专题01 熟悉又陌生的词汇变形-2023高考英语读后续写备考秘籍——小小单词大大能量.docx

1、特殊变形词 不可不会英语最基本的构词法（ word formation ）有三种：派生（ derivation )、合成( compounding )和转化（ conversion )。利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。 派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法( derivation )。用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（ derivative )。派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种，在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。另外，这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因

2、此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。1.熟悉又陌生的派生词之名词。常见词缀要记牢，-tion/-sion/-ness/-cy/-ce/-th/-dom/-ty.recognizerecognition n.认可benefitbeneficial adj.有益的explainexplanation n.说明，解释curiouscuriosity n.好奇，好奇心generousgenerosity n.慷慨consumeconsumption n.消费；消耗describedescription n.描述，描写a

3、ssumeassumption n.假定；设想pronouncepronunciation n.发音；读法competecompetition n.竞争；比赛inviteinvitation n.邀请admireadmiration n.钦佩；羡慕；欣赏qualifyqualification n.资格；资格证书believebelief n.信念relieverelief n.如释重负tendtendency n.倾向，趋势choosechoice n.选择varyvariety n.多样化；种类concludeconclusion n.结论decidedecision n.决定divide

4、division n.分配expandexpansion n.扩张admitadmission n.接纳；准许入学permitpermission n.许可introduceintroduction n.介绍respondresponse n.回应richrichness n.丰富dampdampness n.潮湿；湿气completecompleteness n.完整；完全fullfullness n.充满；丰富；完全tiredtiredness n.疲劳；疲倦goodgoodness n.善良，美德Warmwarmth n. 温暖true truth n. 真相2.形容词变副词去(1)大部

5、分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e，形容词变副词直接加lyimmediateimmediately立刻地fortunatefortunately幸运地entireentirely完全地，彻底地widewidely广泛地absoluteabsolutely绝对地；完全地politepolitely有礼貌地；客气地wisewisely明智地；聪明地；精明地nicenicely漂亮地；恰好地hugehugely很；非常expensiveexpensively昂贵地(2)le结尾的形容词变为lysimplesimply简单地；仅仅gentlegently轻轻地；温柔terribleterribly非常；可怕

6、地；极度地possiblepossibly可能地；也许probableprobably大概；或许comfortablecomfortably舒服地；安乐地(3)以“元音字母e”结尾的形容词去e加lytruetruly真实地(4)特殊情况wholewholly完全地；全部shyshyly害羞地drydryly干燥地fullfully充分地dulldully单调地3.动词变名词，去e还是不去e(1)以e结尾，不去e直接加mentachieveachievement功绩；成就advertiseadvertisement 广告amazeamazement 惊奇agreeagreement同意arran

7、gearrangement 安排improveimprovement 改进requirerequirement 要求(2)以e结尾，去e再加mentargueargument辩论；论据judgejudgment意见；判断力4.以字母ic结尾的形容词加ally变为副词specificspecifically特别地；明确地basicbasically主要地，基本上scientificscientifically系统地；合乎科学地academicacademically学术上；学业上historichistorically关于历史事件，从历史观点上说classicclassically古典主义地en

8、thusiasticenthusiastically热情地5.后缀cy(t/tecy)accurateaccuracy准确性efficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅frequentfrequency频繁privateprivacy隐私；私密urgenturgency紧急1.名词复数特殊变化(1)不规则变化的名词复数childchildren孩子manmen男人toothteeth牙齿footfeet脚womanwomen女人mousemice老鼠gentlemangentlemen绅士oxoxen 公牛(2)外来名词的复数criterioncrite

9、ria 标准phenomenonphenomena 现象bacteriumbacteria 细菌mediummedia 媒介datumdata 数据(3)以o结尾的名词在词尾加s或es以o结尾的名词在词尾直接加s变为复数radioradios，zoozoos，pianopianos，kilokilos，photophotos以o结尾的名词在词尾直接加esheroheroes，tomatotomatoes，potatopotatoes2.形容词和副词比较等级的特殊变化原词比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstfarfarther/furtherf

10、arthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleast针对训练用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time ._( fortunate ), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam .【答案】 Unfortunately 2.Therefore, when they become older they are _( able ) to do any other kind of w

11、ork .【答案】 unable 3.Very early the next morning , amazingly ,we got completely satisfied in a totally _( expect ) way .【答案】 unexpected 4. I won t do the purchase because the price of this dress is _( reason ).【答案】 unreasonable 5.Job_( apply ) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexib

12、le in taking on many tasks at the same time .【答案】 applicants 6. All facts are the source of _( conclude ).【答案】 conclusions 7.However, most _( science ) agree that EQ has a lot to do with _( educate ).【答案】 scientists ; education 8.Excellent oral and written _( communicate ) skills in Chinese and English are of_ ( important ).【答案】 communication ; importance 9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _( require ).【答案】 requirement 10. 10.It is your_(free) to do what you want after class.【答案】 freedom