专题05 冠词-初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）.docx

1、专题05 冠词冠词的基本考点：1.不定冠词2.定冠词3.零冠词4.固定词组一）、不定冠词的用法a和an的区别1不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：a boy, a university, a European（欧洲的）country;an hour, an island, an elephant, an umbrella不定冠词的用法1、不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和one差不多： 例如，a. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。 b. He will be ba

2、ck in a day or two.他将在一至两天内返回。 说明：这种用法在表示重量、长度、时间等的词组中特别普遍。例如：a pair of socks, a hundred, two yuan a metre, eight hours a day, twice a week, a cup of tea.2、泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词的基本用法。例：A grammar book is necessary to a language learner. 对语言学习者来说，语法书是很必要的。 A house is a useful animal.3、泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。

3、例如，A man is looking for you.4、表示“每一”，相当于every 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5、用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例：I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。6、用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量； after a while过一会儿； have a rest（休息）； have a look（瞧瞧）；have a good time（过得开心）； take a shower（淋浴）； ta

4、ke a break（休息）； take a bath（洗澡）； get a cold（患感冒）； get a fever（发烧）； make a living（谋生）；in a moment（过一会儿）；【例1】There will be _ interview between the manager and his assistants this afternoon. A. an B. a C. the D. /【答案】A【解析】考察不定冠词。“interview”是元音音素/i/发音开头,所以要用不定冠词“an”。【例2】Can you see _ one-eyed cow in _fi

5、eld? A. an, the B. a, the C. /, the D. a, a【答案】B【解析】考察不定冠词的使用。“one”虽然是元音字母开头，但实际发辅音/w/，所以用不定冠词“a”，“in the field”在田地里（固定搭配）。【例3】Can I have _look at the photo of your pen friend. A. a B. an C. / D. the【答案】A【解析】考察不定冠词。“have a look at” 看一下（固定搭配）。【例4】There is _“n” and _“u” in the word number. A. a, a B.

6、an, a C. a, an D. an, an【答案】B【解析】考察不定冠词。“n”是元音音素发音，所以用“an”,“u”发/ju:/是辅音因素开头，所以用不定冠词“a”。【例5】What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be_ pilot.It is _ exciting job. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, the【答案】B【解析】考察不定冠词。“pilot”飞行员，/p/辅音音素开头用“a”,”exciting”刺激的，元音音素/i/发音开头,所以要用不定冠词“an”。二）、定冠词

7、的用法1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。例如， The blue shirt is mine.蓝衬衫是我的。 Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪儿？2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window, please.请打开窗户。3、指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。 4、指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5、用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如

8、：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6、用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the United States 美国7、用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8、用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9、用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10、用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11、用在

9、表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江12、用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外【例1】_ Chinese is one of_ most beautiful languages

10、in the world. A. The, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, /【答案】B【解析】考察冠词。“Chinese”中国人，专有名词，不能加冠词，“most”最高级前要用定冠词“the”。【例2】_ girl with a toy in her hand is my little sister. A. A B. An C. The D. /【答案】C【解析】考察定冠词。该句中的“girl”是特指，所以要用定冠词“the”。【例3】The old lady teaches children to play _ piano at a weekend school

11、. A. a B. an C. the D. 【答案】C【解析】考察定冠词。西洋乐器前要加定冠词“the”。【例4】More and more young people are trying to do something for_ old at weekends. A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】C【解析】考察定冠词。the形容词表示一类人。“The old”老年人。【例5】Some people think that robots will take _ place of human beings. A. a B. the C. / D. an【答案】B【解析】考察定冠

12、词。“take the place of”替代（固定搭配）。三）、零冠词一、零冠词的用法1、在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Tianan Men Square天安门广场，2、可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正)；my the book(误)3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：a.They are teachers. 他们是老师。b.Tigers like meat. 老虎喜欢吃肉4、在星期，月份，季节，节日前: 例如：on Sunday

13、在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Womens Day在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6、在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the f

14、ootball？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)7、在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School8、某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and

15、 there到处(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼二、用与不用冠词的差异1. in hospital住院/in the hosp

16、ital在医院里2. in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面3. take place发生/take the place(of)代替4. go to school上学/go to the school到学校去5. next year明年/the next year 第二年6.a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两人)【例1】I prefer going by _sea to going in _train. A. /, / B. /, the C. /,

17、a D. the, a【答案】C【解析】考察冠词的综合使用。“by+交通工具”=“in a +交通工具”。【例2】My friend, Harry, his favorite sport is playing _golf. A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】D【解析】考察零冠词。球类、棋牌类前不加冠词。【例3】My grandpa used to have _ walk in the garden after _ supper. A. a, a B. /, a C. a, / D. /, /【答案】C【解析】考察冠词的综合使用。”have a walk” 散步（固定搭配），”

18、supper”一日三餐前零冠词。【例4】Where is Jack? I think he is still in _ bed, but he might just be in _bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the【答案】D【解析】零冠词和定冠词的区别。“in bed”卧床；“in the bathroom”在浴室。【例5】Dannys grandmother is ill in _ hospital. Hell go there to see her after school. A. an B. the C. a D. /【答案

19、】D【解析】零冠词和定冠词的区别。“in hospital”住院；“in the hospital”在医院。句中提到“Dannys grandmother is ill”所以推断出“住院”。选择1. Southword, a seaside town in England, has _ history of more than thirteen centuries. A. / B. a C. an D. the【答案】B【解析】一个什么样的历史，故选择B。2.Many college graduates would like to work in west part of our countr

20、y next year.A. thethe B. / C. /the D. the/【答案】D【解析】方位名词前要加the，last+表示时间的名词的前面用零冠词。3.If we want to stay healthy,we should have three meals_day. And its important for us to have_good breakfast every morning.A.the,the B.a,a C.a,the D.a,/【答案】B【解析】第一个表示每一天，用a；第二个在三餐前一般加零冠词，但是如果三餐前有形容词修饰的话，就可以用不定冠词。4. Mr.

21、 Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed. A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】D【解析】in bed是表示卧床不起的意思。5.Everybody knows that_Yellow River is_second longest river in our country.A. the;/ B. /;the C. /;/ D. the;the【答案】D【解析】第一个空是因为普通名词专有化的时候要加定冠词；第二个空是在形容词最高级前用定冠词the。7. The old lady teaches ch

22、ildren to play _ violin at a weekend school.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】C【解析】在西洋乐器前要加定冠词the。8.The sign reads In case of _fire, break the glass and push _ red button.A. /;a B. /;the C. the; the D. a; a【答案】B【解析】第一个空表示泛指的fire，所以用零冠词。第二个空表示特指，所以选B。9. Mr. Rogers, _ chairman of the conference, will be in _

23、charge of the opening ceremony speech, too. A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the【答案】C【解析】chairman是称谓，所以前面要加零冠词。be in the charge of 负责，固定搭配，故选择C。10.The fishermans wife said she wanted to be _ mayor of the city.A. a B. an C. the D. /【答案】D【解析】mayor是称谓，所以要用零冠词，故选择D。链接中考：（2022扬州中考）1. China has helped

24、end 70% of poverty worldwide since _ late 1970s, according to _ World Bank.A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a【答案】B【解析】句意：据世界银行称，自20世纪70年代后期以来，中国已帮助消除了全球70%的贫困人口。考查冠词。空格一处表示年代，用“the+年份复数”，表示“在几世纪几十年代”，排除AC；World Bank“世界银行”是专用名词，前加定冠词the。故选B。（2022宿迁中考）1. My brother often plays _ football with his cl

25、assmates after school.A. aB. anC. /D. the【答案】C【解析】句意：我哥哥经常放学后和他的同学踢足球。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，常用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，常用在元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词。球类运动前不加任何冠词，play football“踢足球”，故选C。（2022连云港中考）1. Me and My Winter Games is interesting film. I s a gift for Bejjing 2022.A. a B.an C. the D./【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。这里指的是一个有趣的电影，用泛指的冠词a/an, 由于空格后的interesting发音为元音，所以选B。（2022无锡中考）1. Our English teacher came into the classroom _ a smile on her face.A. in B. over C. with D. against【答案】C