专题06 任务型阅读-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略 .docx

1、任务型阅读-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略 【明确考点】近几年在各地中考英语试题中，出现一种新题型任务型阅读。它是根介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。纵观近几年的中考试题，不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中，材料后的题目设计难度并不很大，但是学生在实际做题过程中，经常会犯一些错误，导致不必要的失分。因此我们有必要让同学们掌握一些解题方法。【命题特点

2、】任务型阅读部分在中考中的占比是10分，考查方式以填空式的阅读居多，此题型要求考生在理解文章内容或者文章题材之后，对应文章进行填空或者回答问题，是中考中的难点和扣分点，考生需要分析文章结构的篇章结构，抓住文章中的细节点，并且需要有扎实的基本功，有一定的同义词和词组的积累。近几年的考试趋势是增加句型转换的部分。而回答问题式的文章常出现在南通和泰州的中考题中，主要以整句回答问题为主，考察句式和猜测词义的较少。【备考过程指导】1. 注意审题 字数的限制 是否可以用原文中的单词 2. 注意表达 短语类 句子类 3. 注意语法 字母大小写 名词的数和格 动词的形式 形容词副词的比较级最高级 连词，介词

3、时态语态、非谓语形式等。4. 整个文章结构（大小标题）【应试方法技巧指导】1. 解题步骤：研表一读文一填表研表：迅速阅读表格，预测所缺单词。通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而揣测命题的目的和意图，准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解短文的大意。读文：快速浏览全文把握短文大意，再读文章文章内容找准细节定位。任务型阅读要求考生解读语篇，掌握文章的框架结构和段落大意，又要求考生对具体的事实细节进行查找和定位、理解和转换。因此，在阅读文章时，考生应适时恰当地运用多种阅读技巧，对文章进行全面的理解。填表：抓住有效细心，准确填好表格。任务型阅读考查

4、学生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力，又要求对文中信息进行理解转换，并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结，在填表时力争返回原文，找出与题目有关的内容，抓住关键词汇，填好所缺单词。填好表格后，再次校对所填单词拼写是否正确是否符合文章内容。2. 解题方法指导(1) 快速定位圈点。根据表格中所提供的细节信息，抓住关键词语，返回原文，快速捕捉，对表格中提供的信息在文中进行定位，并通过对比新旧语境，圈出不同点。(2) 巧妙运用转换。对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案，根据表格中对原文语义的转换，掌握设空规律，进行词形和词性的转换。巧用同义词、反义词、词语搭配等转换方式，以便提高答题正确率。(3) 掌握归纳技巧。有时

5、表格中的最上栏或最左栏需要学生概括相应栏内的内容，常用的概括性词语有：原因(reasoncause)、方法(waymeans)、优缺点(advantagedisadvantage)、观点(opinionview)、建议(advicetipsuggestions)、目的(aimpurpose)、问题(problem)、影响和结果(effectresult)、个人信息(nameageoccupationpersonality)等。掌握这些概括性词语，可以帮助学生迅速准确地完成答题任务。(4) 注意答题细节。审清表格，注意表格中所缺单词的排列顺序，特别要留神写到答题卡上的单词序号：正确拼写单词，注意

6、首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致及非谓语动词的使用等。另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。3. 任务型阅读的题型1）、 信息筛选题信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需变化，直接填入。2）、整合转换题整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况：（1）词形整合转换。被

7、考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在名词、动词、形容词、副词等之间进行转换。（2）句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。善用同义词和反义词进行转换。正确使用构词法。熟练运用语法句型转换。3）、 综合概括题综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也

8、是很有必要的。下面举一些基本的概括性词汇：总结、概括：conclusion, summary建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 影响：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression因果：reason, cause; result, consequence【例题精讲】例1. 南京18年中考原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality.题目：Your

9、 63 in music is related to your personality.【答案】taste【解析】对比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到taste.例2. 常州18年中考原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from.题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also e

10、xpresses peoples thinking and _37_【答案】values【解析】对比空格前后，虽然题干与原文不完全相同，但and前连接的词与原文一致，没有任何改变，可以知道此题为细节题，直接找到values.例3. 扬州18年中考原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate(准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences.

11、 Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.题目：Make your notes more complete and accurate to 64 your questions.【答案】answer【解析】原文列举了很多例子去讲解，所以中间的长段可以去掉，直接看到后一句：use them to answer the questions提出目的，所以可以找到动词answer.常见的转换方式：一)、 词性转换1）名词变为形容词：加y:直接加y: health-healthy; frost-f

12、rosty; rain-rainy; difficultdifficulty;双写为字母加y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy;去e加y: noise-noisy加ful或者less:hope-hopeful/hopeless; meaning-meaningful/meaningless; wonder-wonderful; cheer-cheerful; colour-colouful; cheer-cheerful; success-successful; end-endless;2）形容词变为副词：直接加ly: careful-carefully; beautiful-bea

13、utifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly;以y结尾将y变为ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; noisy-noisily; happy-happily;以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; simple-simply;去e加ly: true-truly.3）动词/形容词变为名词：加ment:agreeagreement; treat-treatment; advertise-advertisement; punish-punishment;impr

14、ove-improvement; develop-development;加ion:collect-collection; donate-donation; educate-education; organize-organization; invent-invention;加ness:rich-richness; kind-kindness; ill-illness; ugly-ugliness; sick-sickness;sad-sadness批注：此处需要注意，有一些以e结尾的单词，加上ion时需要去掉e加ion; 以y结尾的单词加上ness时需要去y为i再加ness.4）动词变为形容

15、词：加ed/ ing:surprise- surprising/ surprised; excite-exciting/ excited; tire-tiring/ tired; please-pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased【例题精讲】例1. 镇江18年中考原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and wat

16、er will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!题目：Englishmen cant be 60 enough for meals while Frenchmen can.【答案】patient【解析】找到原文enough的位置，可知此题考查的本质其实是enough的用法：形容名副后，所以此题需要将patience变为其形容词形式。例2. 常州18年一模原文：Self-respect

17、is a very important part of a great life. 题目：Keeping a sense of self-respect is of great 56 to a great life.【答案】importance 【解析】此处置于冠词后需要加名词，进行important和importance的转换。二) 、词意转换1) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary-unnecessary; welcome-unwelcome; comfortable-uncomfortable;几种特殊情况，需要再形容词

18、前加in; ir; im; dis等：e.g.: 加in-: active-inactive; correct-incorrect; 加im-: possible-impossible; patient-impatient; polite-impolite;加dis-: honest-dishonest;2) 常见的反义词：cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-difficult;generous-selfish; modest-proud; strong-weak;

19、hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget.3) 常见的同义词：happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wish例1. 扬州18年中考原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.题目

20、： 60 to understand new information.【答案】Prepare【解析】对比原文与题目，可知此需要找到一个词，意思相当于get ready（准备好）, 可以想到是prepare，同时prepare满足，prepare to do sth例2. 常州18年一模原文：It isnt right to feel better by putting others down. 题目：It is 62 to feel better by putting others down. 【答案】wrong【解析】考察not right的同义词=wrong三) 、句子结构转换语法匹配 (

21、to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。例1. 扬州18年中考原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers s

22、ay.题目：The information that is 57 by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.【答案】provided【解析】原文的 the information they provide是一个省略that的定语从句，变为问题时，定语从句中的主语被偷换掉了，所以相应的动作和主语之间的关系也由主动变为了被动，动词形式需要变化例2. 镇江18年中考原文：Englishmen think gues

23、ts should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. 题目：Do something to attract the 58 attention【答案】waiters【解析】原文make the waiters pay attention to them“使得侍者们能够注意到他们”换为主动的“吸引注意”而这个注意力应该是侍者所给予的。例3. (2013常州中考)原文：Music is a form of thought, as powerful as science. It is a way we human being

24、s “talk” to each other. Through the language we express our feelings, our discoveries, our ideas, our imagination and our hopes so that they can be shared with others. When we do not let our children receive good music education, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science does

25、 not tell us what it means to be human. Music does.题目：Music, 40 from science, tells us what it means to be human.【答案】different【解析】考查学生的总结概括以及固定搭配，文章倒数第二段最后一句主要讲科学和音乐的差异，要表示差异不同的意思，又因为题中有from，所以我们想到用different【考生自测】第一篇：British people pride themselves on their polite manners towards one another in publ

26、ic. They often use the word sorryeven when they dont really mean it! Usually, if they want to ask a stranger for the time, they would start by saying Sorry to bother you. Do you know what time it is? If theyre five minutes late for an appointment (约会), they would generally greet the person by saying

27、 Sorry Im late!They use the word sorry in so many different situations that the meaning of the word has changed a little over time. The two main dictionary definitions (释义) of sorry are: 1) feeling sad for someone else because of their problems or bad luck; 2) feeling regret because youve done somet

28、hing wrong. Now, think about this. Normally, when they want to ask a stranger a question, they start with Sorry to bother you. In this situation, they arent saying sorry because they feel sad for that person or because they feel regret.So what does sorry really mean? And why do British people use it

29、 so much? Well, in the British culture, saying sorry is a way to be polite, especially to people who they dont know very well. Its also a very clever way to get what they want. In a recent experiment, an actor went up to a different strangers on a rainy day to ask if he could use their mobile phones

30、 in order to make a call. When he went up to one group of strangers and asked them without saying sorry first, he was only 9 per cent successful in borrowing their phones. However, when he said sorry to another group of strangers about the bad weather before asking if he could use their mobile phone

31、s, he was 47 per cent successful. So maybe saying sorry is not just being polite, but it is also a good method to get what they want too!Title: Why do British people say sorry?Main pointsDetailed informationThe _36_ in which they say sorryasking for the timeBeing late for an appointmentThe change of

32、 the meaning of sorryThe two main dictionary definitions of sorry; feeling sad for others problems or bad luck feeling regret because of ones own _37_When British people ask a stranger a question by starting with sorry, they are saying sorry _38_ because they feel sad for that person nor because the

33、y feel regret.The _39_ meaning of sorrya way to be politea good way to get what they want The result of an experiment shows its easier for one to _40_ in borrowing a mobile phone by saying sorry.36._ 37. _ 38. _ 39. _ 40. _【答案】36. occasions/situations/chances 根据右栏提示左栏空格处是说“sorry”的场合、情况或机会。37. fault/

34、mistakes 根据文章第二段中“2) feeling regret because youve done something wrong.”可知是由于自己的过错或错误而感到抱歉。38. neither 根据文章第二段最后两句可知，问陌生人问题时说“sorry”既不是因为感到伤心也不是因为感到抱歉，只是一种礼貌的表达方式。39. real 根据文章最后一段首句“So what does sorry really mean?”可知用形容词real修饰meaning，表示“sorry”真实的含义。40. succeed 根据文章最后一段中的形容词“successful”和空格后的“in borr

35、owing.”可知用动词succeed构成固定短语succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”。第二篇：Since the beginning of human evolution (演变，进化), men have migrated (迁移) across continents (洲) in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising,

36、such as job relocation (重新安置) and overpopulation.Three million migrants (移民) are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination (目的地) is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same rea

37、sons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, getting away from wars and conflicts. They are also leading to population pressures because some countries are now crowded with people, and they often have high population growth. Those people nee

38、d to go somewhere else.There are three main reasons why people move. The basickindsand percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes inmarriageand other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including j

39、ob transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.Americans have b

40、een migrating south and west formany yearsin search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the natio

41、ns 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. Thats why many American people say, Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West. They like to live in the countryside.Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same countr

42、y. Some families even went abroad.Title: People on the moveLead-inDuring human history, people have migrated across continents.An increasing (1)_of people from poor countries are moving to richer countries, especially neighbouring ones.(2)_for peoples migrationAccording to the CPS, most people move

43、to other places because of theproblems of (3)_.Americans have long been moving south and west, looking for a better job chance, a warmer climate and a bigger yard, etc. Many(4)_the life in the countryside to the one in cities now.ConclusionNow every year more and more people move to other places, so

44、me still in the same country, but others to a(5)_country.【答案】1.number 2.Reasons 3.housing 4.prefer 5.foreign【解析】1. 根据原文：Three million migrants(移民) are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination(目的地) is a neighboring country in developing parts of the

45、world. 可知移民的人数正在上升，所以是number。2. 根据表格内容，后面都提示了移民的原因，所以是reasons。3. 根据文章第四段的比例可知，housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons;所以最高的是由于住所的问题导致的移民。4.根据文章中They like to live in the countryside.可知人们更愿意住在乡村，所以用prefer。5.根据文章最后一段

46、Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Some families even went abroad.可知一部分人在同一个国家，但是一部分人去了国外，所以用foreign country.【好题优选】第一组：Having a bad day is quite common. Someone may complain that such days come more often th

47、an necessary. However, the good news is that you can do many things to turn them around. For example, you can turn to your good friends. No matter what life throws at us, our friends are always there to support, encourage, and guide us through it all. Their support gives us strength and their honest

48、 opinions help develop our self-respect. These good friends never leave us alone in times of need. So on a day when nothing seems to be working out, you can always count on their help and advice.If peace and quiet is what you need to make things right again, just relax. Sometimes, when things come a

49、gainst your wishes, all you can do is to sit back and let that moment pass you by. Sit with a book you have wanted to read for a while, go for a walk to calm yourself down, or do some breathing exercises. In order to come out of any bad situation, it is necessary to take a few steps back and return

50、with a fresh mind.Writing down your thoughts about the things, people, or situations that are disturbing you is also helpful. Sometimes, all you can do in order to feel better is to get everything off your chest. Its not easy to find a sympathetic (同情的) ear to listen to everything whenever you need.

51、 So whats the next best choice? Its writing out all the things. So whenever youre feeling down, write everything that is upsetting (使心烦) you and try not to feel bored and unhappy.Do a good deed for someone else. When you perform a selfless act, you will feel good about yourself. So go out and plant

52、some seeds (种子) in the park or in your garden, feed a person who has nowhere to live, or help an old lady with her grocery bags. Live a little through other peoples joy.If youve had a bad day at work, school, or at home, and are looking for a quick “pick-me-up”, watching the TV show or movie you lik

53、e best can really help. For example, once youve done with all the work at home, make a bowl of popcorn or some other snacks and relax in front of the TV. Of course, do not let this turn into a habit or else youll find yourself rushing to the sofa every time you have a long, bad day. So choose this i

54、dea as the last act.Ways to turn a bad day aroundStay with friends With your friends support and encouragement, youll become (1) _ and have a higher self-respect. So on a bad day, you can ask your friends for help and advice.Relax a little You can get peace and quiet by (2) _, walking or doing breat

55、hing exercises. You can move away from a terrible situation for a while to have a fresh mind.Write everything down You can feel better by writing down your thoughts about something or somebody that is (3) _ you. Whenever you feel down, write down all that makes you upset.Do a good deed Doing good de

56、eds can bring you a good (4) _ about yourself. You can grow some plants, give food to a homeless person or help the elderly carry bags.Watch your (5) _ TV show or movieYou can watch TV with some snacks after finishing all your work. But be careful not to make it a habit to do so.答案：1. strong 2. read

57、ing 3. disturbing4. feeling5. favourite第二组：If we agree that education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we should teach children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.Politeness is a mark of civilization (文明). The sooner chi

58、ldren learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be achieved by a smile and good manners. Like it or not, our adults work hard for money, but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.Were likely no accept

59、something we are told, but thats not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking.Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food,

60、 they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.All of us are part of society. We have rights and duties. We should understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an e

61、nvironment in which to communicate with the people around us.In a word, our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: ”This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”TitleVery Useful EducationIntroductionEducation should help child

62、ren get ready for life.AdviceImportant things should be taught in schools.What to teachHow to behave (36) _The basic skill of (37) _ moneyHow to (38) _ in a critical wayHow to keep (39) _The rights and duties one has in societyConclusionChildren should be taught what (40) _ is and how to deal with i

63、t.答案：36. politely/properly/well 37. managing 38. think 39. healthy/fit 40. life第三组： Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.Recite and repeat in conversation.When you hear a persons name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving y

64、our lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.You can let other people help you remember their names. After youve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. M

65、ost people will be pleased by the effort youre making to learn their names.Admit you dont know.Admitting that you cant remember someones name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. Wh

66、at is it again?”Use associations.Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note: Vicki Cheng - tall, black hair. To reinforce youre your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.Limit the number of new names you

67、 learn at one time.When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can c

68、ome later.Go early.Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others - an automatic review for you.(36) _ of remembering namesRecite and

69、 repeat in conversation.When you hear a persons name, say it several times.Remember (37) _ to move your lips.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.After others introduce you to someone, ask the person to spell the name and pronounce it in a (38) _ way.Admit you dont knowYoud better say, “Im work

70、ing to remember names better. Your name is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”Use associationsLink each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual, e.g. Vicki Cheng - tall, black hair. It means Vicki Cheng is a tall person with black hair.Limit the number of new nam

71、es you learn at one time.Pay attention to remembering just two or three names.(39) _ yourself to learning just first names is another way.Go earlyWhen more people (40) _ conferences, you can hear them being introduced to others - an automatic review for you.答案：36. Ways/Methods 37. not 38. correct 39. Limiting 40. attend