专题05 书面表达-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略 .docx

1、书面表达-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略 【明确考点】一、写作能力要求：1. 能正确地使用大小写字母和标点符号。2. 能运用所学基本词汇、语法和句型简单描述人物或事件。3. 能正确使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。4. 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的文段。二、写作材料选择：1. 与学生写作水平相当；2. 贴近学生生活； 3. 话题具体，目的明确；4. 有利于学生参与合作；5. 有趣味性和真实性。话题：1. 与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关的话题；2. 有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等方面的话题。 三、考查形式：命题作文；写信；写请假条；留言；看图作文。以上各种形

2、式在考查中多给出提示信息和参考词汇。【命题特点】叙事、说明与议论相结合，能对人物或事件进行描述，并表达观点；能根据图示或表格写出段落，并说明或发表看法；能使用信件、日记、演讲稿等实用文体传达信息；能描述系列图片，编写或续写简单的故事。【备考过程指导】1. 准备工作：仔细审题，明确要求。 罗列信息，认真分析，审清题意，列出要点。紧扣要点，寻求思路。 草拟提纲，确定开头，选词、造句，拟好结尾。（可适当发表自己的观点）2. 写作之中： 开门见山，紧扣主题。 语言正确、规范地道。 句型结构避免中国式英语。 如，I by bike to school. 标点符号 重短轻长，就易避难。 以写正确、通顺为最

3、低要求。过渡自然，表达流畅。 正确使用连词，保持行文流畅。 不重复使用可置换的词。适当评论，发表己见。 如：What a nice girl she is! We can learn from her. 3. 成文之后：一般语法项目的检查。 人称：Mr. Chen is my math teacher. She works very hard. 时态：I have visited my grandparents yesterday. 主谓一致：Everyone in our class work hard. 习惯用法：She often helps me in my English. 书写规范

4、，卷面整洁。【应试方法技巧指导】1. 首先要阅读提示，理清思路，做书面表达题的时候要认真仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，即包括哪些情景，内容和要求，明确题目有哪些要点，写作时要点必须齐备，要考虑用哪种体裁，是写记叙文，说明文还是应用文，用哪个人称表示，选择用什么时态，这样思路才能清晰一些。2. 紧扣要点，遣词造句，依据试题内容列出表达要点，找出能体现要点的短语和句型，如果是应用文体还应特别注意各种应用文格式的恰当性，造句应做到尽量使用考纲中要求的词汇。句子不要太长，句型也宜简不宜繁，尽可能学会套用现成的句式拓宽遣词造句的思路，力求做到选用自己熟练掌握的句型组织语言。3. 谋篇润色，核

5、对检查，基本完成短文后应注意句与句之间，段与段之间的过渡，在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、比较、时间的过渡词或短语，使文章更加自然流畅，必要时可分段，也会使文章增色不少。检查是书面表达不可缺少的重要内容，它可以及时纠正错误，避免不必要的失分，通读几遍文章看行文是否通顺，要点是否齐全，字数是否符合要求，体裁是否恰当，大小写字母，标点符号是否正确。例题1：保护环境，人人有责。可是你的朋友李扬却做得不够。请写一篇短文，说明他在环保方面的表现，并表明自己的态度。要点如下：1. 在学校，他不注意保持教室干净，不收集废纸废塑料瓶进行再利用，甚至乱扔垃圾。2. 在家，打扫房间，养盆栽，还在自家花园里种

6、树。 3. 适当发表自己的看法。 【答案】Taking care of our environment is very important. Wherever you live, you can do something useful around your neighbourhood. But my friend Li Yang hasnt done enough. He needs to do better in protecting the environment. At school, he hasnt kept his classroom clean and tidy. He als

7、o hasnt collected waste paper or bottles for recycling. Whats worse, he often throws rubbish around our school. I think it is not right to do so. At home he can do much better than at school. He cleans his bedroom every day. He keeps plants at home and plants trees in his garden. I think we should k

8、eep our home clean as well as our school. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.【解析】Structure（结构）：总分总Conjunctions（连接词）：but, also, whats worse, as well asTransitional sentence（承上启下的过渡性语句）：At home he can do much better than at school.

9、Good expressions（精彩词句）：Taking care of our environment is very important.Wherever you liveMy friend needs to do better in protecting the environment.Its + adj. + to do注意：一篇好的作文应该：1. 有好的开头和结尾，最好首尾能呼应。2. 正确地运用时态和语法。 3. 运用连词，使得行文流畅。4. 运用精彩的语句。例题2：根据中文大意和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。请不要写出你的校名

10、和姓名。某英文报纸就家务劳动（Housework）话题征文，请你投稿。 每个家庭都有许多家务，人人都应该学做一些。谈谈你经常帮父母做哪些家务，有什么体会，并打算在暑假为家里做什么。 提示词语：every family, lots of housework, learn to do, help, parents, be/feel proud of 【答案】Every family has lots of housework. Everyone should learn to do some of it. I often help my parents do housework such as w

11、ashing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers.I think Ive learned how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework. Sometimes cleaning all the windows is an enjoyable experience. I really feel proud of myself. And doing housework is also a kind of exercise. The summer holida

12、y is coming. Im going to learn how to cook some dishes. My parents will be happy to enjoy them. 【解析】题目为：某英文报纸就家务劳动（Housework）话题征文，请你投稿。文章要求的三个内容要点有梯度，谈谈你经常帮父母做哪些家务，属于初一语言运用范畴，用一般现在时和有关做家务的动词词组正确表达即可；有什么体会，属于初三语言运用范畴，要求考生根据自己的实际情况谈体会；打算在暑假为家里做什么，属于初二语言运用范畴，运用一般将来时和动词词组表达即可，写作能力的考查具有层次性。部分考生没有认真审题，因要点

13、不齐全（没有写体会的较多）而丢分。例题3：英语报正在举办以“We help ourselves by helping others”为主题的征文活动。请你通过自己的经历和感受，说明帮助别人也就是帮助自己。提示词：for example, ask for, find, with ones help, realize, do good to【答案】Everyone needs help and helping others is helping ourselves. One day, I went to a seniors home and noticed an old woman sitting

14、 quietly. I walked straight to her, and kept her cold hands in mine. She looked up, smiling. A best voice “Forget the past” came out of my deep heart. She told me about her funny stories. Happiness seemed to come back to us. In the warm sunlight she laughed, just like a child. I was moved at that ve

15、ry moment. This experience brought me a lot. Ive realized Im really helpful to anyone in need. Ive also learned how to deal with difficulties from that old lady. Life means the one full of love and warm hands, including yours and mine.【解析】1. 分层原则：Lead in：Everyone needs help and（1）帮助他人的一段经历；（2）自己在事后的

16、感受；（3）得出结论，最后扣题。可以通过英文提示词语，对分层是否恰当进行检查。2. 逻辑性：主要体现在所描写的事实与自身感受之间应该是对应的，学生容易在事件描写上做文章，但是忽略作总结时对上下文之间逻辑关系的把握。如：I realized I gave my love out, and received others love.第二条感言在故事中似乎体现得不够充分，比较牵强。3. 语言的简洁性：尽量减少词句重复，避免行文错误。如：I sang a song for her and invited her to sing with me.修改：We sang songs together.4.

17、语言运用的熟练度和修饰性：可以看到红字体的文字部分，用词准确，前后呼应，强调人物在整个故事中的情绪变化，而且具有对周围环境的烘托效果。如：sadlylaughed like a child; cold handswarm sunlight回复性作文写作技巧：（一）写作回复性作文需要注意以下三个方面的内容：第一：首段回顾来信的内容，转述来信人的意图。（一般文中已给出）常用句型：Im writing to tell you that 我写信是为了告诉你You told me that 你告诉我I have learned that 我得知第二：第二段将文中提示的要点（即来信人的意图）具体展开。（需

18、要学生自己写）常用句型：（1）表达看法：From my point of view 以我的观点 In my opinion 以我的观点 As far as I know 据我所知（2）表达经历：Id like to share my experience with you. 我想和你分享我的经历。My experience is very similar with yours. 我有和你非常相似的经历。My experience may be helpful to you. 我的经历有可能会帮到你。I had the same problem as you do. 我也有过和你一样的问题。I

19、can understand you. I have the same experience as you. 我能理解你。我曾有过和你一样的经历。（3）表达建议：I have the following suggestions that may be helpful to you. 我有以下建议或许能够帮到你。The following suggestions may be helpful to you. 以下一些建议有可能会帮到你。My suggestions are as follows. 以下是我的建议。Here are some ideas for you. 以下是我给你的一些建议。第

20、三：末段寒暄一番或提供联络方式。（一般文中已给出）The above are my understandings of the problem. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me.（二）回复性作文常用的连接词和句型1. Whats more, 另外，2. Above all, 首要的是，最重要的是3. In my opinion以我的观点，4. On the other hand, 另一方面，5. Besides, 此外6. I（dont）think that我（不）认为7. Whats wors

21、e, 更糟的是，8. Its important to do sth. 做是重要的9. Its a good idea to做是个好主意10. Youd better do你最好做11. not only but also不仅而且12. I am sure that .我确信13. Why not do.?为什么不做？14. In fact事实上15. After all毕竟，究竟16. You should do sth. 你应该做某事17. instead of （用）代替,（是）而不是18. try to do sth.尝试做19. tell sb.（not）to do sth.告诉某人

22、（不）去做某事20. spenddoing 花费做21. sothat/ so that太以至于/以致（三）给他人提建议的主要句型。和学习有关的建议：1. You can tell him your feeling.2. Why not write to him or ask your parents and your teachers for help?3. Above all, you should improve your study and encourage yourself to get good results in the exams by studying hard.4. I

23、 think its very important for you to learn lessons well.5. My advice is to make a plan for your study and work; ask your friends to work together with you, and tell your parents that you can manage things well. I wish you good luck.6. Then Id like to say the most important thing is that you must bel

24、ieve in yourself and cheer up and dont think about that exam any more.7. Its very important to listen to the teacher carefully in class. 8. And youd better relax or have a rest when you feel tired and sleepy.9. In a word forget the unhappy thing and keep on working hard at your lessons. 10. You shou

25、ld spend most of your time on your study instead of computer games.11. Youd better make a plan to read and write English, and keep on doing it.12. Your parents and teacher will be happy when you work hard at your study.和父母朋友有关的建议：1. In my opinion, as good friends we should listen to their complaints

26、 and do our best to help them when they are in trouble.2. You should talk about it with your parents.3. Im sure if you can explain to her carefully and patiently, she wont be angry any more.4. I tried not only to talk with them but also showed my good grades to them. Now we can get on well with each

27、 other. In fact, your parents really care about you a lot.5. I think you should try your best to talk with them about your problems. Dont worry if they cant understand you.6. Why not ask your parents to so that they wont be so worried.7. Youd better have a word with your parents and learn to accept

28、others advice.8. I think you need to have an honest talk with him so that you can understand each other better.9. I think you need to have an honest talk with her when there is no one around.10. Besides, why not ask your teacher for help? Teachers always have some good suggestions, dont they? 例题4：假设

29、你叫刘京，是美国中学生托尼的笔友，你收到他的来信。请给托尼写一封回信，回答他的问题，向他介绍北京良好的公交服务，并谈谈你的感受。Hi! Liu Jing,My grandpa is going to Beijing next month because he has heard a lot about the city and he would like to see it himself. He says the bus service in Beijing is very good now, and people can go anywhere by bus. Is he right? C

30、an you tell me something more about it?Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours,TonyDear Tony,Im glad to know your grandpa is coming to Beijing. _If you have more questions, please ask me.Yours,Liu Jing【答案】Dear Tony, Im glad to know your grandpa is coming to Beijing. Your grandpa is right.

31、The bus service in Beijing is really good now. There are bus lines all over Beijing and buses can even take you to a small village. Besides, special seats are offered on buses. People do not have to spend a long time waiting for a bus and the tickets are cheap. I like taking a bus because I think it

32、s comfortable and also good for the environment. So its a good choice for your grandpa to travel in Beijing. If you have more questions, please ask me.Yours,Liu Jing【解析】本文要点齐全（良好的公交服务；你的感受），无语法错误（高分作文必须要做到无语法错误），句型多样，语言流畅。【考生自测】话题作文题目主要时态/句型一、个人情况1. 以e-mail的形式，介绍网友的个人信息/ 回复征询笔友的邮件。2. How I have chan

33、ged!一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时比较级二、家庭、朋友和周围的人3. “感恩的心”回顾三年来父母、老师及朋友们给予的帮助和难忘的经历一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时三、日常活动4. 难忘的假日/周末5. 调查报告How do kids spend weekend?6. 调查报告How do kids go to school?一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时四、学校生活7. Being a volunteer is great!8. Language learning9. School rules一般现在时一般将来时祈使句No doing sth.be allowed to do sth.be

34、 supposed to do sth.五、人际关系10. Asking for help如：心理方面的问题一般现在时一般将来时六、计划与愿望11. Making summer vacation plans12. Travel around一般将来时一般现在时be doing sth.be going to do sth.七、业余活动13. Introduce Beijing to foreign friends一般现在时一般将来时八、饮食与健康14. Describing health problems and asking for advice一般现在时【好题优选】第一组：同学们在进入九年

35、级（初三）之后，感觉到了学习的压力和时间的紧迫。王磊同学因不知如何处理学习和体育运动的关系，在校园网上发帖，请求帮助。请你以李华的名义给他回帖，告诉他体育运动的重要性，介绍自己何时开始从事自己喜欢的运动，并对如何安排好学习和体育活动提出合理建议。注意事项：1）必须包括以上三个方面的内容；2）提示词语供选用；3）不少于60词；4）请不要写出真实校名和姓名。提示词语：build up muscles, be busy, do well in, do ones best【例文】Hi! Wang Lei, Everybody knows that sports are very important i

36、n our life. Sports not only help build up our muscles, but also help us do well in our lessons. Although I am very busy now, I can still have time to do my favorite sports. I usually play basketball with my friends for twenty minutes after school and go swimming on Saturday afternoon. Of course we d

37、o morning exercises at school every day, but it is not enough. I think you should practice running after class. It doesnt take much time. Ten minutes will be enough. If you like basketball, why not join us? 修改后：Hi! Wang Lei,Are you still busy now? Sports are also important in our life. They not only

38、 help build up our muscles, but also help us make friends. So I keep doing sports every day even when I have little time for it. For instance, I enjoy playing basketball with my friends for twenty minutes after school. However, you like running. Why not practice it after every afternoons tests? If I

39、 were you, Id jog with parents on Sunday nights. Dont you think the balance of work and sports will lead to a greater success? Lets go to the playground at once! Would you like to join me? 第二组：根据中文提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。保护我们的环境是十分重要的，它有利于我们的身体健康。世界上仅有一个地球，我们就生活在这个地球上，所以保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。在

40、生活中，我们该做些什么，不该做些什么呢？提示词语：important, environment, necessary, pick up, dustbin（垃圾箱）, plant, shouldnt, keepclean【例文】Its important to take care of the environment because it is good for our health. We are living on the earth; we have only one earth. What should we do for it? I think the following is nec

41、essary. We should pick up rubbish and throw it into the dustbin, and we should collect waste things, such as batteries, plastic bags and so on. We should plant more trees, flowers and grass. We shouldnt litter everywhere. Its our duty to keep our environment clean. If everyone can do like this, our

42、environment will become better and better.修改后：Its important for everyone to care for the environment because it is good for our health and we are living on the earth, the only one earth. I think we can do a lot. For example, were supposed to pick up the rubbish and throw it into the dustbin. Be sure

43、 not to litter anywhere. And we should recycle “waste things” as well, such as batteries, plastic bags and so on. Planting more trees isnt a bad way to refresh the air. In conclusion, its our duty to keep the environment nice and clean. If everyone can do a little more for it, our life must be more

44、peaceful and beautiful.第三组：丰富多彩的课外活动可以减轻学生压力，充实校园生活；同学们还可以在活动中强身健体，在合作中增进友谊。但是一些学生认为参加课外活动会浪费时间，分散精力，特别是活动后容易感到疲劳，从而影响学习请你围绕九年级学生在复习备考期间该不该参加课外活动这一话题谈谈你的感想。【例文】More After-class Activities Nowadays students study hard and they are always under a lot of stress. The health of the teenagers is always ig

45、nored. Its good for them to have more after-class activities. Colorful after-class activities can ease stress and minds. Taking more exercise will build up their bodies. Students can also gain friendship in the activities.Take more after-class activities and you can get more.修改后：We need more after-c

46、lass activities Colorful after-class activities are becoming an important role in our life. They can not only ease study stress, but they can also keep us healthy. Moreover, they will help develop our friendship. However, many Junior Three students are studying harder under much pressure. We have li

47、ttle time for fun. As a result, some of us feel stressful and tired every day, even lose interests in lessons.As we know, life is a mixture of work and fun after all. Why not change at once? Taking after-class activities will surely bring us more health, happiness and friends. 第四组：根据中文大意和英文提示词语写一篇短文

48、，所给的英文提示词语供选用。下文是Betty的来信，她在信中谈到自己的饮食习惯，请根据Betty的介绍，谈谈你过去的不良习惯和改进计划。要求写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。提示词语：used to as a result make changeDear_, Nice to hear from you. I am very glad to talk about my eating and drinking habits. When I was a very little girl, I used to eat junk food and drink Coke. It tasted s

49、o different from home-made food that I became interested in it. But since I learned the knowledge about healthy food, Ive realized that junk food is bad for my body. So I decided to say goodbye to junk food from then on. I will enjoy having meat, fish, vegetables, rice, and fruit. Instead of Coke, I

50、 will drink water, fruit juice and milk. I think I will have a healthy habit. I believe it can help me keep fit. What about your eating and drinking habit? Can you say something about it？Yours,BettyDear Betty,Nice to hear from you. I am very glad to _ When I was a little _, _.Now, I realize that I m

51、ust change my eating habits._I hope I can keep healthy.Yours,_【范文】Dear Betty,Nice to hear from you .I am very glad to say something about my eating and drinking habits, too. When I was a little boy, I didnt like doing sports at all. I used to watch TV all the day. I was so lazy that my body was very

52、 weak. Like other children, I often ate unhealthy food such as hamburgers and chips. I drank Coke instead of water. As a result, it made me fatter and fatter. Now, I realize that I must change my eating habits. As soon as I get up in the morning, Im going to drink a glass of warm water. I will drink

53、 water and juice instead of Coke. Eating vegetables is good for health, so I will eat them from now on. I hope I can keep healthy. Yours, Jack 第五组：某报社刊登出英国中学生Lucy的来信，欢迎读者就信中谈到的问题展开讨论。假设你是第一中学（No.1 Middle School）初三（4）班（Class 4, Grade 3）的刘华，请在来稿中先简要介绍自己的个人信息，并针对Lucy的问题谈谈自己的看法，同时提出一些建议告诉她应该怎么做。来稿不少于60词

54、。Dear Sir, Im a middle school student, and I want to take a job during this summer holiday. I think it is good to do so, but my parents dont agree with me. I just cant understand them. What shall I do? Can you give me some advice?Yours,Lucy【范文】Im a middle school student, too. My name is Liu Hua. Im

55、from No. 1 Middle School. Im in Class 4 Grade 3. I think Lucy may have two reasons for the job. First, she can make some pocket money. Second, she can learn how to deal with different problems. But her parents may worry about her safety and her studies.My advice is to make a plan for her study and work; ask her friends to work together with her, and tell her parents that she can manage things well. I wish Lucy a good summer.