专题04 阅读理解说明文.docx

1、 专题04 阅读理解说明文&议论文-2022年江苏省中考真题分类详解（牛津译林版）【阅读理解说明文&议论文考情分析】苏州市C篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一青藏铁路。无议论文扬州市A篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三种不同的湿地，不同的湿地有不同的植物和动物，而且湿地很重要，所以我们要采取行动保护湿地。D篇是一篇说明文，讲述中国航天科工集团有限公司的研究员研发的世界上首个机器鲸鲨的主要特点和用途。无议论文宿迁市B篇是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统手工艺品油纸伞的发展情况。C篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国公布的首批五个国家公园的情况。无议论文连云港市C篇是一篇说明文，介绍了几种学习新单

2、词的方法。D篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界著名奇观马尾瀑布(HorsetailFall), 也叫“火瀑布”。无议论文无锡市D篇是一篇说明文，主要讲述了动物界共生的相关知识。B篇是一篇议论文，主要讲述了远离学习疲倦的一些建议。泰州市C篇是一篇说明文，主要告诉我们通过实验可以得到正确的结论。D篇是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字化技术可以帮助我们探索古代艺术品的奥妙，同时也使它们得到更好的保护。无议论文徐州市C篇是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的相关信息。无议论文镇江市C篇是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用。无议论文常州市D篇是一篇说明文，本文介绍了抑郁症正在伤害全世界

3、约2.8亿人，以及一些有关抑郁症的治疗措施等。无议论文【真题详解】2022年苏州市中考英语阅读理解真题CAll aboard! Lets take a ride on the worlds highest railwaythe Qinghai-Tibet Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime. Were leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all o

4、f China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window. Before we begin our journey, lets learn about this amazing railway. Its truly one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 20

5、06, the Tibet Railway set nine world records, including the worlds highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the worlds highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905 metres, and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻土）.As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 6

6、0 percent of the oxygen which we are used to breathing. But dont be afraid. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like those used in planes. Here are a few more things to

7、 think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing

8、as the weather warms and cools. Finally, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境）in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature. All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Tibet is leavin

9、g in fifteen minutes.18. Where are the passengers?A. On a bus.B. On a train.C. On a ship.D. On a plane.19. How does the text show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?A. By telling a story.B. By using a designers words.C. By introducing its world records.D. By comparing the present with the past.20

10、. How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.21. Which of the following increased the difficulty of building the railway?A. The changing ground.B. The polluted air.C. The dangerous animals.D. The hot weather.【答案】18. B19. C20. B21. A【解析】本文主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一青藏铁路。

11、【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“Were leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China”可知，乘客现在在火车站，故选B。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Tibet Railway set nine world records”以及“The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railwa

12、y. First., Second,.Finally.”可知，第三段是通过介绍它的世界纪录来展示它的惊人之处的，故选C。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据“Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems”可知，每节车厢都有两个独立的氧气系统，故选B。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen”可知，高海拔使任务变得困难，因为没有足够的氧气，故选A。2022年扬州市中考英语阅读理解真题AWetla

13、nds are any land that is flooded with shallow water all or most of the time. They are a natural water holding system.There are many types of wetlands. Among them bogs, marshes and swamps are the three main types. The different types of wetlands have different kinds of plants. Only mosses(苔藓)and a fe

14、w other kinds of plants can grow in bogs. Grassy plants like cattails（香蒲）and reeds(芦苇)are the most common plants in a marsh. A swamp is a forest whose ground is underwater all or most of the time. Unlike bogs or marshes, a swamp is full of trees and bushes. Its not a good idea to go exploring a swam

15、p without a guide. There are hidden pools of water, thick mud, and sometimes big crocodiles(鳄鱼)looking for their next meal.Hungry crocodiles arent the only animals that make the wetlands their home. Otters, turtles, frogs, snakes and many other animals do too. The water is home to many kinds of fish

16、 and crabs. Birds, including ducks, geese and cranes, use wetlands seasonally during their long migrations.Wetlands are important because they provide habitats for plants and animals. A wetland system can also protect shorelines, make polluted waters clean, prevent floods, and restore underground wa

17、ter supplies.According to WWF, more than half of the worlds wetlands have disappeared since the beginning of the 20th century. If this continues, countless plant and animal species will surely die out. Without wetlands, cities have to spend more money treating water. Dont feel helpless. Try to do yo

18、ur part to protect them right now. Here are some ideas.31. According to Paragraph 2, what can you see in a swamp?A. Mosses.B. Cattails.C. Reeds.D. Trees.32. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Wetlands are a man-made water holding system.B. There are three types of wetlands i

19、n the world.C. People can not meet with big crocodiles in wetlands.D. Wetlands can protect shorelines and prevent floods.33. What is the writer probably going to talk about after Paragraph 5?A. What are the different types of wetlands?B. What will happen if wetlands disappear?C. What actions can peo

20、ple take to protect wetlands?D. What other kinds of plants and animals live in wetlands?【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C【解析】本文主要介绍了三种不同的湿地，不同的湿地有不同的植物和动物，而且湿地很重要，所以我们要采取行动保护湿地。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“ a swamp is full of trees and bushes”可知在沼泽地里有树木和灌木。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“ wetland system can also protect shorelines, mak

21、e polluted waters clean, prevent floods”可知湿地系统还可以保护海岸线、防止洪水。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Try to do your part to protect them right now. Here are some ideas”可知接下来会介绍应如何保护湿地。故选C。DResearchers at China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp a State-owned defense contractor, have developed and made the worlds first

22、robot whale shark（鲸鲨）.The robotic shark has been on display in an aquarium（水族馆）at Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park since January.A whale shark is a slow-moving carpet shark and the largest known living fish.Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory, the underwater robot is 4.7

23、 meters long, weighs 350 kilograms and can move 42 meters a minute.Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real shark by moving its mechanical fins（鳍）. The mouth and gills（鳃）can also open and close like a sharks. The biomimetic shark is made of sensors（传感器）, multi-join

24、t fins, batteries, and systems which enable it to avoid whats in the way in all directions.“The robot can reach a depth of 10 meters and work for as long as 10 hours,” said Fang Xuelin, a senior researcher in charge of the robot shark program.“The shark can be remotely controlled and can also swim b

25、ased on preset programs or its own sensors,” he said.“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far,” Fang added. “Our robots are to serve three purposesto perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about th

26、e sea and aquatic（水生的）animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection.”“The factory now plans to develop more types of aquatic robots, including some extinct mammals（哺乳动物）, for display in parks and schools. It

27、 will also promote the products to businesses engaged in fields such as underwater salvage and mineral prospecting,” he said.42. The whale shark on display is _.A. the worlds first robotB. the largest living fishC. a 7.4-meter-long sharkD. a robotic shark43. What does the underlined word “biomimetic

28、”in Paragraph 5 mean?A. 仿生的B. 虚拟的C. 杂交的D. 变异的44. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The shark is the first mechanical fish made at the factory.B. Powered by a lithium battery, the shark can swim without stopping.C. The factory has built multiple kinds of robot fishes includin

29、g the shark.D. The factory has developed some extinct mammals for display in parks.45. What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. The limits of the aquatic robots.B. The purposes of the aquatic robots.C. The progress in making aquatic robots.D. The steps to developing aquatic robots.【答案】42. D 43. A

30、44. C 45. B【解析】本文讲述中国航天科工集团有限公司的研究员研发的世界上首个机器鲸鲨的主要特点和用途。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“the worlds first robot whale shark”可知，展览的是世界上第一个机器鲸鲨。故选D。【43题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Designed and built by engineers at the Shenyang-based No 111 Factory”及第五段“Powered by a lithium battery, it can swim, turn, float and dive like a real

31、 shark”可知，鲸鲨是工程师设计和制作出来的，像真实的鲨一样可以游泳，转弯，漂浮和潜水。“biomimetic”表达“仿生的”。故选A。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“We have built multiple kinds of robot fishes, and the robotic whale shark is the largest mechanical fish we have made so far”可知，工厂已经建了很多种类的机器鱼，机器鲸是目前制作的最大的机械鱼。C选项表述准确。故选C。【45题详解】段落大意题。根据“Our robots are to serv

32、e three purposesto perform in aquariums for entertainment, spread knowledge about the sea and aquatic animals among youngsters, and carry out scientific tasks such as hydrological surveys, underwater photography and environmental inspection”可知，第八段主要讲述了制作水生机器鱼的目的。故选B。2022年宿迁市中考英语阅读理解真题BThe oil paper

33、umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）. It has a history of over 1,000 years in ChinaIn early Tang Dynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “Tang Umbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and

34、each had its own style. However, as steel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, the hand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were Turned into decorative artifacts（装饰性工艺品）.Yuhang in Hangzhou is known for making oil paper umbrellas for more than 230 years. They a

35、re mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）. They need to take more than 70 steps to make, including making bamboo ribs, pesting papers（糊纸）and painting patterns（图案）. It takes at least a week to make per umbrella. In 2008, these umbrellas were added to Intangible Cultural Heri

36、tage List（非物质文化遗产名录）of China.A young man called Liu Weixue learned the traditional art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas from his grandfather. “I want to bring the art to life.” Liu said. He improved the umbrellas to win the hearts of young people. As the traditional paper was easy to break, he s

37、tarted to use a kind of thicker paper. In a test, his umbrellas were opened and closed for 1,000 times without breaking. He used a kind of lighter bamboo to make the umbrellas weigh less.Now Liu hopes the art can be passed on. He goes to local schools to teach students. He also goes to events in dif

38、ferent places to promote（推广）the art.34. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. The history of oil paper umbrellas.B. The styles of oil paper umbrellas.C. The design of oil paper umbrellas.D. The ways of using oil paper umbrellas.35. What is an oil paper umbrella mainly made of according to the pass

39、age?A. Wool,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.B. Plastic,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.C. Skin paper,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.D. Leather,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.36. Why did Liu Weixue learn the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas?A. Because he couldnt find a better job.B. Bec

40、ause he wanted to bring the art to life.C. Because young people liked the fashion.D. Because his grandfather told him to learn.37. Which part of a magazine is the passage probably from?A. Culture.B. Medicine.C. Music.D. Sports.【答案】34. A 35. C 36. B 37. A【解析】本文介绍了中国传统手工艺品油纸伞的发展情况。【34题详解】段落大意题。根据“The

41、oil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）.”可知，本段主要介绍了油纸伞的相关历史，故选A。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“They are mainly made of skin paper（皮纸）, bamboo, a coating of Tung oil（桐油）.”可知，油纸伞的主要材料有皮纸、竹子、桐油，故选C。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据“I want to bring the art to life.”可知，因为他想让艺术活起来，故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍油纸

42、伞的一些信息，应该是在杂志的文化板块能发现，故选A。CRecently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.Each of them is divided into two parts-the core（核心）protection area and the general control area. In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed. And the general c

43、ontrol area is open to the public, allowing travel activities such as camping and hiking. In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms. People can learn about different kinds of animals and plants through eco-friendly（环保的）travel activities.The national parks can also be helpfu

44、l to local people. The building of these national parks provides many jobs for local people. People living in or around the parks can work as park rangers（护林员）and guides. They can also sell some eco-friendly things with local colour. So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.Then lets take a look a

45、t the five national parks.Three River-Source National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau（青藏高原）, is the largest national park in China. Because it is home to the sources of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, people call it “Chinas water tower”.Northeast China Tiger and Leopard（豹）National Park is

46、in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. It covers an area of 14,100 square kilometres. It is our countrys biggest and only place for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards to live in. Wuyi Mountain National Park in Fujian Province is a UNESCO natural and cultural heritage site（遗址）. The forest makes up

47、over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects. You can also see the Danxia landform（地貌）there.Giant Panda National Park connects panda habitats（栖息地）in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. Inside the park are more than 1,600 wild gian1 panda

48、s. They make up over 70 percent of the pandas in China.Hainan Tropical（热带的）Rainforest National Park is the largest tropical forest in China. There are more than 400 kinds of plants that can only be found in Hainan. The worlds only 35 Hainan gibbons（长臂猿）live there.38. What activity can be done in the

49、 core protection area?A. Hunting.B. Researching.C. Hiking.D. Camping.39. What can we know from paragraph 3?A. Building the national parks only needs rangers and guides.B. Farming makes local people improve their yearly incomes.C. Visitors can buy anything with local color in the national parks.D. Lo

50、cal people can get much advantage from the national parks.40. What does the underlined word “paradise” in the form above mean?A. A perfect place.B. A happy feeling.C. A good example.D. A sweet smile.41. What might be the best title for the passage?A. The beautiful scenes of natureB. The home of anim

51、als and plantsC. The introduction to the five national parksD. The relationships among the five national parks【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C【解析】本文主要介绍了中国公布的首批五个国家公园的情况。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据“In the core protection area, only research and surveillance（监视）in science are allowed.”可知，在核心保护区，只允许进行科学研究和监测，故选B。【39题详

52、解】细节理解题。根据“The national parks can also be helpful to local people.So their yearly incomes（收人）will grow a lot.”可知，建立国家公园对当地人也有好处，故选D。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据“The forest makes up over 96 percent of the park. The park is the paradise of birds, kingdom（王国）of snakes and world of insects.”可知，森林占公园的96%以上。公园是鸟类的天堂，蛇

53、的王国，昆虫的世界，所以单词“paradise”指的是“天堂”，即完美之地，故选A。【41题详解】最佳标题题。根据“Recently, China has announced the list of the first five national parks.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍五个国家公园的情况，故选C。2022年连云港市中考英语阅读理解真题CDid you know that vocabulary (词汇) is more important than grammar? If you have good vocabulary, you can communicate succ

54、essfully, even if the grammar is not completely perfect.However，one common problem is learning new words and then forgetting them. So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you cant remember it at that moment. Does this often happen to you? The reason for this difficulty is that most stu

55、dents try to learn vocabulary by studying lists and dictionaries and remembering the words. But it may not work if you dont have a very good memory.The best way to learn vocabulary and remember the words successfully, is to learn new words and use them at once. You can do this with a very simple exe

56、rcise. Every time you learn a new word, for example, from an English lesson or an article, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation , one example sentence from the articl

57、e or dictionary and one example sentence that you create.Imagine you just learn the word “ generous write in your vocabulary notebook : generous ( adjective), definitiongiving or willing to give freely. Example one, from the article: Thanks forpaying for my dinner, youre very generous. Example two,

58、my example: My brother is generous because he volunteers at the animal shelter on weekends. It s best if your example sentences are true to your life ,because this creates a personal connection with the new word. The next day, read your vocabulary notebook again and try to add one more example sente

59、nce using the new word. Its helpful for you to remember it. These two simple stepswriting the word and using it at oncehelp you remember and use new words.Do you have a vocabulary notebook? If not, start now.38. What does the underlined word“it” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The problem.B. The new word

60、.C. The conversation.D. The dictionary.39. What s the correct order of the following steps of taking vocabulary notes?Make your own example sentence.Write the word, its English definition or translation.Copy an example sentence from the article or dictionary.Read your notebook again and add one more

61、 example sentence.A.B.C.D.40. How can we make the best example sentences according to the writer?A. By asking for help from friends.B. By explaining words definitions.C. By connecting them with our lifeD. By adding words from the article.41. Whats the best title for the passage?A. Tips for Translati

62、ng WordsB. Advice on Using GrammarC. Abilities of Creating ExamplesD. Ways of Learning New Words【答案】BACD【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了几种学习新单词的方法。38. B。词义猜测题，根据文中划线的it前后文“So when you want to use a new word in a conversation, you cant remember it at that moment. ”可知it指代的是新单词，答案选B。39.A。排序题，根据文中第三段“for example, from a

63、n English lesson or an article, write it down in your vocabulary notebook. Writing is more active than just reading a definition (释义). You should write the word, the definition in English or translation , one example sentence from the article or dictionary and one example sentence that you create.”可

64、知答案选A。40.C。细节题，根据文中第四段“ It s best if your example sentences are true to your life ,because this creates a personal connection with the new word. ”可知答案选C。41.D。最佳标题题，根据文中第一段和最后一段内容可知文章主介绍的是学习英语新单词的方法，答案选D。DThe Horsetail Fall (瀑布) is one of Yosemite National Parks most amazing views. Around the second

65、week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red-hot lava ( 熔岩) pouring down from the top of the EI Capitan. So, it got

66、the name“firefall .The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days.There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on war

67、m afternoons.The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February. And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfe

68、ct to set up cameras and tents.Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time.“I m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall

69、 is something you dont want to miss during the winter, says Kate Moore, a traveller and the lead content creator for ParkedInP.42. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us .A. how the firefall got its nameB. why its easy to see the firefallC. who was the first to find the firefallD. on which day we can visit the

70、 firefall43. What can we know about the firefall?A. It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.B. It usually appears on wet，warm and cloudy days.C. Rivers provide enough flowing water to make a fall.D. Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.44. From the words of Kate Moore, we can in

71、fer thatA. the firefall is worth seeingB. its dangerous to watch the firefallC. the firefall brings little surpriseD. its a waste of time to visit the firefall45. Whats the theme of the passage?A. Art.B. Nature.C. Technology.D. History.【答案】ADAB【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界著名奇观马尾瀑布(HorsetailFall), 也叫“火瀑布”。42.

72、A。段落大意题，根据文章第一段的内容，可知它介绍的是这个火瀑布是如何得到它这样一个名字的。43. D。细节题，根据文章第三段“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.”可知答案选D。44. A。推断题，根据最后一段Kate Moore说的话 “I m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you dont wan

73、t to miss during the winter,可知答案选A。45. B。主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍的是火瀑布，属于自然系列的内容，可知答案选B。2022年无锡市中考英语阅读理解真题BStudying is not always the most interesting task within your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required, everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying. Although this is a com

74、mon problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.Find a suitable place to study.Make sure you are in a place that is free of distraction(分心). Distractions will actually cause you to become more bored because you are reminded of the things you could be doing other t

75、han studying.Make a plan.Plan first. List what you need to get completed and how long you need to complete it. If you know when you can go back to play sports or talk to your friends, you will be more likely to fix your attention on studies.Mix up your topics.Change up the topics that you are studyi

76、ng. Mix up what you study every half an hour to an hour or so to avoid boredom. For example, study history for 45 minutes, maths for 45 minutes, and English for 45 minutes. Make sure you dont spend all your time on one subject.Take notes as you go.Take a notebook out and write down important notes w

77、hile you are reading an article in a textbook. Not only will it help keep you engaged, you will also be learning more because you process the information once as you read it and then again as you synthesize the information to write down.28. Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken

78、 from?A. Study. B. Health.C. Science.D. Culture.29. Which word is the most suitable for ?A. tripB. timeC. businessD. lunch30. The passage is mainly about _.A. how to learn different subjectsB. how to study without getting boredC. how to read an article in a text bookD. how to choose a proper place t

79、o study【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 【解析】本文主要讲述了远离学习疲倦的一些建议。28.A。推理判断题。根据“Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，此文与学习建议有关，因此在杂志的“学习部分”可以看到。故选A。29.B。推理判断题。根据“List what you need to get completed and how long you need to complete it.”和图片内容

80、可知，此处谈论时间计划，因此此处应该填“plan”。故选B。30.B。主旨大意题。根据“Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，主要讲述了一些关于如何学习而不感到无聊的建议。故选B。DHave you ever watched a show about the wild? A shark (鲨鱼) eats a seal! Lions run down a gazelle! Is all nature like th

81、at? All about eating and blood? Or is that just what keeps our eyes glued to the TV screen? Lets look at sonic living things who work with each other instead of ripping each other apart.When a lion kills a gazelle, it wants to eat as much as it can and maybe share the rest with its family. There are

82、 some living things that will take small pieces of another living things body. Parasitism is when one living thing gets its energy from another living thing, does not give anything back, and hurts the thing its taking things from.Now lets get a little nicer. Sometimes a living thing will live off th

83、e body of another living thing without hurting it. They do not steal anything. They do not bite. Commensalism is when two living things live together and one gets good things out of it while the other is not hurt by it. Have you seen a picture of a whale (鲸) with rocky white things stuck to its skin

84、? Those are barnacles(藤壶). They attach themselves to the whale, so nothing will try to eat them and they can eat things that float by.Now lets get really nice. While sharks are biting and lions are fighting, are there any animals that just get along? Yes! Actually, there are many. Mutualism is when

85、two living things work together and both get good things out of it. Bees and flowers are the most common example. Without flowers, bees could not make honey. Without bees, flowers could not make new seeds. Its win-win for these two. There are lots of animals that get along. Birds will live on the ba

86、cks of zebras and eat the ticks that are drinking the zebras blood. The bird gets food. The zebra gets its ticks taken away. In some of these cases, one animal could not live without the other.We use the word “Symbiotic (共生的)” for all of these kinds of relationships. Sometimes its good for one and b

87、ad for the other. Sometimes its just good for one. Sometimes its even good for both. So, it is nice to know that there are some living things out there that are finding ways to live together. We could pay attention to the animals that do not always make it on TV.34.The writer mentioned a TV show abo

88、ut the wild in Paragraph 1 to _.A. tell a storyB. solve a mysteryC. Introduce a subjectD. discuss a programme35. Which of the following best describes the relationship between bees and flowers?A. Neighbours.B. Friends.C. Strangers. D. Partners.36. How does the writer develop the passage?A. By showin

89、g pictures.B. By giving examples.C. By presenting reasons. D. By drawing conclusions.37. What can we infer from the passage?A. The world of living things remains to be explored.B. More actions should be taken to protect living things.C. TV programmes about living things require to be improved.D. Mor

90、e money will be spent on documentaries about living things.【答案】34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A【解析】本文主要讲述了动物界共生的相关知识。34.C。 推理判断题。根据“Lets look at sonic living things who work with each other instead of ripping each other apart.”可知，第一段提及电视节目是为了引出文章主题；故选C。35.D。 推理判断题。根据“Mutualism is when two living things work

91、together and both get good things out of it. Bees and flowers are the most common example.”可知，互惠主义是指两个生物一起工作，都从中得到好处；因此花和蜂蜜的关系是一种合作关系；故选D。36.B。篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，作者一系列例子来阐述共生、寄生的概念；故选B。37. A。推理判断题。根据“So, it is nice to know that there are some living things out there that are finding ways to live togethe

92、r. We could pay attention to the animals that do not always make it on TV.”可知，生物世界还有待探索；故选A。2022年泰州市中考英语阅读理解真题CDaniel, Sandy and Simon are in the lab.Simon: Lets do an experiment. I fill a jar(罐子) with water. I cover the top with a piece of cardboard(纸板) and hold it there. Then I turn the jar upside

93、 down and take my hand off the cardboard. Can you guess what will happen? Daniel: I think the floor will get wet. We should do this experiment outside, Simon.Sandy: I think the cardboard will hold the water.Daniel: I dont think so.Sandy: You think the water will pour out, Daniel. I think the water w

94、ill stay in the jar. Lets do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.Simon: Good idea, Sandy. That is called the scientific method.Sandy: I am so sure of my opinion that Simon can do the experiment over your head and I know you wont get wet.Daniel: Well, lets try.Simon: Are you ready, Daniel

95、?Daniel: No! Wait! (He puts on a raincoat and sits down.) Now I think Im ready.Sandy: Simon, take your hand off the cardboard.Daniel: No! (Daniel closes his eyes tightly(紧紧地), and Simon takes his hand off the cardboard. The water stays in the jar.)Sandy: See, Daniel!Daniel: How is that possible?Simo

96、n: The force(力) of the air keeps the water in the jar. It is strong enough to hold the water.Daniel: Wow!Simon: So what have we discovered?Sandy: We have discovered the air pressure(压力) helps the cardboard hold the water in the jar.Simon: Right. What do you conclude, Daniel?Daniel: I conclude that a

97、ir is stronger than I thought.34. How does Daniel feel during the experiment?A. Excited.B. Nervous.C. Tired.D. Unhappy.35. What keeps the water in the jar according to the result of the experiment?A. Simons hand.B. The water pressure.C. The force of the air.D. The force of the jar.36. Which of the f

98、ollowing is the right order of the experiment according to the script? Put a piece of cardboard over the jar. Fill the glass jar with water, Take the hand off the cardboard. Turn the glass jar over quickly and hold the hand on the cardboard.A. B. C. D. 37. The underlined word “that” refers to(指的是) _

99、.A. Sandys guessingB. Daniels opinionC. doing an experimentD. discussing with others38. What does the script mainly tell us?A. Teamwork can help solve problems.B. Safety is important when doing experiments.C. The air pressure is always strong enough to hold the water.D. Correct conclusions can be go

100、t through doing experiments.【答案】34. B 35. C 36. A 37. C 38. D【解析】本文主要告诉我们通过实验可以得到正确的结论。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据“Daniel closes his eyes tightly(紧紧地), and Simon takes his hand off the cardboard. The water stays in the jar.”（丹尼尔紧紧闭上眼睛，西蒙把手从纸板上拿下来。水留在罐子里）可推断出丹尼尔是很紧张的，故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“The force(力) of the air k

101、eeps the water in the jar. It is strong enough to hold the water.”可知是大气压让水留在罐子里，故选C。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据“I fill a jar(罐子) with water.”可知把罐子里装满水是排在第一位；根据“I cover the top with a piece of cardboard(纸板) and hold it there.”可知用一张纸板盖住罐子排在第二位；根据“Then I turn the jar upside down and take my hand off the cardboard.

102、”可知迅速把玻璃罐翻过来排在第三位，然后把手从纸板上拿下来排在第四位，所以A选项正确。故选A。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Lets do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.”以及“That is called the scientific method.”可知此处的that是指做实验，故选C。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Lets do the experiment to test whose opinion is correct.”及“Good idea, Sandy. That is called the scientif

103、ic method.”可知文章主要告诉我们通过实验可以得到正确的结论，故选D。DAncient art doesnt have to be boring. Technology in the 21st century can help to bring it to life by combining(融合) the best of the old and the new.Along the River During the Qingming FestivalWalking into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people were

104、 amazed by seeing a huge digital(数码的) painting. Scientists digitized(数码化) the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festisal by Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.The original(原先的) painting shows life during the Northern Song period and it includes many details of ancient Chinese customs, lif

105、estyles and technology. Farmers work in the fields, sailors move around their boats and people eat and do business in restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画). You can see the wind blowing through the trees and across the water. These animations perfectly combine modern technolog

106、y and ancient art.Digital technology allows todays artists to express their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believe possible. Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection(投影) make art come alive.Dunhuang Cave PaintingsDunhuang Caves, which are protected ancient treasures in th

107、e Gobi desert in Northwest China, are filled with paintings and sculptures with lasting value. This artwork was created over a period of around 1,000 years.The good news is for art lovers who cannot travel and for the caves. Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital projection of the caves, w

108、hich makes the artwork come alive. There is also a function(功能) that lets viewers zoom in and enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. It also makes the whole world understand the art while protecting the original artwork

109、s for the future.39. From the passage, we can know that _.A. both of the two artworks use 3D digital projectionB. ancient art allows people to explore the modern technologyC. people cant go to Dunhuang to enjoy paintings and sculptures nowD. the digital painting, Along the River During the Qingming

110、Festival was created by Zhang Zeduan40. Which sentence may be the best to fill in the “_”?A. In the digital painting, a lot of these details are animated.B. In the digital painting, a lot of these scenes are well known.C. In the digital painting, more details of the art can be enjoyed.D. In the digi

111、tal painting, many different styles of art can be seen.41. The underlined phrase “zoom in” means _ in Chinese.A. 使(镜头)抬高B. 使(镜头)拉近C. 使(镜头)俯视D. 使(镜头)远离42. From the passage, we can infer(推断) that _.A. studying ancient art as much as possible is very necessaryB. good art must combine modern technology

112、and ancient artC. protecting the ancient artworks is more important than developing technologyD. more valuable ancient artworks will be protected better with technology in the future43. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Enjoying Ancient ArtB. Protecting Modern Technology

113、C. Digitising Ancient ArtD. Understanding Modern Technology【答案】39. A 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. C【解析】本文主要讲述了数字化技术可以帮助我们探索古代艺术品的奥妙，同时也使它们得到更好的保护。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据“Techniques such as animation and 3D digital projection(投影) make art come alive.”以及“ Scientists have created a 360-degree, 3D digital projection o

114、f the caves, which makes the artwork come alive”可知这两幅作品都使用了3D数字投影技术，故选A。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据“ Farmers work in the fields, sailors move around their boats and people eat and do business in restaurants. Parts of the background are also animated(做成动画)”（农民在田里干活，水手在船上走动，人们在餐馆吃饭和做生意。部分背景也会设置动画）可知此处是指作品里很多地方都是动

115、画化的，选项A符合语境，故选A。【41题详解】词义猜测题。根据“enjoy the paintings and sculptures in greater detail.”（更详细地欣赏绘画和雕塑。）可知，需要把镜头拉近才能更详细欣赏，故选B。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据“Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. It also makes the whole world understand the art while protecting the original artworks for the

116、 future.”（数字化古代艺术使我们能够探索古代的做法。 也让全世界都了解艺术，同时为未来保护原创艺术品。）可推知未来会有更多珍贵的古代艺术品通过技术得到更好的保护，故选D。【43题详解】最佳标题题。根据“Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the ancient practices. ”以及通读全文可知本文主要讲述了数字化技术可以帮助我们探索古代艺术品的奥妙，同时也使它们得到更好的保护，故选C。2022年徐州市中考英语阅读理解真题CFlying cars: flying high and reaching for the sky!Tra

117、ffic jam is almost every drivers headache. So its not surprising to see why the idea of turning cars into flying machines has been popular for years. The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a reality in the near future.Basic information A fly

118、ing car provides transport by both land and air. A few models of flying cars have already completed test flights.Advantages Reducing road traffic jams. Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars. Saving space on the ground for parks and other public spaces. Building an engine t

119、hat is powerful enough to lift and fly the car for a long time. Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather. Designing sky “roads” to manage the flow of traffic in the air. Making new traffic rules in the sky.38. How many advantages does the material tell us

120、about flying cars?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.39. Which word is the most suitable for ?A. Disadvantages.B. Possibilities.C. Contributions.D. Challenges.40. What do we learn from the material?A. People may drive flying cars in the near future.B. So far no flying cars have completed test flights.C

121、. There are some rules against the use of flying cars.D. Flying cars can be used on land, in water and in the air.41. Whats the main purpose of the material?A. To explain how to make flying cars.B. To introduce flying cars.C. To show the importance of flying cars.D. To advertise for flying cars.【答案】

122、38. B 39. D 40. A 41. B【解析】本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的相关信息。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据“Reducing road traffic jams Travelling across greater distances much faster than common cars Saving space on the ground for parks and other public spaces”可知有三个优点，故选B。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据“Building an engine that is powerful enough to lift and fly

123、the car for a long time；Creating a strong lightweight body so that the flying car can be used in any weather；Designing sky “roads” to manage the flow of traffic in the air；Making new traffic rules in the sky”（制造一个足够强大的发动机，可以长时间提升和驾驶汽车、打造结实轻盈的车身，让飞车可以在任何天气下使用、设计空中“道路”以管理空中交通流、制定空中新交通规则）可推知这些都是挑战，故选D。

124、【40题详解】细节理解题。根据“The flying cars can be seen in a lot of science fiction novels and films. Now the idea may become a reality in the near future.”可知飞行汽车可以在很多科幻小说和电影中看到。现在这个想法可能在不久的将来成为现实。所以A选项“在不久的将来，人们可能会驾驶飞行汽车。”符合文意，故选A。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据“A flying car provides transport by both land and air.”以及通读全文可知，文

125、章主要是介绍了飞行汽车的相关信息，故选B。2022年镇江市中考英语阅读理解真题COver 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).The chips have high qualities. They can deal with information accurately and quickly.

126、 They feature low power consumption. They provide a better user experience and easier management for the local companies. Now, several new models of shared electric bikes with Beidou-based chips have also started to be produced and put into market. Besides positioning and navigation, the chips will

127、help users and bike companies record user speed and battery condition of an electric bike. The possible crimes during the bike using will also be recorded.In fact, years ago, shared bike companies began to use positioning chips which worked well with both GPS and Beidou services. After the Beidou sy

128、stem became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more areas. The latest chips which are popular with bike companies are smaller and have more advantages over the old types.Since 2000, a total of 59 Beidou satellites have bee

129、n lifted from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province. After the final satellite was lifted in 2020, the system was completed and started providing global services. Beidou Satellite System is designed and developed by China and it is one of four global navigation networks, along with

130、 the United States GPS, Russias GLONASS and the European Unions Galileo.According to a research in 2022, by the end of 2021the total value connected with satellite navigation and positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese peopl

131、e now work at around 14.000 Chinas companies and organizations doing business connected with Beidou and other satellite navigation and positioning services.32. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The history of shared bikes.B. The qualities of shared bikes.C. The advantages of Beidou-based chips.D

132、. The producers of Beidou-based chips.33. What does the underlined word “installing” mean in Paragraph 3?A. putting awayB. putting offC. putting throughD. putting in34. How does the writer prove the value of satellite navigation and positioning services in Paragraph 5?A. By explaining reasonsB. By l

133、isting numbers.C. By comparing conditions.D. By introducing backgrounds.35. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Technology Shapes the Future of the ProductsB. Users Needs Drive the Growth of the ProductsC. Competition Lifts the Quality of the ProductsD. Service Increases the Sales of the Products

134、【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A【解析】本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用。【32题详解】段落大意题。根据“The chips have high qualities.”以及整段内容可知，本段主要是关于北斗芯片的优势。故选C。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据“After the Beidou system became fully in use in the summer of 2020, shared bike companies started installing Beidou-based chips on more bikes in more are

135、as.”可知北斗系统全面投入使用后，共享自行车公司开始在更多地区的更多自行车上安装基于北斗的芯片。只有D选项的putting in表示“安装”，故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“positioning services in China was 469 billion yuan, a 16.3-percent increase year-on-year. More than 500,000 Chinese people now work at around 14.000 Chinas companies”可知在第5段中，作者是通过列数字来证明卫星导航和定位服务的价值，故选B。【35题详解

136、】最佳标题题。根据“Over 5 million shared bikes in China are using services offered by Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). These shared bikes all use Beidou based positioning chips(芯片).”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了北斗卫星导航系统的优势，以及它的应用，选项A“技术塑造产品的未来”符合，故选A。2022年常州市中考英语阅读理解真题DBeing sad or in a low mood is a normal

137、(正常的) part of life. Many people feel down from time to time. For example, when people face challenging events in their lives, such as financial(经济的) difficulty or major changes, its common to feel down. But in most cases the bad feelings slowly disappear.As for depression(抑郁症), however, the bad mood

138、 lasts for weeks, months, or ever longer because it is a mental(精神的) illness. As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and gre

139、atly harms a persons ability at work or school or in the daily life. People with depression usually dont like to talk about their problems with others. More seriously, depression may even lead to the act of killing oneself.“Depression is not just a bout(一阵) of sadness or a sign of weakness, and you

140、cant just simply stop feeling depressed.” said the health news website .But depression is not a persons problem. Its also more common than most people think. It is hurting about 280 million people around the world, according to WHO.Though depression is worrying, we dont have to be afraid of it. Depr

141、ession can be treated by getting professional(专业的) help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both. In fact, when you begin to feel the danger of depression, you can try to deal with it early by yourself. Listening to music, doing some sports and drawing some pictures might help you feel better.

142、Another useful way is talk therapy. When we are attacked by a low mood, having a conversation with others is of great help. Being honest about how we feel does not make us weak, it makes us human.34. Who is most probably experiencing depression?A. Lily, who is going to have an important exam and has

143、nt slept well for 3 days.B. May, who dislikes her new school and has complained to her parents 3 times.C. Ben, who thinks life worthless and has cried alone over 3 times a week in the past month.D. Tom, who finds subjects hard and has talked to his teacher about it 3 times this week.35. What does th

144、e writer think of depression?A. Normal and nothing serious.B. Uncommon although harmful.C. Unavoidable and untreatable.D. Treatable although worrying.36. Whats the passage mainly about?A. Knowledge of depression.B. Ways of treating depression.C. Reasons for depression.D. Results of depression.【答案】34

145、. C 35. D 36. A【解析】本文介绍了抑郁症正在伤害全世界约2.8亿人，以及一些有关抑郁症的治疗措施等。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“As the World Health Organization(WHO) noted, depression is a mood disorder. It shows in different ways, including loss of interest in normal activities and feelings of low self-worth. It often lasts for a long time and greatly

146、harms a persons ability at work or school or in the daily life.”可知，抑郁症是一种情绪障碍。它以不同的方式表现出来，包括对正常活动失去兴趣和自我价值感低下，抑郁症患者通常不喜欢与他人谈论他们的问题，故选C。【35题详解】观点态度题。根据“Though depression is worrying, we dont have to be afraid of it. Depression can be treated by getting professional(专业的) help, taking medicine or a mixed treatment of both.”可知，虽然抑郁症令人担忧，但我们不必害怕它。抑郁症可以通过专业的帮助来治疗，服用药物或两者混合治疗，即虽然令人担忧但可以治疗，故选D。【36题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了什么是抑郁症、抑郁症的表现及抑郁症的治疗方法等，A最合适，B、C、D比较片面。故选A。