专题06 初中英语语法公式（6）非谓语动词.docx

1、初中英语语法公式（6）非谓语动词公式1To do+谓语动词+其他(不定式作主语)：To learn Chinese well is very difficult. 学好汉语很难。公式2主语+谓语动词+to do(不定式作宾语)：I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。 公式35主语+谓语+it+形容词+(for sb.)to do（不定式作宾语）I think it hard to learn English well. 我认为学好英语很困难。公式3主语+及物动词+宾语+ (to) do（不定式作宾语补足语）He told us to work hard. 他告诉

2、我们要努力学习。公式4be+情感形容词+to do（不定式作状语）She was happy to hear the news. 听到这个消息她很高兴。 公式5to do/in order to do/so as to do（不定式作状语）To find out more about courses, write to this adress. 想了解更多课程的信息，按这个地址来函。公式6动名词+谓语动词+其他（动名词作主语）Watching TV too much is bad for eyes. 看太多的电视对眼睛不好。公式7主语+及物动词（短语）+动名词（动名词作宾语）Would you

3、 mind my singing here? 我在这里唱歌，你介意吗？公式8. without + N/doing .结构主语动词without名词动名词。说明此句型意为“主语没有（不用）”。without 当“没有；不用；假如没有；当不”解，是介系词，后面接名词（代名词）或动名词，用法相当于“and . not”或“if（when）not动词”。 I cant start a fire without matches. 我没有火柴不能点火。 We wont go without you joining it. 你没有参加的话我们就不去了。 You cant see the movie wit

4、hout the ticket. 你没有票，不能看电影。 He went to school without breakfast. (=He went to school and did not eat breakfast.) 他没吃早饭就去上学了。公式9 feel like + doing .结构feel like动名词说明此句型意为“想要”。like 是介系词，故之后要接名词或动名词。当接动名词时，解释为“想要做”，相当于“would like to原形动词”；接名词时，解释为“感觉像”。 I dont feel like studying tonight. 我今晚不想念书。 I feel

5、 like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.我好想明年暑假去一趟欧洲。 Do you feel like going to a movie? 你想看电影吗？ I feel like a newborn baby. 我感觉像是个新生的婴儿。公式10. worth + doing .结构worth动名词说明此句型意为“值得”。worth 是介系词，使用时要用名词或动名词做受词，形成介系词词组，当 形容词用。worth 之后接动名词时，主语必须为该动名词之受词，否则动名词之后须另加介系词，使主语做其受词。这种句型不可用虚主语 it 做

6、主语。 London is a city worth visiting. 伦敦是值得参观的城市。 He who does his duty is worth praising. 凡是忠于职守的人都值得赞扬。 A book worth reading once is worth reading time and time again. 值得一看的书值得一看再看。 The work is worth doing. 这个工作值得去做。 He is worth doing the work for. 值得为他去做这份工作。公式11 of ones own + doing说明此句型意为“由某人亲自所的”

7、。本词组为形容词词组，置于名词之后，做后位修饰语。 This is a picture of his own painting. 这是他的亲笔画。 This is a coat of her own making. 这是她亲手做的外衣。 I least expected that this should be a house of his own constructing. 我怎么也没想到这房子是他自己造的。公式12keep . from + doing结构主语keeppreventstopdiscourage受词from动名词说明此句型意为“防止阻止使不能劝阻某人不要”。有时把 from 省

8、略。 It will take everybodys efforts to keep city noises from increasing. 那是需要每个人的努力来防止都市噪音的增加。 The rain kept us from getting there on time. 那场雨使我们不能准时到达那里。 They should try to keep prices from rising. 他们应该设法阻止价钱上涨。 Sometimes we can prevent a cloud from producing rain. 有时我们可以阻止云产生雨。 Nobody can prevent

9、him from running the risk. 没有人能够阻止他去冒险。 The bad weather prevented us from getting there on time. 恶劣的天气阻止了我们准时到达那里。 They didnt even try to stop him getting it. 他们甚至没有试图去阻止他得到它。 You should have stopped him from going swimming. 你本来应该阻止他去游泳。 A strong will will stop one from committing a crime. 强烈的意志会阻止一

10、个人去犯罪。 Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office. 甚至他最知己的朋友也劝阻他去寻求更高的职位。 He was discouraged from making another attempt. 他受劝阻去做另一次的尝试。公式13I remember + doing .结构主语remember动名词说明此句型意为“记得曾做”。“remember动名词”是指现在记得以前曾经做过某事，而“rememberto-不定词”是指“记住要做某事”。forget，regret 的情形和 remember 也有大

11、致相同的区别。 I remember feeling that God, or someone, had brought us together. 我记得感到上帝或某人把我们凑合在一起。 Do you remember taking a trip to Japan with him? 你记得曾经和他到日本旅行吗？ I cant remember quarreling with him in junior high school. 我不记得国中时和他吵过架。Ill remember to mail these letters. 我会记着寄这些信的。公式14. ones + doing .说明动名

12、词之意义上的主语是放在动名词前面的名词(代名词)，原则上是以所有格出现。但在口语中经常以受格出现，尤其美语此种倾向更强。动名词意义上的主语若非“人”时，则不必变成所有格。 She is not sure of his answering her letter. 她无法确定他是否会回信给她。 I prefer Johns playing tennis to his playing cards. 我宁愿约翰打网球而不玩朴克牌。 I dislike my mothers interfering in the affair. 我不喜欢母亲介入这件事。 Our teacher didnt mind my

13、 coming in late. 老师对于我的迟到并不在意。 Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我开窗吗？ I remember our meeting ten years ago. 我记得十年前我们会见过。 My father doesnt like my/me going out alone. 我父亲不喜欢我单独出门。 I dislike my house being too small. 我不喜欢我的房子太小。公式15. be busy doing .说明此句型意为“忙着做”。等于“be busy with名词”。 Mother is bu

14、sy making cookies for the picnic. 母亲正忙着为野餐做饼干。 He was busy preparing for the exam. 他忙着准备考试。 I was busy looking up all the new words of the lesson in my dictionary. 我忙着在字典里查本课所有的生字。 Were busy (in) doing homework after school every day.我们每天放学后都忙于做作业。公式16. be used to + doing/N结构主语be used tobe accustome

15、d to动名词名词说明此句型意为“习惯于”。“主语used to-不定词”是“过去常常”；而“物be used to-不定词”则是“被用来”的意思。 The winter was much colder than they were used to and many people died. 那年冬天比他们所习惯的更为寒冷，因而很多人死亡。 He is used to sitting up late. 他习惯熬夜。 Are you used to the weather in Taipei? 你习惯台北的天气吗？ He is accustomed to hearing noise, becau

16、se he lives right in the center of the city. 他住在市中心，所以已经习惯于噪音了。公式17. be used to .结构主语(物) + be used to-不定词说明此句型意为“被用来”。主语通常是无生命的东西。而“物be used as名词”译为“被用来当做”。 The book is used to teach us how to write. 这本书教我们如何写作。 The knife can be used to cut meat. 刀能用来切肉。 It is said that the plant can be used to trea

17、t hepatitis. 据说那种植物可用来治肝炎。The book is used as a reference book. 这本书被用来做参考书。公式18used to do sthI used to do a lot of terrible things.我过去常读许多糟糕的事情。公式19enough+名词+to do. 有足够得做某事形容词/副词+enough+to do. 足够做某事。如：There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够得中央容下这些人休会。The boy is strong enough

18、to carry the heavy box.这个男孩儿实力够大年夜,能挪动转移这只箱子。主要提醒：enough作副词润饰形容词或副词时，放在所润饰词得后面，句子可以用so. that.句型改写。例句可以改写为：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.公式20enjoy doing sth.喜好(喜好)做某事like to do/like doing sth.喜好做某事。如：Do you enjoy listening to music? 你喜动听音乐吗?I like to swim in the swimming pool.

19、我喜好在泅水池中泅水。I like swimming. 我喜好泅水。公式21I am glad to .结构主语（人）be 动词情绪形容词（如 glad，sorry）不定词。说明不定词放在情绪形容词如 glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等字之后修饰，这是不定词做副词的用法。 I am glad to see him. 我很高兴看到他。 Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere. 苏看到到处是垃圾很苦恼。Sara was excited to see the rock band. 莎拉看到摇滚乐团很兴奋。公式22

20、. too . to .结构主语动词too形容词副词（forsb.）to-不定词说明此句型意为“太而（使某人）不能”。too 为副词，可修饰副词或形容词。too 后也可接含有形容词的单数名词，即“too形容词a单数名词to-不定词”，也可以是“too much不可数名词to”或“too many复数名词to”。该句型如提到“对某人来说”，则加入“for人”。该句型表示“否定”的意义，若加上附加问句，则须用否定，如例句8。 He walked too slowly to catch up with me. 他走得太慢而不能跟上我。 It is too dark in this room for

21、me to read a book. 房间太暗，使我无法看书。 This problem is too difficult for them to settle. 这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。 The price is too low for customers to believe. 价格低得令顾客难以相信。 He is too young a boy to do it. 他还太小，无法做这事。 He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us. 他手头的工作太多了，不能跟我们去野餐。 He has too many things

22、 at his disposal to go home early.有太多事要他处理，使他不能早点回家。The boy is too young to do it, isnt he? 这男孩年纪太轻不能做这件事，不是吗？公式23结构主语动词形容词副词enough（for sb.）to-不定词说明此句型意为“足以”。enough 可做副词或形容词用，在此做副词，可修饰副词或形容词，恒置于被修饰的副词或形容词之后。 We need several men strong enough to do the work.我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。 They bought a house lar

23、ge enough for ten persons to live in. 我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。 He is competent enough to fill that position. 他足以胜任那职位。 He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得飞快，足以抓住那小偷。 Our teacher is old enough to retire. 我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。 The assignment is few enough to be finished within half an hour. 作业很少，足能在半小时内完成。

24、公式24. how (+ N) + to do .结构howwhatwhenwherewhichwhose（名词）to-不定词说明此句型意为“应该如何做何时做何地做做哪些事”。what，whom，which 为疑问名词，做其后 不定词词组中动词的受词，否则就做介系词的受词。how，where，when，why均为疑问副词。不定词词组中的动词若为及物动词，则后面要有受词；若为不及物动词，则不需要受词。 How do I know what to do and what not to do? 我怎么知道什么该做，什么不该做？ He showed me how to use the tape rec

25、order. 他教我如何使用这台卡式录音机。 What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another. 应该做什么和应该怎样做是完全不同的两个问题。 The trouble is when to start the business. 麻烦在于应该什么时候开始这项工作。 We havent decided where to go for lunch. 我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。 I dont know which advise to follow. 不晓得该听谁的劝告。 I learned what expressions t

26、o use in public. 我懂得在公共场所中应使用什么措辞。 How to begin is more difficult than where to stop. 如何着手远比在何处结束来得困难。 You should know what to cook to eat. 你应该知道该煮什么来吃。 The problem is when to get the money we need. 问题是什么时候能得到我们所需要的钱。 There are so many fancy cars on display here that I dont know which to buy. 有这么多的豪

27、华汽车在此展出，我不知要买哪一辆才好。公式25. only to do .结构onlymerelysimplyjustto-不定词说明此句型意为“竟然；却”。表示与先前的努力相反的结果，一般用在句尾。 He studied hard only to fail in the exam. 他这么用功，结果竟然考场失利。 He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。 He tried a second time only to fail again. 他再试一次，竟然还是失败。 He tr

28、ied to increase his income by gambling only to plunge more deeply into the mire. 他企图藉赌博增加收入，却陷入了更深的困境。 I went out, merely to get caught in a shower. 我跑出去，结果徒然碰到一场骤雨。. have only to do .公式26make/have sb. do sth.结构主语makehavebidlet受词（人）不定词原形说明此句型意为“要嘱咐叫”。使役动词中，make、have、bid、let 等字加了受词之后，要接原形动词做受词补语，与使用分

29、词相比，不定词原形重点在事实。变成被动语态时，该受词补语要变成不定词词组。但是 have 当使役动词时，无被动语态。 I made him do it. 我叫他做这事。 I let him do it. 我让他做这事。 They had/made the girl clean the floor. 他们叫这个女孩打扫地板。 The mother bade the child behave himself. 妈妈叮咛孩子要守规矩。 He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按时完成工作。 My father will probably ha

30、ve Tom paint the house green.我爸爸很可能叫汤姆把房子漆成绿色。He had me help him with his homework. 他叫我帮忙他做家庭作业。公式27. want/like to do .结构主语一般及物动词不定词（toV）。说明常以不定词作为受词的及物动词有：like（喜欢），want（想要），try（设法）， love（喜爱），hate（讨厌），forget（忘记），begin（开始），start（开始），need（必须）。 Some students hate to study English. 有些学生不喜欢研读英语。 You need

31、 to study in a quiet place. 你必须在一个安定的地方读书。 He likes to go to the movie. 他喜欢去看电影。She wants to help Mary. 她想要帮助玛丽。公式28. want/ask sb. to do .结构主语wantasktell 等受词to-不定词说明不定词放在受词的后面，用于补充说明受词的动作，叫做“受词补语”；当不定词要表达“不要做某事”的意思时，则须采用不定词的否定式，即直接在不定词前加 not。常用的此类动词有 want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge

32、，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。 I told him not to goof around. 我叫他不要游手好闲。 The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam. 老师劝他的学生准备考试。 They forced me to do things against my will. 他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。 Do you want me to go there instead of you? 要不要我代你到那儿去？ I got him to do it. 我叫他做这事。

33、Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们帮助我，使我能够顺利地完成工作。 A sense of humor enabled him to get along well with others. 幽默感使他能与人相处愉快。 The heavy workload forced me to cancel the camping trip.繁重的工作量迫使我取消去露营。 The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone. 父亲答应让他的儿子单独出国旅行。 We

34、troubled him to turn on the light. 我们麻烦他打开电灯。 We needed someone to fix the tape recorder. 我们需要有人来修理录音机。公式29keep . from doingThe heavy snow kept them from walking on. 大雪阻止了他们继续步行。公式30have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。 I have some trouble (in) working out this problem.解出这道题我有些困难。公式31st

35、op/prevent.(from) doing sth.意为“阻止做某事”。 We must stop him (from) going to swim in the river.我们必须阻止他去河里游泳。Nobody can stop me from going ahead. 没有人能阻止我前行。.公式32spend . (in) doing说明此句型意为“花用若干时间做”。要用人做主语。等于“It takes时间to-不定词”。 He spent his last years (in) teaching and editing earlier writings. 他把晚年用在教书和编纂以前

36、的著作。 How much time do you spend practicing English everyday? 你每天花多少时间练习英文？ He is going to spend his last years writing a book on the history of Chinese literature. 他打算用晚年写一本中国文学史。 She spends too much time (in) dressing herself. 她用太多的时间装扮自己。He spent much of his spare time roaming about the streets.他把

37、大部分的闲暇时间用来逛街。公式33have fun doingThe children are having fun learning to dance.孩子们正在兴味盎然地学习跳舞。公式34There is no time to do sth；sb have no time to do sth1）There is no time to have a break.没有时间休息了。2）I have no time to go home for lunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭。公式35. pretend to .结构主语pretendto-不定词that-子句说明此句型意为“假装”。preten

38、d 后面用 to-不定词或 that 子句。 He was pretending to climb a mountain. 他假装在爬山。 She pretended not to go. 她假装不去。 He pretended to be a good man. 他假装是好人。 Lets pretend (that) we are pirates. 让我们玩假装海盗的游戏吧！公式36. stop to .结构主语stopto-不定词说明此句型意为“停下来”。若“stopVing”是“停止”。 They just dont stop to think. 他们就是不停下来想一想。 They st

39、opped to look into the window. 他们停下来看看橱窗。I have stopped smoking for half a year. 我已经半年不抽烟了。公式37have nothing to doThey have nothing to do at weekends. 他们周末无所事事。公式38. be meant to .结构主语be meantto-不定词说明此句型意为“是有意要；是命中注定要”。“be meant to V”有时变成“be meant for N”。 Some TV programs are meant to be watched today

40、 and forgotten tomorrow. 有些电视节目的用意是要今天观赏，明天忘掉。 He believes he is meant to be a great man. 他相信他命中要成为伟人。 This dictionary is meant for you. 这本字典是要给你的。公式39结构主语prefer动名词名词to动名词名词说明此句型意为“宁可而不愿；喜欢而不喜欢”。动名词的位置可以换成名词。 In the U.S., people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they dont know. 在美国，人

41、们宁可等着空的桌子，而不愿和不认识的人坐在一起。 Some people prefer sitting up to going to bed early. 有些人宁可熬夜，而不早睡。He said he preferred country life to city life. 他说他喜欢乡下生活，而不喜欢都市生活。公式40 be afraid of / to do / that.Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。公式41：. used to + V .结构主语used to原形动词说明此句型

42、意为“以前（常）”。等于“主语would often原形动词”。这是一种表过去的经验的句构，对比地叙述过去与现在。而“would原形动词”也可表示过去的习惯，但“used to .”比“would .”规则。 Difficult problems used to take hours of work with pencil and paper. 困难的问题以前总是需要用笔和纸工作数小时。 There used to be a post office there. 以前在那里有一个邮局。 I used to (=would often) go fishing. 我以前常去钓鱼。 We used

43、to hear the train whistle at night. 过去我们常会在晚上听到火车的汽笛声。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 他常常什么也不做，一坐就是好几小时。公式42. would like to V .结构主语would like（sb.）to原形动词说明此句型意为“想要”。would like 是一种表示意愿的动词，后接不定词 to 引导的原形动词。“should like to .”虽有同样的意思，但较少用于第2，3人称。 Would you like to have a look at the picture? - Yes, I should very much like to. 你想瞧瞧这画吗？是的！很想！ I would like to take a trip around the world toward the end of this year. 我想在今年底环游世界。 I would like you to meet Mr. Jones. 我想让你见见琼斯先生。 I would like him to do it. 我想要他做这事。