chen had 26 (she) own approach. She picked unused goods to help find suitable new owners for some items. When she 27 (spot) such abandoned goods, she put a pair of ey

21、eball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others 28 ( pick) them up from the streets.Although “stooping” is a 29 ( relative) new word in China, now, people are gradually advocating 30 savings-based consumption and environment-friendly lifestyle i

22、nstead of blindly pursuing luxurious expense. And more young people are joining the ranks of “stooping”【答案】21named 22as 23but/while 24belongings 25recycling 26her 27spotted 28to pick 29relatively 30a【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在物资极其丰富的今天，北上广等一线大城市的年轻人中，有一种stooping的文化正悄然盛行。参与 stooping的年轻人被称为“stooper”或“垃圾猎人”。2

23、1考查非谓语动词。句意：自从2022年夏天开始，一个名叫陈娇蓉的26岁的上海居民，经常会在上海市中心的巨鹿路上一周走一到两次，四处看看并捡起“垃圾”。此处name作为后置定语，修饰名词resident，之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填named。22考查介词。句意：在她的行为在网上被注意到后，其他人称她为“垃圾猎人”。be described as被称作。故填as。23考查连词。句意：“stoop”一词的意思是向前弯曲，但在美国，它也指通往房子的平台或人口楼梯。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故填but/while。24考查名词的数。句意：“stoop”一词是在美国创造的，因为很

24、多人把他们使用过或未充分利用的物品放在家门口，然后被有需要的人免费带走。形容词underused后接名词形式。名词belonging常用复数，表示“所有物”作宾语。故填belongings。25考查非谓语动词。句意：后来“stoop”被扩展为“捡起废弃的物品并回收利用”。mean doing“意味着”。故填recycling。26考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为中国第一个“垃圾猎人”，陈有她自己的方法。修饰名词approach，前用形容词性物主代词。故填her。27考查谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街

25、上捡起这些物品。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。spot（发现）的过去式为spotted。故填spotted。28考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填to pick。29考查副词。句意：虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。形容词new 前用副词形式。relatively“相对地”。故填relatively。30考查冠词。句意：

26、虽然“stooping”在中国是一个相对较新的词，但现在，人们逐渐提倡一种以储蓄为基础的消费和环保的生活方式，而不是盲目追求奢侈的消费。名词consumption为可数名词，泛指，且形容词savings-based发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。4.（2023届浙江省丽水市缙云中学等三校联考试题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The total floor area of Chains green buildings has been over 6. 6 billion square meters with the countrys effor

27、ts to promote high-quality development in urban and rural areas. 31 (note)Chinas achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development, 32 (stress)the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and

28、 rural construction at a press conference on Monday. The ministry will make continuous efforts 33 (increase)the proportion of green buildings, raise building energy efficiency standards and popularize buildings with extra-low energy 34 (consume)in regions with suitable climate conditions. It will al

29、so promote green renovation of existing buildings to improve energy efficiency and make 35 (low)carbon emissions. China issued a guideline 36 supports green development in urban and rural areas recently. Institutional mechanisms and policy systems for green development in urban and rural areas will

30、be 37 (basic)established by 2025, while green development will cover urban and rural areas 38 a comprehensive way by 2035, with 39 increased cut in carbon emissions, said the guideline. The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take 40 (measure)

31、to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities.【答案】31Noting 32stressed 33to increase 34consumption 35lower 36that/which 37basically 38in 39an 40measures【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就以及未来的举措。31考查非谓语动词。句意

32、：住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就，强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处在句中只能用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语Zhang Xiaohong与动词note之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，整个分词短语作状语，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填Noting。32考查动词时态。句意：住房和城乡建设部副部长张晓红在周一的新闻发布会上提到了中国在城乡绿色发展方面取得的成就，强调了在城乡建设中节能减排的艰巨任务。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语Zhang Xiaohong与动词stress之间为主动关系

33、，结合时间状语on Monday可知，此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填stressed。33考查非谓语动词。句意：环保部将继续努力提高绿色建筑的比例，提高建筑能效标准，并在气候条件适宜的地区推广超低能耗建筑。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，设空处在句中表目的，应用to do不定式。故填to increase。34考查名词。句意：环保部将继续努力提高绿色建筑的比例，提高建筑能效标准，并在气候条件适宜的地区推广超低能耗建筑。分析句子可知，设空处受前面extra-low energy的修饰，应用名词，energy consumption表示“能耗”

34、，设空处应填consumption。故填consumption。35考查形容词比较级。句意：它还将推动现有建筑的绿色改造，以提高能源效率，降低碳排放。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的carbon emissions，结合句意可知，此处表示“降低碳排放”，与过去存在对比，应用形容词的比较级。故填lower。36考查定语从句。句意：近日，中国发布了支持城乡绿色发展的指导意见。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的guideline，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，先行词表示物，应用that或which引导。故填that或which。37考查副词。句意：意见指出，到2025

35、年，城乡绿色发展体制机制和政策体系基本建立，到2035年，绿色发展全面覆盖城乡，碳减排力度进一步加大。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，修饰动词，应用副词；basic的副词形式为basically，表示“基本上、大体上”。故填basically。38考查介词。句意：意见指出，到2025年，城乡绿色发展体制机制和政策体系基本建立，到2035年，绿色发展全面覆盖城乡，碳减排力度进一步加大。分析句子可知，设空处在句中连接两个名词性短语，应用介词；结合句意可知，此处指“以一种全面的方式”覆盖城乡，应用介词in，表示方式方法。故填in。39考查冠词。句意：意见指出，到2025年，城乡绿色发展体制机制和政

36、策体系基本建立，到2035年，绿色发展全面覆盖城乡，碳减排力度进一步加大。分析句子可知，设空处在句中限定后面的increased cut，cut表示“削减”，为可数名词，此处为单数形式，故设空处应用不定冠词，表示泛指，increased为元音音素发音的词，应用an。故填an。40考查名词。句意：环保部将制定“十四五”城乡人居环境规划，并采取措施，在促进区域和城市绿色发展的同时，将生态环境、建筑和社会文化环境相结合。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词；measure为可数名词，表示“措施”，设空处前面没有冠词，故此处应用复数形式。故填measures。5.（2023届江苏省天一中学高考考

37、前热身训练英语试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。To protect the ocean and prevent plastic waste polluting the water, an Italian company has invented River Cleaning, 41 seems to be a perfect tool for picking up litter before it gets there. About 80 percent of ocean waste comes from 100 of the 42 (large) wat

38、erways across the world. So, stopping waste at its source is 43 excellent potential solution.However, the company had to overcome several 44 (difficulty) before it could test out the invention 45 (proper). For example, its device had to allow boats to easily pass through, while being able 46 (run) 2

39、4/7 with no impact on the environment. The result is River Cleaning, a 100 percent effective, low cost, low impact solution.Attached 47 the bed at the bottom of the river, River Cleaning is a series of buoys (浮标) that powered by the 48 (nature) flow of the river. It has the ability to collect differ

40、ent kinds of waste. So far, studies 49 (show) River Cleaning can collect 85 percent of all waste passing by it. So, if it is used in all the right places, thats up to 85 percent of trash prevented from 50 (enter) flowing into the ocean.【答案】41which 42largest 43an 44difficulties 45properly 46to run 47

41、to 48natural 49have shown 50entering【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利一家公司开发的防止垃圾从河流进入海洋的新发明。41考查定语从句。句意：为了保护海洋并防止塑料垃圾污染水，一家意大利公司发明了河流清洁，这似乎是在垃圾到达那里之前捡拾垃圾的完美工具。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，空格处在句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，故填which。42考查形容词最高级。句意：大约80%的海洋垃圾来自世界上最大的100条水道。根据空前的the及表示范围的介词短语可知，此处应填其最高级形式，故填largest。43考查冠词。句意：因此，从源头上阻止浪费是

42、一个很好的潜在解决方案。空后是单数名词solution，因此此处为不定冠词表泛指，且excellent发音以元音音素开头，故填an。44考查名词复数。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。根据空前的several可知，此处应填名词复数形式。故填difficulties。45考查副词。句意：然而，该公司必须克服几个困难才能正确测试发明。空白处所填词在句中修饰动词词组test out，空处应为其副词形式。故填properly。46考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，他们的设备必须允许船只轻松通过，同时能够全天候运行，并且对环境没有影响。固定短语：be able to do，意为“能够做某事”

43、，故填to run。47考查介词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。固定搭配：attachto意为“把栓在”，to是介词，故填to。48考查形容词。句意：河流清洁附着在河底的河床上，是由河流的自然流动提供动力的一系列浮标。分析句子结构可知空处应为形容词修饰名词作定语，故填natural。49考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，河流清洁可以收集85%的经过它的废物。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，助动词使用have，故填have shown。50考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，如果在所有正确的地方使用它，那么高达85%的垃圾被阻止

44、流入海洋。空白处所填词在句中作介词from的宾语，故填其动名词形式，故填entering。6.（2023年福建省德化一中、永安一中、漳平一中三校协作高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Housed in a small container and measuring just 0.5cm long, the weevil (象鼻虫) doesnt look very 51 (frighten). Yet this species is the UKs latest hope in a new wave of biological ways 52 (contr

45、ol) invasive species rather than using chemical and mechanical methods. The South American creatures target is a floating plant 53 blocks rivers, cutting water oxygen levels and outcompeting native plants. As well as 54 (potential) threatening biodiversity, the invasive species have a big economic i

46、mpact on Great Britain, 55 (estimate) 1.7 billion a year. Those are the reasons why the weevil is at the forefront of a new wave of biological agents used in the UK after many relative tests have been carried out.The weevil I saw in 56 lab near London belonging to the Centre for Agriculture and Bios

47、cience International will eat the invasive plants 57 (leaf) and its larvae (幼虫) will eat the stalks (茎) from the inside out.The weevils were first used in the wild in the UK last winter. Now more will 58 (release) in various areas this year to deal 59 the invasive species. The next problems will be

48、whether the weevils can establish 60 (them) in the wild and be effective against the plant.【答案】51frightening 52to control 53that/which 54potentially 55estimated 56a 57leaves 58be released 59with 60themselves【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了象鼻虫能吃掉入侵植物的叶子，成为英国控制入侵物种的新一波生物方法。51考查形容词。句意：把象鼻虫放在一个只有0.5厘米长的小容器里，看起来并不是很可

49、怕。空处应填形容词，作表语，主语the weevil，指物，应用形容词frightening“令人恐惧的，可怕的”，故填frightening。52考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这一物种是英国控制入侵物种的新一波生物方法的最新希望，而不是使用化学和机械方法。ways后用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“的方法”，故填to control。53考查定语从句。句意：这种南美生物的目标是一种漂浮的植物，这种植物会阻塞河流，降低水中的氧气含量，并与本地植物竞争。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是plant，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which，故填that或which。54考查副

50、词。句意：除了潜在威胁生物多样性外，这些入侵物种还对英国造成了巨大的经济影响，估计每年损失17亿英镑。此处修饰动词threatening，应用副词，作状语，故填potentially。55考查非谓语动词。句意同上。动词estimate和逻辑主语economic impact之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语，故填estimated。56考查冠词。句意：我在伦敦附近一个属于国际农业和生物科学中心的实验室里看到的象鼻虫会吃掉这种入侵植物的叶子，它的幼虫会从里到外吃掉茎。lab实验室，是可数名词，此处泛指“一个实验室”，应用不定冠词，且lab是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a，故填a。57考查名词复数。

51、句意同上。leaf树叶，可数名词，结合空前的“the invasive plants”可知，此处表示“这种入侵植物的树叶”，数量大于一，应用复数形式，故填leaves。58考查动词语态。句意：今年将在不同地区释放更多象鼻虫，以应对入侵物种。主语“more”指代“更多象鼻虫”，和动词release之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，will后接动词原形，故填be released。59考查介词。句意同上。固定短语deal with处理，应对，故填with。60考查反身代词。句意：接下来的问题是象鼻虫能否在野外生存并有效地对付这种植物。宾语和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词，作宾语，故填themselv

52、es。7.（2023年湖南省岳阳市平江县第一中学高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。French disaster epic Notre-Dame on Fire hits Chinese big screenThis April marks the 61 (four) anniversary of Notre-Dame in Paris being engulfed by the biggest blaze in its history.NotreDame on Fire, now in Chinese cinemas, is a disaster ep

53、ic 62 veteran French filmmaker Jean-Jacques Annaud, who also helmed Wolf Totem(2015), a drama film 63 (adapt) from Chinese writer Jiang Rongs eponymous novel. The film made its China premiere on April 6 in Beijing in the presence of Frances Minister of Culture Rima Abdul Malak and the director.Prese

54、nting a blow-by-blow recreation of the gripping events that 64 (happen) on April 15, 2019 when the fire at the French medieval catholic cathedral rocked France and shocked the whole world, Annauds new film hails the heroic people who put their lives on 65 line to accomplish the awe-inspiring rescue.

55、 Annaud unveiled the filming details of the film to the audience 66 (attend) the China premiere.“It was a 67 (danger) movie. The actors were actually very close to the extremely violent fire, 1,200-degree Fahrenheit fire. There are very few digital special effects. Almost all of what you have seen a

56、re 68 (identical) reconstructed sets that I set on fire,” he said.“When I saw this movie in Paris last year, it took me a few hours 69 I could breathe and walk normally on the street,” said Malak at the films China premiere.The French minister announced that 2024 will be the France-China Year of Cul

57、ture and Tourism and she invited Chinese tourists to travel to France for the occasion, especially to see the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, 70 , after almost six years of extensive renovations, is scheduled to reopen to the public in December of the same year.【答案】61fourth 62by 63adapted 64happened

58、65the 66attending 67dangerous 68identically 69before 70which【导语】本文是一篇说明文。今年4月是巴黎圣母院被历史上最大的大火吞没四周年，针对这一事件着火的巴黎圣母院被拍摄，真实地再现了当时的场景。61考查序数词。句意：今年4月是巴黎圣母院被历史上最大的大火吞没四周年。根据句意以及空前的定冠词“the”可知，空处应为序数词。故填fourth。62考查序数词。句意：着火的巴黎圣母院是一部灾难史诗，由法国资深电影制作人Jean-Jacques Annaud执导，他还执导了改编自中国作家姜戎同名小说的剧情电影狼图腾(2015)。根据句意可知，

59、着火的巴黎圣母院由法国资深电影制作人Jean-Jacques Annaud执导，故应为介词by。故填by。63考查非谓语动词。句意：着火的巴黎圣母院是一部灾难史诗，由法国资深电影制作人Jean-Jacques Annaud执导，他还执导了改编自中国作家姜戎同名小说的剧情电影狼图腾(2015)。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。且和“a drama film”之间为动宾关系，故用done形式作定语。故填adapted。64考查谓语动词。句意：2019年4月15日，法国中世纪天主教大教堂的大火震撼了法国，震惊了全世界，阿诺的新电影对发生在那里的扣人心弦的事件进行了详细的再现，称赞了那些冒着生命

60、危险完成令人敬畏的救援的英雄们。分析句子成分可知，空处应为定语从句的谓语动词。照应时间状语“on April 15, 2019”，应为一般过去时。且提示词“happen”为不及物动词，无被动。故填happened。65考查冠词。句意：2019年4月15日，法国中世纪天主教大教堂的大火震撼了法国，震惊了全世界，阿诺的新电影对发生在那里的扣人心弦的事件进行了详细的再现，称赞了那些冒着生命危险完成令人敬畏的救援的英雄们。根据句意可知，应短语put ones life on the line，意为“冒着生命危险”。故填the。66考查非谓语动词。句意：阿诺向参加中国首映的观众透露了这部电影的拍摄细节。

61、分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。且和“the audience”之间为主动关系，故用doing形式作后置定语。故填attending。67考查形容词。句意：这是一部危险的电影。应用形容词作定语修饰名词“movie”。故填dangerous。68考查副词。句意：你看到的几乎所有东西都是我放火烧过的完全一样的重建场景。应用副词修饰形容词“reconstructed”。故填identically。69考查连词。句意：“当我去年在巴黎看这部电影时，我花了几个小时才能够呼吸，在街上正常行走，”马拉克在电影的中国首映式上说。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导时间状语从句的连词。且结合句意，应为词义为“在

62、之前；才”的连词。故填before。70考查连词。句意：这位法国部长宣布，2024年将是法中文化旅游年，她邀请中国游客前往法国参加这个活动，特别是参观巴黎圣母院大教堂，该大教堂经过近六年的大规模翻新，计划于同年12月重新向公众开放。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词“the Notre-Dame cathedral”，在从句中充当主语。故填which。8.（2023年江苏省南通市高三考前练习卷英语试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Breathing dirty air causes the premature death o

63、f at least 1,200 children across Europe each year. Actually, many thousands more 71 (trouble) with physical and mental health problems that could have lifelong impacts. 72 it comes to air pollution, we cant think of children 73 little adults. They receive more pollution, and it starts in the womb (子

64、宫) and continues in kindergarten and onwards.Children are more exposed to dirty air than adults because they have a 74 (fast) breathing rate, are closer to the ground and are outdoors more. They are particularly 75 (sense) to dirty air, and pollutants can have a permanent impact on their development

65、. The impacts begin before birth, 76 contributes to low birth weight and premature birth.Reducing the 77 (source) of air pollution, including road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions (排放物), is key. Action should also be taken 78 (reduce) the specific risks to children. The

66、se could include putting clean air zones around schools, where traffic would 79 (restrict) and idling engines (怠速运转) prohibited. Local authorities and schools should also consider 80 (plant) trees, ivy screens and hedge fences around playgrounds.【答案】71are troubled 72When 73as 74faster 75sensitive 76

67、which 77sources 78to reduce 79be restricted 80planting【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了空气污染对人们造成的影响以及一些解决措施。71考查时态和语态。句意：事实上，成千上万的人受到身心健康问题的困扰，这些问题可能会对他们的一生产生影响。谓语动词trouble与主语many thousands more是被动的关系，此处叙述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填are troubled。72考查从属连词。句意：当谈到空气污染时，我们不能把孩子当作小大人。when it comes to.“当谈到”是固定句式，when引导时间状语从句

68、，符合句意。句首字母大写，故填When。73考查介词。句意：当谈到空气污染时，我们不能把孩子当作小大人。think of.as.“把当作”是固定搭配，介词as意为“作为”。故填as。74考查形容词比较级。句意：儿童比成年人更容易暴露在污浊的空气中，因为他们的呼吸频率更快，离地面更近，户外活动更多。根据句中more和closer等句意可知，此处应用形容词比较级作定语。故填faster。75考查形容词。句意：它们对污浊的空气特别敏感，污染物会对它们的发展产生永久性的影响。根据前文are可知，此处应用其形容词作表语，be sensitive to.“对敏感”是固定搭配。故填sensitive。76考

69、查定语从句。句意：这些影响在出生前就开始了，这会导致体重过低和早产。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。77考查名词复数。句意：减少空气污染源，包括道路交通、煤炭和固体燃料燃烧以及工业排放物，是关键。后文列举了road traffic, coal and solid fuel burning, and industrial emissions这三种污染源，应用source的复数形式作宾语。故填sources。78考查动词不定式。句意：还应采取措施来减少空气污染对儿童的具体风险。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的

70、。故填to reduce。79考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：这些措施可能包括在学校周围设立清洁空气区，在那里交通将受到限制，发动机怠速运转被禁止。动词restrict和主语traffic之间是被动关系，应用其被动结构be done，和would构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be restricted。80考查动名词。句意：地方当局和学校也应该考虑在操场周围种植树木、常春藤屏障和篱笆。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”是固定短语，动名词planting作consider的宾语。故填planting。9.（2023年海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当

71、的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 81 (handle) the widespread use and environmental damage caused by single-use plastics,a Chinese research institute has proposed developing new technologies 82 using a more eco-friendly substitute-bamboo. The proposal, 83 (announce)on Thursday by the International Centre for Bamboo an

72、d Rattan, comes after the Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative introduced at the High-level Dialogue on Global Development held 84 (virtual) in Beijing in June.Fei Benhua, director of the International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, said bamboo-straw manufacturing technology could be realize

73、d and used to replace plastic straws on 85 large scale, 86 (add) that using bamboo to make straws is just the beginning.The world makes nearly 400 million metric tons of plastic every year for use in packaging, construction, catering and other 87 (purpose), and Chinas delivery industry annually 88 (

74、produce) about 1.8 million tons of plastic waste. A sharp rise in single-use plastics, 89 are produced almost entirely from fossil fuels, has damaged the well-being of the planet. Bamboo, on the other hand, can be used to produce cups, straws, paper and packaging, while being 90 (recycle) and enviro

75、nmentally friendly.【答案】81To handle 82by 83announced 84virtually 85a 86adding 87purposes 88produces 89which 90recyclable【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了为了处理一次性塑料造成的广泛使用和环境破坏，一家中国研究机构提议使用更环保的替代竹子来开发新技术。81考查非谓语动词。句意：为了处理一次性塑料造成的广泛使用和环境破坏，一家中国研究机构提议使用更环保的替代竹子来开发新技术。has proposed为谓语动词，空格处表示目的，应用动词不定式形式。故填To handle。82考查

76、介词。句意：为了处理一次性塑料造成的广泛使用和环境破坏，一家中国研究机构提议使用更环保的替代竹子来开发新技术。by doing为固定搭配，意为“通过某种方式”。故填by。83考查非谓语动词。句意：国际竹藤中心周四宣布了这一提议，此前6月在北京举行的全球发展高级别对话上提出了“以竹代塑”倡议。comes是谓语动词，空格处应用非谓语动词作定语，the proposal和announce之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填announced。84考查副词。句意：国际竹藤中心周四宣布了这一提议，此前6月在北京举行的全球发展高级别对话上提出了“以竹代塑”倡议。空格处作状语，修饰过去分词held

77、，应用副词形式。故填virtually。85考查冠词。句意：国际竹藤中心主任费本华表示，竹吸管制造技术可以实现，并用于大规模取代塑料吸管，并补充说，使用竹子制造吸管只是一个开始。scale意为“规模”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，large为辅音音标开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。86考查非谓语动词。句意：国际竹藤中心主任费本华表示，竹吸管制造技术可以实现，并用于大规模取代塑料吸管，并补充说，使用竹子制造吸管只是一个开始。said是谓语动词，空格处应填非谓语动词作状语，add和主语Fei Benhua构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。87考查名词的数。句意：全球每年生产近

78、4亿吨塑料，用于包装、建筑、餐饮和其他用途，中国快递业每年产生约180万吨塑料垃圾。other修饰可数名词复数，purpose为可数名词。故填purposes。88考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：全球每年生产近4亿吨塑料，用于包装、建筑、餐饮和其他用途，中国快递业每年产生约180万吨塑料垃圾。空格处作谓语，根据副词annually可知，应用一般现在时，主语Chinas delivery industry为名词的单数形式，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填produces。89考查定语从句。句意：几乎完全由化石燃料生产的一次性塑料的急剧增加损害了地球的福祉。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，

79、修饰先行词single-use plastics在从句中作主语，只能用which引导从句。故填which。90考察形容词。句意：另一方面，竹子可用于生产杯子、吸管、纸张和包装，同时可回收且环保。根据空格前的系动词being可知，空格处应填形容词作表语。故填recyclable。10.（2023年河南省安阳市高三第三次模拟英语试题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式, 并将答案填写 在答题卡上。According to the fifth Global Biodiversity Outlook report, biodiversity is declining 91

80、 an alarming rate. As the most biodiverse province in China, southwestern Yunnan is sharing 92 (it)conservation strategy on the international stage. Seventeen years after the province first 93 (introduce)the concept of Species with Extremely Small Populations(SESP), Yunnan showcased the achievements

81、 in conservation on Dec 16 at a side event of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties(COP15)to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in Montreal, Canada. “We will forever lose the opportunity for future development that some species bring if they go extinction,” says Yang Hua, 94 worke

82、r with the provincial forestry and grassland administration. SESP, 95 (bring)forward by the province in 2005, was a concept to represent species 96 were found to be restricted in their geographic distribution and showed weak population 97 (grow). Ever since then, the provinces conservation efforts 9

83、8 (help) the population of Asian elephants reach around 360, and that of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys is now 3, 800. Sun Weibang, director of the Kunming Botanical Garden, under the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 (recent) said that, during a decade of contin

84、uous development, Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations(PSESP) was applied as a model 100 (conserve)native plants in countries such as Italy, Russia, Mexico, and Iraq.【答案】91at 92its 93introduced 94a/one 95brought 96that/which 97growth 98have helped 99recently 100to conserve【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了云

85、南对野生动植物保护的情况。【详解】1. 考查介词。句意：根据第五全球生物多样性的展望报告，生物多样性正在以惊人的速度减少。表示“以的速度/比率”，用at a/an.rate，故填at。2. 考查代词。句意：作为中国生物多样性最丰富的省份，滇西南正在国际舞台上分享其保护策略。修饰名词短语conservation strategy，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。3. 考查动词时态。句意：12月16日，在加拿大蒙特利尔举行的联合国生物多样性公约缔约方大会(COP15)第15次会议的会外活动上，云南省首次提出了“极小种群物种”的概念。分析句子结构可知，after后跟宾语从句，空处作宾语从句的

86、谓语，主句谓语showcased提示此处应用过去时态，副词first后应用一般过去时态，故填introduced。4. 考查冠词/数词。句意：“如果一些物种灭绝，我们将永远失去它们带来的未来发展机会，”省林业和草原管理局工作人员杨华（音译）说。此处a worker作“Yang Hua”的同位语，或者用one修饰，表示“一个”，故填a或one。5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2005年我省提出的种群数量增长指数（SESP）是一个代表物种地理分布受到限制，种群数量增长缓慢的概念。句子的谓语动词是“was”，此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语，与其修饰的名词SESP构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填brou

87、ght。6. 考查定语从句。句意：2005年我省提出的种群数量增长指数（SESP）是一个代表物种地理分布受到限制，种群数量增长缓慢的概念。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，指物，且从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which引导限制性定语从句。故填that/which。7. 考查名词。句意：2005年我省提出的种群数量增长指数（SESP）是一个代表物种地理分布受到限制，种群数量增长缓慢的概念。此处作动词“showed”的宾语，所以用名词形式growth，不可数名词，故填growth。8. 考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，该省的保护工作帮助亚洲象的数量达到了360头左右，现在黑白金

88、丝猴的数量已经达到了3800头。由时间状语“Ever since then”可知，谓语动词用现在完成时；主语中心词为efforts，故填have helped。9.考查副词。句意：中国科学院昆明植物研究所昆明植物园主任孙伟邦近日表示，在过去十年的持续发展中，意大利、俄罗斯、墨西哥、伊拉克等国家都将极小种群植物作为保护本土植物的模式。修饰动词said用副词形式recently。故填recently。10. 考查非谓语动词。句意为：中国科学院昆明植物研究所昆明植物园主任孙伟邦近来说，在过去十年的持续发展中，意大利、俄罗斯、墨西哥、伊拉克等国家都将极小种群的植物物种作为保护本土植物的模式。此处是非谓

89、语动词作后置定语，修饰名词model，动词conserve和所修饰的名词model是同位关系，应用不定式用作定语，修饰名词model。故填to conserve。11.（2023年辽宁省重点高中协作校高三模拟试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HEFEI- Three Dalmatian pelicans (卷羽鹈鹕), or Pelecanus crispus, were spotted at Chaohu Lake for the first time, the fifth 101 (large) freshwater lake in the countr

90、y.The rare birds 102 (photograph) on Wednesday by a local biological resources survey team and two birdwatchers. 103 number of Dalmatian pelicans, a national first class protected species, is quite small in China. 104 , it is rare to see three of 105 (they) at the same time, according to Yu Lei, a b

91、ird expert on the local biological resources survey team.“This wading bird, which feeds on fish, has a high level of alertness and requires a good 106 (live) environment. The fishing ban in the lake and the improved environment are reasons behind the 107 (appear) of these pelicans,” said Yu, adding

92、that they migrated here 108 (spend) the winter.More than 80 birds, such as little swans and cormorants, were also spotted on Wednesday at the lake. Hefei City, 109 the lake is located, 110 (take) a number of measures to strengthen the protection of 10 major wetlands around Chaohu Lake in recent year

93、s, including banning fishing, land reclamation and waste dumping in the protected zones.【答案】101largest 102were photographed 103The 104Therefore/Thus/Hence 105them 106living 107appearance 108to spend 109where 110has taken【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。多种珍稀鸟类被拍摄到在安徽合肥的巢湖过冬，这是安徽省合肥市近年来加大环保力度的结果。101考查形容词最高级。句意：合肥消息，国内第五

94、大淡水湖巢湖首次发现三只卷羽鹈鹕。此处为“the+序数词+形容词最高级”的结构，表示排列“第几”事物。故填largest。102考查时态和被动语态。句意：当地一个生物资源调查小组和两名观鸟者于周三拍摄了这些珍稀鸟类。photograph与主语之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态。根据后文on Wednesday可知使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were photographed。103考查冠词。句意：卷羽鹈鹕是国家一级保护物种，在中国数量很少。the number of+复数名词，谓语动词使用单数。根据谓语动词is可知，此处使用the number of，句首单词首字母要大写。故填The

95、。104考查副词。句意：因此，据当地生物资源调查队的鸟类专家于磊说，同时看到三只鸟是很罕见的。本处上下句之间为因果关系，此处不能使用So，因为有逗号，只能使用副词therefore/thus/hence，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Therefore/Thus/Hence。105考查代词。句意：因此，据当地生物资源调查队的鸟类专家于磊说，同时看到三只鸟是很罕见的。作介词的宾语，应用代词them。故填them。106考查非谓语动词。句意：这种以鱼为食的涉禽警觉性很高，需要良好的生活环境。此处为定语修饰名词environment ，使用动名词表示用途，相当于a good environment fo

96、r living。故填living。107考查名词。句意：湖中的捕鱼禁令和环境的改善是这些鹈鹕出现的原因。作介词的宾语，应用名词appearance。故填appearance。108考查非谓语动词。句意：“这种以鱼为食的涉禽警觉性很高，需要良好的生活环境。湖中的捕鱼禁令和环境的改善是这些鹈鹕出现的原因，”于说，并补充说它们迁徙到这里过冬。此处为目的状语，目的状语使用动词不定式。故填to spend。109考查定语从句。句意：巢湖所在的合肥市近年来采取了一系列措施，加强对巢湖周边10大湿地的保护，包括在保护区内禁止捕鱼、填海造地和倾倒废物。先行词Hefei City在定语从句中作地点状语，the

97、 lake is located in Hefei City。故填where。110考查时态。句意：巢湖所在的合肥市近年来采取了一系列措施，加强对巢湖周边10大湿地的保护，包括在保护区内禁止捕鱼、填海造地和倾倒废物。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应使用现在完成时强调对现在的影响。故填has taken。12.（2023年山西省大同市高三试题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The day starts early for Zheng Baogang and his tree-planting team. At about 5 a.m., th

98、ey are on their way to the site of 111 abandoned mine in Huzhou, Zhejiang province. Since June, they have been working to restore the land to 112 (it)past natural glory. It is the most difficult reforestation project related to the former coal mines and stone quarries in the area in 113 Zheng has pa

99、rticipated. The Huzhou mine was put into operation in the late 1980s 114 it is about 200 metres deep now. Today, the entire site for reclamation(开垦)is more than 200. 000 square metres. 115 (wear)ropes and straps like mountaineers, Zheng and his team took 116 (step)down the cliff to loosen the compac

100、ted(压实的)soil and plant trees or grass seeds every day. In summer, the ground temperature can reach over 40C, while in winter, it is 117 (extreme)cold. Although the work is 118 (danger)and laborious, Zheng says it is rewarding to see the brown fields turning green. Estimated to be completed by the en

101、d of this month, the project will enter a two-year maintenance period 119 (restore)the areas greenery. In the past decade, Zheng 120 (help)with such work at over 60 former sites. Some sites are even reviving parklands.【答案】111an 112its 113which 114and 115Wearing 116steps 117extremely 118dangerous 119

102、to restore 120has helped/has been helping【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了郑宝刚和他的植树团队在浙江湖州一处废弃矿山一直致力于让这片土地恢复昔日自然光彩的故事。111考查冠词。句意：凌晨5点左右，他们正在前往浙江湖州一个废弃矿场的路上。分析句子可知， abandoned mine是可数名词单数，其前无限定词，所以应使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，应使用不定冠词，abandoned是元音音素开头。故填an。112考查代词。句意：自6月以来，他们一直在努力恢复这片土地往日的自然风光。分析句子可知，此处应为代词作定语修饰名词glory，所以此处应用形

103、容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。113考查定语从句。句意：这是郑参与的区域内与以前的煤矿和采石场有关的最困难的造林工程。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是project指物，that不能用于“介词+关系代词”结构中。故填which。114考查连词。句意：湖州矿于20世纪80年代末投入运营，目前仍是如此。分析句子可知，此处为连接两个并列的成分，结合句意可知，两者为并列关系。故填and。115考查非谓语动词。句意：郑和他的团队像登山者一样戴着绳索和背带，每天从悬崖上走下台阶，松动压实的土壤，种树或种草。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，wear与逻辑主语Zhen

104、g and his team之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Wearing。116考查名词的数。句意：郑和他的团队像登山者一样戴着绳索和背带，每天从悬崖上走下台阶，松动压实的土壤，种树或种草。分析句子可知，此处应为名词作宾语，step为可数名词单数，且不限定词，所以应用复数形式表示泛指。故填steps。117考查副词。句意：在夏天，地面温度可达40C以上，而在冬季，它是极其寒冷的。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词cold，extreme的副词为extremely意为“极其地”符合句意。故填extremely。118考查形容词。句意：虽然这项工作既危险又辛

105、苦，但郑说，看到褐色的田野变成绿色是值得的。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词作表语，与laborious并列，danger的形容词为dangerous意为“危险的”符合句意。故填dangerous。119考查非谓语动词。句意：预计本月底完工，项目将进入为期两年的维护期来恢复该地区的绿化。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是目的，所以应使用不定式形式作目的状语，且表示主动意义。故填to restore。120考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，郑已经在60多个旧址帮助开展了这样的工作。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语In the past decade可知，此处

106、应用现在完成时，且与句子主语Zheng之间为主动关系，句子主语是第三人称单数，所以填has helped；此外，根据句意，此处也可以理解为help从过去发生一直持续到现在，所以此处也可以使用现在完成进行时，表示主动意义，且句子主语是第三人称单数。故填has helped/has been helping。13.（2023年贵州省铜仁市高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Two villages have been named the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization,

107、thanks to their achievements in 121 (balance) tourism with economic development while sticking to 122 (environment) protection.According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and China 123 (award) the recognition late on Tuesday. Chinas Dazhai village

108、in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region 124 Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.Figures show that tourism development in Dazhai 125 (bring) great economic benefits to villagers since the village started to develop tourism around 2003.According to the bureau, 126 the village only receive

109、d 32,000 visits in 2004, the number rose to nearly 798,000 in 2019 before COVID-19 emerged. The villagers average income also saw 127 rise from 700 yuan per year ($100) to over 34,500 yuan in 2019.Jingzhu village, the other village 128 (recognize) by the World Tourism Organization this year, is loca

110、ted in Chongqing.The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in 2021 129 (promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has four villages winning the title, 130 the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang an

111、d Xidi village in Anhui.【答案】121balancing 122environmental 123were awarded 124and 125has brought 126while/although/though 127a 128recognized 129to promote 130with【导语】本文是一篇说明文。联合国世界旅游组织正式公布2022年“最佳旅游乡村”名单，中国广西大寨村和重庆荆竹村成功入选。121考查非谓语动词。句意：两个村庄被世界旅游组织评为2022年最佳旅游村，这是由于他们在平衡旅游与经济发展的同时坚持保护环境方面取得的成就。分析句子结构可知

112、，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据空前面的介词in可知，此处应为动名词形式作其宾语，且表示主动意义。故填balancing。122考查形容词。句意：两个村庄被世界旅游组织评为2022年最佳旅游村，这是由于他们在平衡旅游与经济发展的同时坚持保护环境方面取得的成就。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名protection，environment的形容词为environmental意为“环境的”。故填environmental。123考查谓语动词。句意：据该组织称，周二晚些时候，奥地利、智利、中国等18个国家和地区的32个村庄获得了认可。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语为late o

113、n Tuesday可知，此处应使用一般过去时，与句子主语32 villages为被动关系，且主语为名词复数。故填were awarded。124考查连词。句意：中国广西壮族自治区的大寨村和重庆的荆竹村获得了这一荣誉。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接两个并列主语Dazhai village和Jingzhu village。故填and。125考查谓语动词。句意：数据显示，自2003年前后开始发展旅游业以来，大寨的旅游业发展为村民带来了巨大的经济效益。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since the village started to develop tourism around

114、2003可知，此处应使用现在完成时，且与主语tourism development之间为主动关系，主语是第三人称单数。故填has brought。126考查状语从句。句意：据该局称，尽管2004年该村仅接待了3.2万人次，但在2019年COVID-19出现之前，这一数字上升到近79.8万人次。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，根据语境可知，前后两个分句应为“尽管”的意思。故填while/although/though。127考查冠词。句意：村民的平均收入也从每年700元(100美元)增加到2019年的3.45万元以上。分析句子结构可知，这里的rise是可数名词单数，意为“（数量或水

115、平的）增加，提高”，其前面通常用不定冠词表示泛指意义，且rise的第一个音素是辅音。故填a。128考查非谓语动词。句意：荆竹村是今年被世界旅游组织认可的另一个村庄，位于重庆。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，recognize与修饰的名词village之间为被动关系，且表示动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词形式。故填recognized。129考查非谓语动词。句意：世界旅游组织于2021年开始在全球范围内颁发最佳旅游村，以促进文化遗产保护和村庄的可持续发展。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“为了”为目的状语，因此使用动词不定式形式。故填to promote。

116、130考查介词。句意：到目前为止，中国有四个村庄获得了冠军，另外两个是浙江的余村和安徽的西递村。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定结构“with+宾语+宾补”在句中作状语，其中现在分词短语作宾语补足语。故填with。14.（四川省资阳中学2023年高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。More and more children are suffering from eco-anxiety, which is 131 problem that causes people to worry a lot about the future of Earth and th

117、e life on it. They worry about climate change, 132 (pollute) and the loss of biodiversity. This has urged education experts 133 (call) for more teaching in schools about climate change, wildlife and the environment. So necessary is knowledge of them nowadays 134 experts believe it should be taught t

118、o all year groups.The Teach the Future campaign finds that only one in four schoolchildren 135 (feel) they know enough about the climate crisis. It says this is leading to move children 136 (struggle) with eco-anxiety and worrying about the planet. A conservation organization, Earth Rangers, 137 (ta

119、ke) action to address the problem of eco-anxiety since it noticed that.It says, Eco-anxiety does have a big effect 138 children in many ways. This includes feelings of fear and hopelessness. It is 139 (importance) to research and understand the ways in which we can help children deal with these feel

120、ings 140 (effective). In the meanwhile, schools should create conservation activities and help children teach their parents how to protect nature.【答案】131a 132pollution 133to call 134that 135feels 136struggling 137has taken 138on 139important 140effectively【导语】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的孩子被生态焦虑所困扰，他们对气候变化、污染及生物多样

121、性的丧失等问题感到担心。131考查冠词。句意：越来越多的孩子患有生态焦虑症，这是一个让人们对地球的未来和地球上的生命感到担忧的问题。此处表示泛指，且空后名词“problem”以辅音音素开头。故填a。132考查名词。句意：他们担心气候变化、污染和生物多样性的丧失。空处应为名词与“climate change”和“the loss of biodiversity”并列作介词“about”的宾语。故填pollution。133考查非谓语动词。句意：这促使教育专家呼吁在学校开展更多关于气候变化、野生动物和环境的教学。固定搭配urge sb. to do sth.“敦促某人做某事”。故填to call。

122、134考查连词。句意：如今，这些知识是如此必要，以至于专家们认为应该向所有年级的学生教授这些知识。分析句子成分可知，本句运用了句型so.that.“如此以至于”。故填that。135考查谓语动词。句意：“教育未来”运动发现，只有四分之一的小学生认为他们对气候危机了解得足够多。分析句子成分可知，空处应为本句的谓语动词。照应主句谓语动词“finds”的时态，从句也应为一般现在时。且主语为“one+in+基数词+名词”时，谓语用单数。故填feels。136考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织表示，这导致许多儿童在生态焦虑和对地球的担忧中挣扎。分析句子成分可知，此处考查动名词的复合结构，lead to sb.

123、 doing sth.“致使某人做某事”。故填struggling。137考查谓语动词。句意：环保组织“地球护林员”注意到这一点后，就开始采取行动解决生态焦虑问题。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。照应主语“A conservation organization”以及时间状语从句“since it noticed that”可知为现在完成时应，并且用第三人称单数，。故填has taken。138考查介词。句意：报告称，生态焦虑在很多方面对儿童都有很大影响。固定搭配have an effect on“对有影响”。故填on。139考查形容词。句意：研究和了解帮助孩子有效处理这些情绪的方法是很重要

124、的。空前为be动词“is”，故空处应为形容词作表语。故填important。140考查副词。句意：研究和了解帮助孩子有效处理这些情绪的方法是很重要的。应用副词修饰动词短语“deal with”。故填effectively。15.（2023年广东省梅州市大埔县高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Fanjingshan World Heritage property is located in South-West China, 141 (cover) a total area of 40,275 hectares(公顷), fully surroun

125、ded by a buffer zone of 37,239 hectares. Fanjingshan is located in a monsoonal(季风的) climatic context and 142 (be)an important source of water for the surrounding landscapes and beyond, with some 20 rivers and 143 (stream) feeding the Wujiang and Yuanjiang River systems, both of 144 run into the Yang

126、tze River. The 145 (high) peak,Mt Fenghuangshan, has a height of 2,570 m above sea level.Fanjingshan is an island of rock in a sea of karst and is home 146 many ancient plant and animal species which 147 (originate)in the Tertiary Period, between 65 million and 2million years ago. 148 total of 3,724

127、 plant species have been recorded in the property,an 149 (impress) 13% of Chinas total flora(植物群). Fanjingshan is the only habitat in the world for Fanjingshan Fir and Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey, as well as 64 plant and 38 animal species that are listed as globally 150 (threaten).【答案】141covering 142i

128、s 143streams 144which 145highest 146to 147originated 148A 149impressive 150threatened【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梵净山世界遗产。141考查非谓语动词。句意：梵净山世界遗产位于中国西南部，总面积40275公顷，被37239公顷的缓冲区完全包围。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，因cover和逻辑主语The Fanjingshan World Heritage property为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填covering。142考查动词。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要

129、水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。由and连接的谓语动词is可知，此处应为be动词的三单形式。故填is。143考查名词复数形式。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。由空前some以及and连接的rivers为名词复数形式可知，此处也应为名词复数形式。故填streams。144考查定语从句。句意：梵净山位于季风气候环境中，是周边景观和外部景观的重要水源，大约有20条河流和溪流为吴江和沅江水系提供水源，这两个水系都流入长江。分析句子可知，此处为both of后

130、接关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the Wujiang and Yuanjiang River systems在从句中作主语成分。故填which。145考查形容词最高级。句意：最高峰凤凰山海拔2570米。根据句意以及空前定冠词The可知，此处为形容词最高级形式。故填highest。146考查固定短语。句意：梵净山是喀斯特海洋中的一个岩石岛，是许多古代动植物物种的家园，这些物种起源于6500万至200万年前的第三纪。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be home to“为的所在地”，满足句意要求。故填to。147考查动词。句意：梵净山是喀斯特海洋中的一个岩石岛，是许多古代动植物物种

131、的家园，这些物种起源于6500万至200万年前的第三纪。分析句子可知，此处为which引导定语从句中谓语动词的填入，结合从句in the Tertiary Period时间状语可知，此处动词应为过去时。故填originated。148考查固定短语。句意：共有3724种植物被记录在案，占中国植物总数的13%。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语A total of“总数为，总共”，满足句意要求。故填A。149考查形容词。句意：共有3724种植物被记录在案，占中国植物总数的13%。由空后13% of Chinas total flora为名词短语可知，此处为形容词形式修饰该名词短语。故填impressive。150考查形容词。句意：梵净山是世界上唯一的梵净山冷杉和贵州金丝猴的栖息地，还有64种植物和38种动物被列为全球濒危物种。由空前globally为副词可知，此处为形容词形式，被该副词修饰。故填threatened。