专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气-2023年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试(通用版).docx
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- 专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气-2023年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点归纳与测试通用版 专题 05 情态 动词 虚拟 语气 2023 年高 英语 学业 水平 考试 必备 考点 归纳 测试 通用版
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1、必过05 情态动词和虚拟语气知识过关一情态动词(一)can, could用法例句表示能力,意为“能,会”;could表示过去的能力。She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语。can可用于肯定句中,表示客观或理论上的可能性。An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错。表示请求或允许。在疑问句中,could可以代替can,语气更委婉,肯定回答时要用can,不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can. 明天上午
2、我可以用你的自行车吗?是的,可以。表示说话者的主观推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句和疑问句中。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理。他已经去北京了。表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度,常用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you treat me like that?你怎么能那样对我?用于固定习语中:cant . too/enough (无论也不过分;越越好);cant but do sth. (不得不,只好);cant help doing sth. (禁不住做某事)。I cant thank y
3、ou too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 我非常感谢你,在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。One cannot but admire her determination. 人们不得不佩服她的决心。(二)may, might用法例句表示请求或许可。在疑问句中,might可以代替may,语气更加委婉。给予许可时用may,不用might。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes, you may. 我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?是的,可以。表示
4、推测,意为“或许,可能”,通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比may语气弱。I really dont like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might not come. 我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他?别担心。他或许不会来。表示祝愿,常用结构为:May主语动词原形!May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天!用于固定短语中:may/might as well动词原形(不妨,还是为好);may/might well动词原形(很可能)。You may/might as well tell him th
5、e truth.你不妨告诉他事实吧。He may/might well stay in Beijing now. 他现在很可能待在北京。(三)must, have to用法例句表示义务,意为“必须”。must强调说话人的主观看法,have to则强调客观需要;在回答带有must的问句时,否定式常用need not (neednt)或dont have to,而不是用must not。We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.现在我们必须尽快采取行动
6、。你仅仅告诉我们你能否承担这项任务就行。I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了,因为我母亲在住院。must用来表示推测,意为“一定”,只能用在肯定句中。must的肯定程度比can强。You must be hungry after a long walk. 长途跋涉之后,你一定饿了。must表示“偏要,非要不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中,偶尔也用于陈述句中。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走,至少要等到暴风雨停了。mustnt表
7、示禁止,意为“不得,不允许;一定不要”。You mustnt play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀,否则会伤到自己的。(四)shall用法例句用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话者征求对方的意见。Shall he come in now?要不要让他现在进来?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。用于条约、规定、法令、法律等文件中表示义务规定,意为“必须”。One of ou
8、r rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们有一条规定,那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。(五)should, ought to用法例句should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该严格要求自己。should表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气,意为“竟然,居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。ought to表示义务、责任、劝告等,意为“应该”,语气
9、比should略重。You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。should和ought to表示推测,指合乎理想的情况或结果,意为“按说应该”。Try phoning Robert he should be home by now. 给罗伯特打个电话试试,他现在应该到家了。(六)will, would用法例句与各种人称连用,用于陈述句中,表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在,would指过去。I will never talk to him again. 我再也不会和他说话了。表示征求意见或提出请求,多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气
10、委婉。Will/Would you please close the window?请把窗户关上好吗?表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势,意为“总是;习惯于”。will指现在,would指过去。Fish will die without water. 没有水,鱼会死的。(七)need, dare用法例句need既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词;作情态动词时,表示“需要”,常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。neednt表示“不必”;对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need,作否定回答时用neednt。I neednt use a clock to wake me up, bec
11、ause at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己,因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过。dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词;作情态动词时,表示“敢,敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动。二情态动词have done 1对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句may (might) have done sth.
12、“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”;语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done sth.“本来能够/可以做某事”;用于否定句和疑问句,表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了,因为路很泥泞。The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相,但我不是很确定。I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning
13、. She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午没在会议室看见她,她不可能在会议上讲话。2表示“与过去事实相反”could have done sth.过去本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt have done sth.过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth.过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.过去可能做某事但实际上没做You could have done better,
14、 but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。I neednt have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.天气这么好,我本没必要带雨伞的。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助,虽然你当时很忙。三虚拟语气(一)虚拟条件句的基本用法1if虚拟条件句(1)基本构成时间i
15、f从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形对过去的虚拟had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词对将来的虚拟should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形过去式(be的过去式用were)were to动词原形(2)错综时间虚拟条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt b
16、e so worried now.要不是你一言不语地离开家,你父母现在就不会那么担心了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)(3)省略if的倒装句if虚拟条件状语从句中出现were, had, should时,可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首,变为倒装句式。Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。2含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表
17、示。We wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助,我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了,否则,我就参加运动会了。(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。I would have delivered a spe
18、ech, but I had a cold that day.我本来可以演讲的,但是那天我感冒了。(二)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)某些It is/was形容词/过去分词/名词that引导的主语从句中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,即“should动词原形”,should可省略。Its vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们的安全驾驶。(2)用于本句型常见的形容词、过去分词、名词形容词necessary, important, best, r
19、ight, impossible, preferable, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent, strange等。过去分词通常表示提议、要求、命令等,如suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等。名词pity, regret, desire, rule, shame, honour, surprise等。2宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)宾语从句在表示“提议”“要求”“命令”“意志”等动词后,其谓语动词用“(s
20、hould)动词原形”表示虚拟。常见的此类动词有insist (坚持要求,坚决主张), order, command, advice, suggest (建议), propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct等。He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。易错提醒当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”之意时,suggest/in
21、sist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气,而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。(2)wish后接that引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气,其谓语动词的形式为:时间从句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)对过去的虚拟had过去分词对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形I wish (tha
22、t) I were ten years younger.但愿我能年轻十岁。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个电影明星。(3)would rather后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,其谓语动词的形式为:时间从句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)对将来的虚拟对过去的虚拟had过去分词Id rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。3表语从句中的虚拟语气(1)句子主语是表示“愿望”“
23、劝告”“建议”“主张”“命令”“决定”等行为动词派生出来的同根名词时,其表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)动词原形”结构。这类名词有suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement等。Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的要求是这事应该尽可能快地解决。(2)虚拟语气可用于as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句:时间从句谓语动词形式对现在的虚拟过去式(be的过去式用were)对过去的虚拟h
24、ad过去分词对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。特别注意如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。4同位语从句中的虚拟语气当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语或宾语时,其同位语从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”,should
25、可以省略。常见的这类名词有:advice建议 decision决定 demand要求desire渴望 idea想法 motion提议order命令 plan计划 proposal提议request要求 suggestion建议We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 oclock.我们都同意这个命令:五点完成这项任务。52个特定句式中的虚拟语气(1)if only引导的条件句及感叹句对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟对将来的虚拟had过去分词过去式(be的过去式用were)would/could/should/migh
26、t动词原形(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that). 从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should动词原形”。If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。It is high time that we should start/started out.我们该出发了。一、单项选择1Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .AmustBcanCneedDshould2(2018北京) In todays information ag
27、e, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.AneedBshouldCcanDmust3(2018天津) I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.Ashould leaveBmust have leftCmight leaveDcould have left4(2017天津) My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do i
28、t in the morning.AdarentBshouldntCneedntDmustnt5(2017北京) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.AmustBshouldCcanDneed6(2016天津) It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.AwouldntBcouldntCshouldntDneednt7I dont care what people
29、 think.Well, you _AcouldBwouldCshouldDmight8(2016北京)I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.AneedntBmustntCwouldntDshouldnt9 My suggestion is that a plan for study _ at first.Awill be madeBbe madeCwas madeDbe should made10If I_ ten million dollars, I_ travel around the
30、world.Ahave; willBhad; willChave; wouldDhad; would11_ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet Games, I would have passed the final examination.AIf I devotedBHad I devotedCWould I be devotedDShould I be devoted12It is required that those who will be chosen to take part in that i
31、mportant military training _ the experience of serving in the armyAhave hadBwill haveChadDhave13If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.Ahavent watchedBhadnt watchedCdidnt watchDwouldnt have watched14The order came that all the small coal mines _down in half a year.Awould b
32、e closedBshould be closedCmust be closedDwould close15Have you ever been to the Great Wall?No, but I wish I _.AwillBhaveCdidDhad16_the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyAHad it not been forBIf it were notCIf it had not been forDWere it not for17_ what was going to happen next, I w
33、ould never have left her alone.AHad I knownBIf I knowCIf I knewDIf had I known18My demand was that the information referred to in my report _to Mr. Brown without delay.Ashould emailBemailedCmust be emailedDbe e-mailed19I cant stand the young man sitting in the front. He always talks as though he _ e
34、verything.AknewBknowsChas knownDhad known20Linda couldnt have answered the question so easily if she _ a few books on world history before hand.Ahadnt readBhasnt readCwouldnt have readDdidnt read21Thomas can take his motor apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _ me how.AteachesBw
35、ill teachChas taughtDwould teach22The new traffic law requires that everyone _ his or her car checked at least once a year.AhasBhadCwill haveDhave23How I wish I _ to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.Ahad triedBhadnt triedChave triedDdidnt try24My suggestion is that more people from all wal
36、ks of life_ to finance the Project with their deeper love for these children.Abe encouragedBare encouragedCwere encouragedDshould encourage25It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.Aare sentBbe sentCwill be sentDshould send26If he _ to the teacher attentively yesterd
37、ay, he _ the answer to the problem now.Ahad listened; would have knownBlistened; would knowClistened; would have knownDhad listened; would know27If only I _ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.AtookBshould takeChad takenDtake二、用单词的适当形式完成句子28Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homewor
38、k? I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have_on Sunday. (用适当的词填空)29I knew that they _ (be) worried about me because I was so far away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. (所给词的适当形式填空)30It is suggested that another school _ (set) up in our city.(所给词的适当形式填空)31The children of Nome
39、would be helpless if the infectious disease_(strike) the town. (所给词的适当形式填空)32It is strongly urged that the meeting_(delay) till next weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空)33Her pale face suggested that she _(be) ill and her father suggested she _(see) a doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空)34My suggestion was that he_(go) to the cin
40、ema with us. (所给词的适当形式填空)35I always read, using different voices, as though I _ (act) out the stories with my voice and they loved it! (所给词的适当形式填空)36The children of Nome would be helpless if it _ (strike) the town. (所给词的适当形式填空)37He took to French as if it _ (be) his native language. (所给词的适当形式填空)38Th
41、e man loves the boy as if he _ (be) his father. (所给词的适当形式填空)39It is essential that we _(make)efforts to improve our English reading comprehension. (所给词的适当形式填空)40I could easily meet my classmates requirement that I_(finish)the game in ten minutes. (所给词的适当形式填空)41I will not take his suggestion that I_(
42、try)to lose weight, because being fat suggests that I am happy. (所给词的适当形式填空)42The manager put forward a suggestion that we_(have) an assistant. There is too much work to do. (所给词的适当形式填空)43At the conference,the secretary made a motion that the negotiation_(put)off to next week. (所给词的适当形式填空)44The prin
43、cipal supported the motion that all the teachers_(give) the chance to receive further education. (所给词的适当形式填空)45I suggested that we _(tackle)the problem in another way. (所给词的适当形式填空)46It was suggested that we _(leave) as early as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)47It is essential that he _(send) there at once. (
44、所给词的适当形式填空)48The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _(lose)all practical value by the time they were finished. (用适当的词填空)49If you had told me in advance, I_(meet) him at the airport. (所给词的适当形式填空)50He insisted he_(be)right, and that we_(apologize). (所给词的适当形式填空)51“You_ (be)
45、there on time,” the teacher insisted. (所给词的适当形式填空)52Regulations of the university require that students_(attend)at least 90% of the lectures. (所给词的适当形式填空)53My requirement is that you_ (apologize) to me in public. (所给词的适当形式填空)54The police recommended that the_ (injure) in the accident _ (take) to the
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