专题03 完形填空全新解读之一-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）.docx

1、全新解读高考完形填空（一） 知识导图要点精析一、题型介绍完形填空不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解等综合能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。三、设题焦点1. 上下文直接信息题2. 词、句、文三结合理解题3. 词义辨析题4. 语法知识和固定短语考查题5. 行文逻辑和全文中心把握题三、解题关键1. 抓主题，寻信息2. 觅逻辑，找搭配3. 辨词义，破难题四、解题技巧u 五大方法速判句内层次题解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于

2、此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。1 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。示例I then made it a point to _55_ those meetings and learn all I could.55. AchairBsponsor Cattend Dorganize解析C本题可以利用固定结构解题。attend a meeting出席会议，是固定搭配。2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着

3、诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。示例Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman _57_ the interruption and handed me an envelope.57A.regretted Bavoided Cexcused Dignored解

4、析C此题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。作者正在上课，因此根据生活常识，打断作者上课应该请求原谅。3利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。示例To _51_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.51A.show Brec

5、ord Cdecrease Dmeasure解析C本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为前面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。示例A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furni

6、shed B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable解析该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案C。4.利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。示例We went 101 and I was named most valuable p

7、layer, _28_I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 29.accident28A.and Bthen Cbut Dthus解析C本题考查连词。通过分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的短语。示例. got me rock-bottom prices on air

8、fares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused解析 A But是这里的语篇标记语，表示转折关系。由此我们可推测，尽管作者的旅行社经纪人总是能给他买到最低价的机票等，但是她冷冰冰的声音着实让作者不开心，故annoyed 符合此处语境。5. 利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出

9、正确答案。示例The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before _39_ in Toronto on January 8.39A.ending Bcalling Crepeating Dstaying解析A本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。由前面的start可知旅行开始时间，因此我们可以快速地选出ending旅行的结束时间。示例 When you revise, you cha

10、nge aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh解析 D fresh ideas 与本句后面的newly discovered information对应。u 四种方法智取句组层次题比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。1利用

11、语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。示例While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this _41_ proce

12、ss and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语)41A.searching Bplanning Cnatural Dformal解析 A本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。示例Good manne

13、rs at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone elses home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table. 50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends【解析】B 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索上文的复现词汇 manners。故答案为

14、B。示例This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?47A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct【解析】A 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索上文的复现词汇long示例Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven

15、” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before. 62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops【解析】C 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索上文的复现词汇claim。2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干

16、扰做出正确的选择。示例When men are 49(held up) together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 . 50Apleasing Bannoying Ccom

17、mon Dvaluable【解析】B 结合上下文，意思是在狭小的空间里呆的时间过长，平时习惯的小动作也变得令人不能容忍了。上文they begin to feel uneasy是提示。A项“令人高兴的”、C项“普通的”、D项“有价值的”意思都不符合语境。只有B项annoying与上文中的uneasy在作者的情感态度上最接近。3利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻

18、辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。示例 Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friends home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. 45. A. because

19、 B. but C. unless D. though【解析】 A 你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断 “you are aware that people judge you by your table manners”是表达前文的理由，用连词because。示例As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the

20、 faults already found out in the education system as a whole such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching. 55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In

21、 spite of【解析】B 选项分别解释为“由于”、“除外”、“代替”、“尽管”。理解上下文语境可知其逻辑关系是列举补充关系，故选B。该段主旨是：语言教学失败除了自身原因外，还有其它诸因素的直接影响。下文破折号后的there have been several为判断其逻辑关系提供了线索。4利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。示例During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live th

22、ere. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand !24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such【解析】：上下文语境分析法。根据上文a desert和alone，可知，没有一个人

23、可以交谈。A.仅仅；B. 没有；C.很多；D.这样。故选B。u 三种方法突破语篇层次题语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有23道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。1. 利用语义复现解题由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可

24、避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。示例 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryou

25、ts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 . What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51. in other words revising. Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Oper

26、a underwent such a process.50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career解析：参照下文第二段最后一句的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”可知答案C。process这个单词在下文复现。示例 In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writers conference in

27、 Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went . 36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment . I ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories. 解析 A 考

28、察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A假期；B仪式；C手术；D实验；句义：在2012年我刚刚从一次严重的疾病中恢复过来，我收到了一个邀请我去奥兰多参加作家会议。我家人说服我一个这样的假期也许是医生要求我做的事情。生病的人需要假期来恢复身心。另外根据文章最后一句filled my brief holiday in Florida可知也应该指假期。2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面

29、并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。示例He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative _47_. The book made Cousins think about the possible _

30、48_ of positive attitudes and emotions. 47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest【解析】这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的。都会损害人体组织和健康”。紧接着下句，意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的.”。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等词与下句中的positive attitude, benefit形成对

31、照，是解题关键。故47题A选项为正确答案；48题C为正确答案。示例 In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently bee

32、n lost . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application

33、if the person in the photo was physically attractive. 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down【解析】56，答案为D，根据本段首句以及选项后面所举出的例子可得知答

34、案为D；57，答案为B，根据本段 “whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not”可得出答案；58，答案为B，根据本段的最后一行的最后两个单词以及第五行的less attractive得出答案为B；59，答案为A，根据上文当中的mail，动词意思为邮寄，答案为A。示例 No limits! Imagine that normal limitations dont _58_. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think abo

35、ut your goal and the new _59_. If your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now _61_ this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else! Look at the s

36、ituation from a _62_ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why cant she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal

37、involves other people, put yourself in their _64_. The best fishermen think like fish!58. A. work B. last C. exist D. change62. A. private B. global C. different D. practical【解析】58. C 由本段的开头一句话：NO limits! 可知本段的中心应该围绕该话题展开的。62. C 此题的测试方法和上面的第58题如出一辙，只要用心都会注意到该段的开头一句话：Be someone else! 充当的作用：总领该段。故此选答案

38、时应该照顾上下文。3. 利用逻辑关系解题在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。示例 Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as

39、 you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. 56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore【解析】：B 副词Moreover类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意

40、。课堂典例 （1）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation

41、by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more lik

42、ely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are m

43、ore likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been lost . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and somet

44、imes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of 60 between the potential he

45、lper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt pri

46、nted with offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the worth of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on

47、 a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. p

48、ossible C. amusing D. missing55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B.

49、friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick答案及解析：50，答案为B，根据第六行的最后一个单词research，得出答案，学生可能由于上文当中出现的college而选择答案D，联系上下文不难得出这是一项研究。51，答

50、案为C，根据下文当中的his face was spotless，可得出答案，此处学生可能由于考试紧张没有注意到上下文的联系而猜错。52，答案为D，根据四个选项的意思得出答案为D，句意为如果受害者的脸毫无瑕疵，比起那些脸上有丑陋胎记的受害者，他更可能接受到帮助，显然A,B.C三个选项的意义都不符合句意。这里学生可能由于不知道victim或选项的意义而选错。53，答案为C，根据句意和上下文可判断答案为C，其他三个选项都不符合句意。学生可能因为选项意义的混淆以及对上下文的把控不到位而选错。54，答案为A，根据四个选项的意思和句意可以判断出答案为A，此题学生错的原因同上55，答案为B，根据句意是我们

51、认为值得帮助的人，所以答案为B，选项A，意思为寻求，选项C意思为获得，选项D为接受，都不符合句意56，答案为D，根据第四段句首以及选项后面所举出的例子可得知答案为D，学生可能以为没有分析清楚后面的段落是例子而选错答案。57，答案为B，根据本段第六行的第二个单词可得出答案，学生可能由于没有仔细的分析上下文而选错答案。58，答案为B，根据本段的最后一行的最后两个单词以及第五行的less attractive得出答案为B，学生可能没有和上下文作对比而猜答案。59，答案为A，根据上文当中的mail，动词意思为邮寄，答案为A，学生可能由于上文当中的mail就没有猜出来，导致出错。60，答案为A，根据倒数

52、第二段的第一句话，人们可能更愿意帮助来自同一国家的人而不是外国人，判断答案为A。61，答案为B，根据offensive的意义以及句子的意义判断出答案位B，学生可能由于不清楚plain和offensive的意思而选错。62，答案为C，根据该空后面的to buy milk，显而易见得出答案为C，除非粗心，本题学生不会出错。63，答案为D，根据句意和essential的意思可以判断出答案为D，学生可能由于不清楚essential的意思而选错答案。64，答案为D，通过对四个选项的单词意义作对比以及句子的意义和句子当中fell to the ground可以判断出D为最佳答案，学生可能没有注意到fall

53、 to the ground而选错答案。 （2）Directions: Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companie

54、s have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the cust

55、omer remains a customer. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. Wha

56、t is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Res

57、earch in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or serv

58、ice on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effo

59、rt is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually

60、 cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of

61、 all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denyingB. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost

62、 B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D

63、. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient答案及解析：50.B通过本题前面单词but可以得知，这里传达的信息是转折。“但是，事实上，至理名言总是会被忘记的。”本题的强干扰项是A in particular尤其。如果，把in reality 改为in fact. 相信很多考生都能做对。这里体现了，高中的词汇升级。51.C.结合上一句含义，人们容易忘记治理名言。这里便证明这一点。一旦公司吸引了顾客他们总是忽

64、略名言的下半句。“overlook”忽视。52.B 本题前面讲到商家做了很多事情来维护自己的生意。但是。却忘记了一条，确保你的客户一直是你的客户。“ensure”确保。53.D本题后面一句话讲到，据估计，平均每家公司每年会失去11%-30%的客户。这里可以确定，本题填写的是“falling”下滑。这样便能前后呼应了。54.A结合上句，可以得知，在市场的不断改变中，丢失客户不足以令人惊讶。“markets”市场。55.C通过本段第一句话，现在商家开始意识到流失客户并且统计财政收入方面给予的暗示。选择“financial”财政的。这里的强干扰项是“economical”经济的。结合前两段分析，现在

65、讨论的是每一个商家与客户流失的事情，而不是讨论经济环境这个大背景的问题。所以排除D。56.D.本题只要看看下一句，便可得知强调的是客户流失是否对公司带来的巨大影响。make a difference：影响。57.C 本题答案在本段第三行，研究表明只要减少5%的客户流失便会带来25%-85%的利润增长。“profit”利润。58.A 本题答案在本段第二行，只要客户第一次收到的是品质低劣的产品，结果他们就不会再来了。“as a result”结果。59.B 本题答案需要接合本段第一行与本段第三行来综合考虑。第一行讲到每个老客户在10年的时间里价值5000美元。而第三行讲到如果流失一名客户便会损失潜

66、在的利润。所以，选择“potential”潜在的。60.B 结合前文所述，不难理解这里是说培养客户的忠诚。“loyalty”忠诚。61.C这里依然是说，大部分的商家只是聚焦于如何获得顾客，而很少去留心如何留住顾客。62.C本题的含义是，老客户会买的更多，并且会占用服务资源更少。“established”已经确立的。这里引申为“老客户”。63.D本题的含义是，老顾客对价格的敏感性更低，并且会做免费的口头广告。64.B 本题的含义是，保留住顾客会让竞争者更难进入市场来占市场的份额。 （3）Directions: For each blank in the following passage the

67、re are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will

68、 seem a natural part of the writing 50 . What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising. Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When L

69、loyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For inst

70、ance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets

71、 only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 57 . topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows

72、58 . Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing

73、the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions,inferen

74、ces - that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A.

75、rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. d

76、irector B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final答案及解析：50.答

77、案：C解析：参照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However. dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名词technique（技术）、style（风格）、career（事业、生涯）都不符题意。本题难度适中。51.答案：D解析：前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other

78、 words表示“换句话说”。介词短语in particular（尤其、特别表强调）、as a result（因此，表结果）、for example（例如，表举例说明）都不符题意。本题难度适中。52.答案：A解析：动词skip（跳远）、reject（拒绝、抵制）replace（取代）都不符题意。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了（undergo）多次修改，与上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”对应。本题难度适中。53.答案：A解析：动词release（释放、赦免

79、、发行）、record（记录、录音）、reserve（保留、预订）都不符题意。动词rewrite表示“重写、修改”，与动词revise同义，与本篇文话题相关。本题难度适中。54.答案：B解析：介词短语in addition to表示“而且、除之外还有”，in opposition to表示“与.的意见相反”，in contrast to表示“与.形成对比”，都与本题不符。in response to（作为对的反应）在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应”本题难。55.答案：D解析：fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。本题难

80、度适中。56.答案：B解析：副词Moreover类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意。57.答案：B解析：switch topics（变换标题）属于修改作品的一部分。动词discuss（讨论）、exhaust（汲干、使筋疲力尽）、cover（覆盖、包含）都不符题意。本题难度适中。58.答案：D解析：名词drafting（起草）、rearranging（重新安排）、performing（表演）都与题意不符。名词training.

81、（培训）在本句表示“排练”，与上文dress rehearsals / tryouts同义。本题难。59.答案：C解析：名词audience（观众）与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。名词director（导演）、master（主人、大师）、visitor（来访者）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。60.答案：B解析：形容词valuable表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有价值的新信息”。形容词personal（个人的）、basic（基本的）、delicate（娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的）都与题意不符。本题难度适中。61.答案：A解析：动词mix在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的

82、有效性和适当性融合在一起”。本题难。62.答案：D解析：形容词clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰”，与下文confuse readers对应。形容词amazing（令人惊讶的）、bright（明亮的、聪明的）、unique（独特的）与题意不符。本题难度适中。63.答案：C解析：后句名称facts、opinions、inferences都属于information，与上句newly discovered information对应。本题难度适中。64.答案：A解析：形容词unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使读者困惑、误导读者。形容词uninterest

83、ing（单调的、乏味的）、concrete（具体的）、final（最终的、决定性的）都与题意不符。本题难。 （4）Most people believe they dont have much imagination. They are _50_. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to _51_ it. Creativity isnt always _52_ with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in the

84、ir free time _53_ think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.Making connections This technique involves taking _54_ ideas and trying to find links between them. Fi

85、rst, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words _55_ with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the _5

86、6_ to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original _57_; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the nightNo limits! Imagine that normal limitations dont _58_. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new _59_. If

87、your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now _61_ this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else! Look at the situation from a _62_ point of view

88、. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why cant she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yoursel

89、f in their _64_. The best fishermen think like fish!50.A. wrongB. unbelievableC. reasonableD. realistic 51.A. put up withB. catch up withC. make use ofD. keep track of52.A. equippedB. comparedC. coveredD. connected53.A. skillfullyB. routinelyC. vividlyD. deeply54.A. familiarB. unrelatedC. creativeD.

90、 imaginary55.A. presentedB. markedC. litD. associated56.A. ideasB. ambitiousC. achievementD. technique57.A. experienceB. serviceC. presentD. object58.A. workB. lastC. existD. change59.A. possibilitiesB. limitationsC. tendencyD. practice60.A. in factB. in particularC. as a wholeD. for example61A. dev

91、oteB. adaptC. leadD. keep62.A. privateB. globalC. differentD. practical63.A. featuresB. themesC. creaturesD. characters64A. positionsB. dreamsC. imagesD. directions答案及解析：50.【答案】A【解析】从文章的前三句话即可顺利选出答案。选项的译文：A.错误的B.不可信的、难以置信的C.合情合理的D.现实的51.【答案】C【解析】解决这道试题的关键在于弄明白句子：forget how to 51 it.中的代词it的代指对象，结合上文可

92、知代替imagination。选项的译文：A.容忍B.赶上C.利用D.跟踪52.【答案】D【解析】所给的四个答案均可以和介词with搭配构成固定短语，但是意思完全不相同，只要能记住意思即可选出答案。选项的译文：A.配备B.比较C.覆盖D.联系53. 答案】B【解析】直接从句子的结构中可以看出需要的副词应该是routinely。选项的译文：A.技巧娴熟地B.惯常地C.生动地D.深深地54.【答案】B【解析】首先应该明白所给的四个答案的意思分别是什么；还要结合上下语境，尤其是绿色的句子，由此可以晓得答案。选项的译文：A.熟悉的B.无关的、不相干的C.创造性的D.想象的55. 【答案】D【解析】结合

93、具体语境 55 with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc.可知叙述的都是和上文举得例子：for example, a candle. 相关的内容，另外所选答案还要能够和介词：with连用，故此可知答案。选项的译文：A.呈现、提出B.标志、标记C.点燃D.相关的56. 【答案】A【解析】由上文：Write down all the idea/words以及选项所在的句子可以确定答案的选择方向：符合语境，照顾上下文。A.主意、想法B.野心、雄心C.成就D.技巧57. 【答案】C【解析】由语境：So imagine yo

94、u want to buy a friend an original 57 ; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night. 尤其是红体字可知多选答案应该能够充当动词：buy的宾语，再结合所给答案可知选present最佳。选项的译文：A.经历、经验B.服务C.礼物D.物体、实物58【答案】C【解析】由本段的开头一句话：NO limits! 可知本段的中心应该围绕该话题展开的，同时可以参看所给答案来选择。选项的译文：A.工作、凑效B.持续、延续C.存在D.改变59.【答案】A【解析】结合具体语境：Think a

95、bout your goal and the new 59 .以及句子中的and可知选项应该和your goal并列，选项的译文：A.可能性、发展前途B.限度、限制C.趋势D.练习、惯常做法60. 【答案】D【解析】答此类试题的关键在于所给答案的意思应该做到心中明了，这就要求我们要加强平时的记忆。选项的译文：A.事实上B.尤其C.总的来说D.例如61.【答案】B【解析】结合具体语境：Now 61 this to reality. 尤其是介词to可知：该题答案应该能够和介词to搭配，下一步就是意思的区别了。选项的译文：A.奉献B.使适应C.导致D.保持62.【答案】C【解析】此题的测试方法和上面

96、的第58题如出一辙，只要用心都会注意到该段的开头一句话：Be someone else! 充当的作用：总领该段。故此选答案时应该照顾上下文。选项的译文：A.私人、个人德B.全球的C.不同的D.切实可行的63.【答案】D【解析】由具体语境： Fiction writers often imagine they are the 63 in their books. 可知答案的选择方向。选项的译文：A.特色B.主体C.生物D.特点、特征、人物、角色。64.【答案】A【解析】由具体语境:If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their

97、64 . 中的关键词：yourself和their可以称为题眼，也就是解答此题的切入点。选项的译文：A.位置B.梦想C.形象D.方向 实战演练 (1)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Scientists in Norway have more good news for cof

98、fee drinkers.Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss,_1_ones risk of developing some diseases,promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce ones risk of premature death,among many other_2_. Now comes word tha

99、t a cup of_3_reduces physical pain.The surprising finding is_4_a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to finish office work.The tasks were known to _5_ pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms, and wrists. The researchers wanted to _6_ how pe

100、ople with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test to avoid_7_effects of caffeine lack,e.g.decreased vigor and alertness,sleepiness,and exhaustion. they reported.When it came t

101、ime to analyze the data the researchers from Norways National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower_8_of pain than the 29 people who didnt.In the shoulders and neck,_9_,the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-po

102、int scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers.Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured,and coffees apparent pain-reducation effect_10_.However,the authors of the study,which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes,warn that the results of the st

103、udy come with many_11_.For starters,the researchers dont know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer task._12_,they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were_13_in all respects expect for their coffee consumption.Problems like these tend to_14_th

104、e importance of the findings.But those doubts are_15_to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.1.A.take B.reduce C.increase D.face2.A.profits B.advices C.benefits D.promotions3.A.milk B.water C.coke D.coffee4.A.based on B.fond of C.different

105、from D.qualified for5.A.cause B.endure C.ease D.relieve6.A.warm B.compare C.cure D.treat7.A.unpleasant B.modest C.significant D.positive8.A.tendency B.intention C.intensity D.extension9.A.on the contrary B.as a result C.for instance D.in one word10.A.turned up B.took up C.put up D.gave up11.A. quant

106、ities B.uncertainties C.consequences D.qualifications12.A.Moreover B.However C.Otherwise D.Nevertheless13.A.contemporary B.similar C.different D.initial14. A.realize B.attach C.demonstrate D.weaken15.A.unlikely B.sensible C.jealous D.miserable15. BCDAA 610. BACCA 1115. BABDA (2)Directions: For each

107、blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Are you a graduate trying to plan out the best career path for yourself? Here, some tips are given on how to go about it. A university degree is

108、no _1_ of a job, and job hunting in itself requires a whole set of skills. If you find you are not getting past the first interview, ask yourself what is happening. Is it a(n) _2_ to communicate or are there some skills you lack? And find out what you need to do to bring yourself up to the level of

109、_3_ that would make you more attractive to them. Do not be too discouraged if you are _4_ for a job, but think about the reasons the employers give. Those who made the second interview might have been studying the same subject as you and be of _5_ ability level, but they had something which made the

110、m a _6_ match to the selectors ideal. That could be experience gained through projects or vacation work, or it might be that they were better at communicating what they could offer. Do not take the comments at _7_value: think back to the interviews that generated them and make a list of where you th

111、ink the shortfall in your performance lies. With this sort of analytical approach you will eventually get your foot in the door. Deciding how long you should stay in your first job is a tough call. Stay too long and future employers may question your _8_ and ambition. Of course, it depends on where

112、you are aiming. If you are a graduate, spending five or six years in the same job is not too long provided that you take full advantage of the _9_. However, do not use this as a(n) _10_ for lacking interest or enthusiasm. Graduates sometimes fail to take ownership of their careers and take the initi

113、ative. It is up to you to make the most of whats available within a company, and to monitor your progress in case you need to _11_. This applies particularly if you are still not sure where your career path lies. It is helpful to think through what kind of experience you need to get your _12_ job an

114、d it is not a problem to move around to a certain extent. But in the _13_ stages of your career you need a definite strategy for reaching your goal, so think about that carefully before deciding to step forward from your first job. You must cultivate _14_ to be competent for any role. You are not su

115、re whether you will get adequate training, and research has shown that if you do not receive proper help in a new role, it can take 18 months to _15_ it. 1. A. inputB. causeC. guaranteeD. preparation2.A. failureB. keyC. introductionD. contribution3.A. highlightB. commentC. fluencyD. qualification4.

116、A. askedB. refusedC. headedD. helped5.A. differentB. highC. similarD. low6.A. closerB. betterC. strongerD. poorer7.A. depthB. faceC. dataD. test8. A. characterB. personalityC. behaviorD. drive9.A. knowledgeB. experienceC. skillD. loyalty10.A. substituteB. equivalentC. excuseD. requirement11.A. pass

117、byB. switch onC. move onD. stick to12. A. part-timeB. dream C. secureD. well-paid13.A. criticalB. lastC. middleD. early14.A. patienceB. loveC. habitsD. friendship15.A. knowB. prohibitC. masterD. select1-5. CADBC 610. ABDBC 1115. CBDAC (3)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are

118、four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Women, I have always felt, are the backbone of the world. Only they have the 1 and means to bring the miracle of life to Earth. Throughout history, they have been the caretakers and nur

119、turers. Women work alongside men in the fields, in the factories, in the offices and then _2 homenot to put their feet up in front of the television like their husbands, but to set dinner on the table and 3 their families.There is nothing women cannot 4 .I wont debate that women are superior to men

120、or inferior to men. Ill simple say that to be a woman is one of the greatest honors that can be accorded to a person. To be a woman is to be blessed with the natural 5 , understanding, and supernatural love of a mother. To be a woman is to be simultaneously strong and soft in body. To be a woman is

121、to have the possibility of being 6 .There is nothing women cannot deal with. Women today need to realize that. Especially in todays world societies where women 7 receive equal rights as men, women need only to make the most of their talents and assets in order to get what they want. And if they set

122、their minds on something and fully strive for it, the sky is the 8 .Women were born tailored for 9 .It doesnt matter what a womans particular talent is. If she is skilled with a pencil and paper, she can become a famous author or a successful journalist. If she is handy with math, she can become the

123、 CEO of a big investment company. If she has a flair for drama, she can become the next Gong Li. If she has a knack for chemicals and equations, she can discover a 10 for cancer. If her best asset is her friendly personality, she can become a popular talk show host. If she is simply very 11 , she ca

124、n be the new cover model of Vogue. All very different scenarios, but all success.Every women was born tailored for accomplishment, no matter their talents are, 12 , the talent isnt even visiblebut its definitely there. Women must simply remember that they are capable forces to be reckoned with and t

125、hat they have a right to participate in the activities of the world. They must be forceful, determined, and assertive. They cannot shy back and accept the minor jobs that men dont 13 and leave for them. If women want to be kindergarten teachers, thats wonderful. Kindergarten teachers are important a

126、nd 14 members of the community. If women want to stay at home and simply mothers, thats fantastic. Being a mother is one of the hardest careers in the world. 15 it is vital that they understand that they are not limited to these options.As long as women are aware that anything is theirs for the taki

127、ng, there should be no stopping them. 1. A. brain B. strength C. honor D. heart2. A. build B. leave C. return D. own3. A. take care of B. look down upon C. put up with D. make use of4. A. think B. learn C. provide D.do5. A. sensitivity B. attention C. sympathy D. patience6. A. nothing B. something C

128、. anything D. everything 7. A. increasingly B. generally C. admittedly D. inevitably8. A. edge B. limit C. obstacle D. stage9. A. fashion B. bravery C. love D. success10. A. way B. key C. secret D. cure11. A. pretty B. tall C. confident D. special12. A. However B. Besides C. Sometimes D. Furthermore

129、13. A. want B. ignore C. fit D. create14. A. unapproachable B. incomprehensible C. irreplaceable D. inaccessible15. A. So B. But C. For D. As答案：15 BCADA 610 CBBDD 1115 ACACB (4)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blan

130、k with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines; a never-ending flood of words. In getting a job

131、 advancing, the ability to read and comprehend _1_ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _2_ readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never _3_ them. The main shortage lies in the actual stuff of language itse

132、lf words. Taken individually, words have little_4_ until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, _5_, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously read one word at a time, often regressing to _6_ words or passages. Regression, the tendenc

133、y to look back over what you have just read, is a common _7_ habit in reading. Another bad habit which _8_ the speed of reading is vocalization sounding each word either _9_ or mentally as one reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a

134、bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set a slightly _10_ rate than the reader finds comfortable, in order to “_11_” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically _12_. At first comprehensi

135、on is _13_ speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill _14_ improved after some training. Take Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good

136、 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can go through a lot more reading material in a(n) _15_ period of time. 1. A. quicklyB. silentlyC. thoroughlyD. vaguely 2.A. casual B. curious C. efficientD. poor 3.A. acquire B. cultiva

137、teC. kick D. practice4.A. formation B. meaningC. pronunciationD. transformation5.A. howeverB. moreover C. somehowD. therefore6.A. recite B. reread C. reuse D. rewrite 7.A. horrible B. incurableC. social D. viewing 8.A. achievesB. gainsC. measuresD. reduces 9.A. orallyB. physically C. quietly D. repe

138、atedly 10.A. better B. fasterC. lower D. steadier 11.A. distractB. embarrassC. interestD. stretch12.A. demanding B. impossibleC. reasonableD. useful 13.A. applied toB. matched withC. sacrificed forD. substituted for14.A. dramatically B. hardlyC. slightlyD. subconsciously 15.A. indefiniteB. lengthyC. limitedD. set 答案：1-5.ADCBA6-10. BADAB11-15. DBCAC