专题02代词、介词和介词短语-学易金卷：五年（2019-2023）高考英语真题分项汇编（解析版）.docx

1、五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题02 代词、介词和介词短语（解析版）第一组 代词2023年高考真题题组1.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42 (they) contents.答案：their。 解析：考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸

2、笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。3.（2023全国甲卷）In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps.答案：we改为us。解析：考查代词。句意：在那节课上，我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。作动词show的宾语，应用宾格us。故we改为us。4.（2023全国乙卷）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair.答案：his改为her。解析：考查

3、代词。句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”，应用代词her。故his改为her。2022年高考真题题组1.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _ _ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth A Special Exhibition of Puer Tea. 答案：its解析：考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真普洱茶专题展。名词ex

4、hibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。2.（2022全国甲卷）My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school.答案：去掉my。解析：考查短语。句意：当我不上学时，我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。off school为固定短语，表示“不在上学时”，school前面不加任何限定词。故去掉my。3.（2022全国甲卷）With the efforts made by all sides, we (my father and I) began to understand each other better.答案：

5、all改为both。解析：考查限定词。句意：在两方的努力下，我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知，此处表示作者和父亲双方，用both修饰sides，表示两方，all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。4.（2022全国乙卷）When you ride a bicycle, you dont use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution.答案：they改为you。解析：考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”

6、骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。2021年高考真题题组1.（2021全国I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in （I）. 答案：mine解析：句意为：对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.2.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has _(it)origin with the environ

7、mental movement of the 1970s. 答案：its解析：考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。3.（2021年浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：herself解析：考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此

8、处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。4.（2021全国乙卷）Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on their own.答案：little改为few; our改为their。解析：句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Many students say.”及“Some will turn.”可知，此处指一些学生。student为可数名词，应用a few代指。a

9、 little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。短语on ones own，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故our改为their。5. (2022天津卷) Im far_ and Ill never get this report done by Friday.A. below surfaceB. beyond controlC. behind scheduleD. above average答案：C解析：考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我远远落后于预定计划，我将无法在星期五之前完成这份报告。A. below surface地表以下；B. b

10、eyond control无法控制；C. behind schedule落后于预定计划；D. above average高于平均水平。根据句中“Ill never get this report done by Friday”可知，我无法在星期五之前完成这份报告，由此可知，我远远落后于预定计划，“behind schedule”意为“落后于预定计划”，符合语境。故选C项。2020年高考真题题组1.（2020全国I卷）Data about the moons composition, such as how _ ice and other treasures it contains, could

11、 help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 答案：much；its解析：考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。2. （2020年山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer sim

12、ulations (模拟) and imagine _ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 答案：themselves解析：考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。3.（2020全国I卷）“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right

13、. It didnt turn out as I had wished.答案：us改为me。解析：句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。4.（2020全国I卷）Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you soon.答案：yours改为your。 解析：best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours

14、改为your。5.（2020全国I卷）I tell my mom that if were forced to eat things, we may become ill. But he insists on us eating healthy food.答案：he改成she。解析：文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以he改成she。2019年高考真题题组1.（2019年北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ _(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.答案：myself解析：考查代

15、词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。2.（2018全国I卷）But otherwise.its probably running. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _a try. 答案：it/running解析：考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的

16、running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it。3.（2018全国III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive. 答案：them解析：考查人称代词。作宾语，所以用宾格代词。4.（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.答案：it

17、解析：考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。5.（2019全国I卷）From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 答案：my去掉。解析：考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。6.（2019全国III卷）In the cafe, customers w

18、ill enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.答案：yourselves改为themselves。解析：考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把yourselves改为themselves。第二组 介词和介词短语2023年高考真题题组1.（2023新高考I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 han

19、d rather than rolled.答案：by。解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。2.（2023新高考II卷）And who do they speak English 38 ? 答案：with。解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。2.（2023全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers faci

20、ng society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment.答案：for。解析：考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对负责。故填for。3.（2023全国甲卷）Now, Ive come to love those of small living things.答案：删除of。解析：考查介词。句意：现在，我开始喜欢上那些小生物了。those后可以直接跟small living thi

21、ngs作定语，不需要介词。故删除of。4.（2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.答案：to解析：考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布

22、局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从到”，用介词to。故填to。5.（2023全国乙卷）Last Friday my mom decided to color her hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.答案：删除with。解析：考查动词。句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，介词with多余。故删除with。6.（2023浙江1月卷）Thanks

23、 to Beijings long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.答案：as。解析：.考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。2022年高考真题题组1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve _ an umbrella spec

24、ies(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 答案：as解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。2.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers _ Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 20. 答案：from解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，

25、计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xian to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配fromto表示“从到”。故填from。3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 答案：by解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名

26、”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。4.（2022全国乙卷）Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.答案：because后加of。解析：考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后

27、加of。2021年高考真题题组1.（2021新高考II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 答案：from解析：考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从.到., 所以填from。2.（2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to p

28、rotect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 答案：in/during解析：考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。3.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _ the late 1980s. 答案：until解析：考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知

29、，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到才”使用固定句型“notuntil”。故填until。4.（2021全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 答案：of解析：考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的

30、”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。5.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it _ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage答案：for解析：考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以价格买某物”。故填for。6.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 a

31、nd 2017, average rural BMI increased _40_ 2. 1 in women and men.答案：by解析：考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。7.（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home _ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman

32、wandering the streets by herself答案：on解析：考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。8. （2021全国甲卷）Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions is: Who will you go in times of trouble?答案：go后加to。解析：句意：其中的一个问题是：你遇到麻烦

33、时会去找谁？短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。9.（2021全国乙卷）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.答案：doing前加from。解析：考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit.from. ”译为“从中获益”。故在doing前加from。2020年高考真题题组1.（2020全国I卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so _ th

34、e familiar near side. 答案：than解析：考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。2.（2020全国II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more _ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 答案：than解析：考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。3.（2020全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated _

35、 health, abundance and a happy home. 答案：with解析：考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。4.（2020全国III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _ earth, Mother Nature. 答案：on解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。5.（2020年北京卷）Over time, t

36、he bags fall apart_ _countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.答案：on解析：考查介词。句意：随着时间推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to.（分崩离析成），介词into/to可表“进入之中/变成”。故填into/to。6.（2020年浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they

37、lived _ ，through agriculture.答案：on解析：考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。7.（2020年浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person _ hunting and gathering，so people were able to

38、raise more children答案：than解析：考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more than，意为“比更”故填than。8.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven _two factors.答案：by解析：考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。9.（2020年山东卷）Museums must compete _peoples spare time and money with ot

39、her amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.答案：for解析：考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了竞争”。故填for。10.（2020新高考I卷）After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove.答案：off改为on。解析：句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured o

40、il into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为on。11.（2020全国II卷）Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.答案：China前加to。解析：此处come为不及物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。come to 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在China前加to。12.（2020全国II卷）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we

41、can practice together on every day.答案：去掉on。解析：介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。2019年高考真题题组1.（2019全国I卷）Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s. 答案：of/for解析：考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“method

42、s of doing sth。”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2.（2019全国III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact. 答案：of解析：考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。3.（2019年北京卷）First celebrated _ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).答案：i

43、n解析：考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。4.（2019年浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear.答案：to解析：考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .表示“的答案是”，是固定搭配。故填to。5.（2019全国II卷）When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my go

44、al and decided to be a doctor.答案：school前加in/at。解析：考查介词。“在高中”需要在地点名词前加介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。6.（2019全国III卷）I want my cafe have a special theme such as Tang Dynasty.答案：like删除。解析：考查介词的用法。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。7.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review sa

45、ys it is more effective at lengthening life _walking, cycling or swimming. 答案：than解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级more effective，所以用than。8.（2018全国II卷）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 答案：than解析：考查固定搭配。前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较。9.（2018全国III卷）My name is Mireya Mayor. I was searching thes

46、e three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. 答案：for解析：考查介词短语。根据固定搭配，search for寻找，故答案为for。10.（2018年浙江卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.答案：for解析：考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。11.（2018北京）Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. onC. in D. at答案：A解析：考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。