专题05 必修一各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识 基本能力双清（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题05 必修一各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）必修一Unit1 语法：句子成分和句子结构句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。1主语(subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等构成。To swim in the river is a great pleasure.在河里游泳是件快乐的事。When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.我们将什么时候进

2、行英语测试仍然没决定。2表语(predicative)表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在系动词(be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后。表语由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句构成。His job is to teach English.他的工作就是教英语。The truth is that he has never been abroad.事实就是他从来都没出过国。3宾语(object)宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词后，或“不及物动词相应介词”后。宾语由名词性的词充当。宾语按词性分为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动

3、宾结构和介宾结构。I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他适合做办公室工作。有些动词后边需要跟双宾语，指人的是间接宾语；指物的是直接宾语。Lend me your dictionary，please.请把你的词典借给我(用一下)。4宾语补足语(object complement)有些及物动词，除有宾语以外，还需有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句来充当。Do you consider him trustworthy?你认为他可靠吗？ We found everything in the

4、lab in good order.我们发现实验室的一切井然有序。5定语(attribute)修饰名词、代词的词称为定语。可由单词、短语、从句充当。定语有形容词的特征。Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是个美丽的城市。He is reading an article about how to learn English.他在读一篇怎样学好英语的论文。6状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。状语种类有：时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语。He ha

5、s lived in the city for ten years.他已经在这个城市住了10年了。Once you begin，you must continue.一旦开始了，你必须继续下去。分析下列句子成分1. .主语谓语宾语状语2. .主语定语系动词表语3. .谓语宾语状语4. .主语谓语宾语宾补状语5. .状语主语谓语主补二、基本句子结构简单句有7种基本句型：1.主谓(SV)句型特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。The rain stopped.雨停了。The moon rose.月亮升起来了。2 主谓状(SVA)句型特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，副词、介词

6、短语等作状语。The time passed quickly.时间过得很快。The old man walks in the park every morning.那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。3 主谓宾(SVO)句型特点：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词动词不定式、动词ing形式和从句。We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。I dont know how to get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。4 主谓宾状(SVOA)句型特点：谓语动词是及物动词，其后接宾语。副词、介

7、词短语等作状语。I like to stay at home on Sundays.星期天我喜欢待在家里。We planted many trees in our hometown.我们在家乡种了许多树。5 主谓双宾语(SVOO)句型特点：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。Her mother bought her a skirt.她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。Mr.Li told us an interesting story.李先生给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。常跟双宾语

8、的动词：需借助于to的动词：bring，give，lend，hand，offer，pass，promise，return，send，show，teach，tell，write等；需借助于for的动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，make，order，sing，save，spare等。6 主谓宾宾补(SVOC)句型特点：谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。The news made us very sad.那个消息令我们

9、非常难过。The teacher asked us to answer the question.老师让我们回答那个问题。My mother asked me to clean my room.妈妈让我打扫我的房间。用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语谓语it宾补真正宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，guess，imagine，judge，prove，see，suppose，take等。7 主系表(SVP)句型特点：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须

10、加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有：表示感官的动词：feel，appear，look，smell，taste，sound等；表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，continue等；表示转变、变化的动词：become，get，turn，go，run，fall，come，grow等My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。I feel quite hungry.我感觉很饿。Leaves turn yellow.树叶变黄了。指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1 I will spend the summer holidays

11、in the countryside.2All this will be interesting and good.3In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.4I can hear birds singing in the green trees.5The best fish swim near the bottom.6My father bought me a new bicycle.7The whole class laughed.【答案】SVOA SVP SVOA SVOC SVA SVIODO SV必修一U

12、nit2 语法：简单句、并列句和主从复合句英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：简单句，并列句和主从复合句。一、简单句简单句是只含一个主谓结构的句子，按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗？Sit down，please.请坐。What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！二、并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫作并列句，其基本结构是“简单句并列连词简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互

13、之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。并列连词有：and，but，or，so等。The watch was cheap，but it goes quite well.这块表虽然便宜，但走得很好。It was late，so we went home.天晚了，所以我们就回家了。Hurry up，or youll miss it all.快点，不然你什么都赶不上了。Stand over there and youll be able to see it better.站在那边，你就能看得更清楚了。三、复合句复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不

14、能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用分为表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和主语从句等。The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。They think that the bridge was built 100 years ago.他们认为这座桥建于100年前。When you finish the work，you may go out to play with Sam.你完成工作就可以出去和Sam一起玩了。The man who has an umbrella

15、in his hand is my uncle.手上拿了一把雨伞的那个人是我的叔叔。What he said is true.他说的是真的。单句语法填空1The problem was _ it was too valuable for everyday use.2Thats _ he is worrying about.3The small children dont know _ is in their stockings.4He had no breathing _ pulse and he was lifeless.5It may rain tomorrow， _ we are goi

16、ng home in any case.6I hired a boat so _ I could go fishing.7He waited_ she was about to leave.8I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.9Thats the hotel _we stayed last summer.10It is possible _ he has stolen the car.【答案】that what what or but that until if/whether where that单句语法填空1The

17、problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.2Thats what he is worrying about.3The small children dont know what is in their stockings.4He had no breathing or pulse and he was lifeless.5It may rain tomorrow，but we are going home in any case.6I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.7He wai

18、ted until she was about to leave.8I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.9Thats the hotel where we stayed last summer.10It is possible that he has stolen the car.语法填空We have studied in high school for several months. When I first _(go) into the school and saw my new classroom

19、 and teachers, I thought I would have a new start. The school life is very busy and _ (excite). There are many activities in our school. We all take part in them _ (active). I have made many new friends and we often help and learn from each other in study. Our _ (teacher) have taught us a lot. They

20、not only teach us how to study but also teach us how to be_ useful person in society. They also tell us_ is worth doing.People often say, There is no rule of learning. Now I feel it is true. The study now is far _ (different) than before. I often find there is something difficult _ (understand) at o

21、nce. At this time, I must spend a lot of time _ (study) by myself, or I wont make progress.Our school is clean and beautiful. There are many trees and flowers around_. In order to make our school more and more beautiful, we should try our best.【答案】went; exciting; actively; teachers; a; what; more di

22、fferent; to understand; studying; it【解析】考查时态。根据语境,尤其是后文的saw可知,此处应用一般过去时。 考查词形转换。此处表示令人兴奋的修饰school life,故用exciting。考查副词。空处修饰动词应用副词,故填actively。考查名词复数。此处要用复数形式,与谓语动词have taught保持一致。考查冠词。此处泛指一个有用的人,应用不定冠词,且useful的发音是以辅音音素开头的,故填a。考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,意为什么,故填what。考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than可知,此处用形容词different的比

23、较级。考查非谓语动词。此处difficult后面的动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。考查非谓语动词。spend some time(in) doing sth.花费时间做某事,为固定用法,故填studying。考查代词。此处用it代指前面的Our school。必修一Unit3语法：关系代词引导的定语从句一、who，whom，whose引导的定语从句1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。二、th

24、at，which引导的定语从句1that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。2which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。3下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only，the very(

25、正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。三、关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the same .as .；such .as .；so/as .as .（2）the same .as与the same .that的区别：【例题】【浙江卷】Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap

26、 it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句一、介词关系代词引导定语从句常见的几种结构：（1）介词关系代词（2）名词/代词/数词介词关系代词（3）形容词最高级介词关系代词（4）介词关系代词名词二、介词关系代词结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词 与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。2. 表示整体和部分关系，介词常用of。在so

27、me，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。3.有时介词where可以引导定语从句，此时要和介词which引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。三、 of whom, of which与whose的用法解析1. whose的用法whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间。 在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词

28、序不同, 即“whose名词the名词 ofwhich”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。2. 下列情况只用of which或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用 whose。必修一Unit4语法：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)1. 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的“介词which”结构可用that来代替并可

29、省略。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3.why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型为：The reason why.is that.或The reason that.is that.。4.“当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。【例题】1. 【202

30、0全国新课标I语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词

31、是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。4. 【广东卷】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。定语从句语法通关练习单句语法填空1Is there a shop near here where

32、I can buy some flowers?2The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.3I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.4April Fools Day is a day when people play jokes on friends.5The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.6The film wh

33、ere he played the leading role was a great success.7The house for which he paid 200，000 yuan is now worth 350，000 yuan.8The man from whom I got the letter is my brother.9The reason why I didnt write to you was that I didnt know your address.10This is the factory that/which I visited last year.短文语法填空

34、There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.where I met many strangers，I missed my parents ve

35、ry much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，the guide 4.whose teacher was Yu Minhong communicated with me facetoface，5.from which I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Ever

36、y day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，8.into which I put my entire energy.All in all，as long as you form the habit of learning English every day，you will have a good command of it sooner or later.