专题06 并列句、三大从句及特殊句式的探究（讲义）（解析版）-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用）.docx

1、专题06 并列句、三大从句及特殊句式的探究01专题网络思维脑图02考情分析解密高考03高频考点以考定法考点二 定语从句【高考解密】命题点 关系词的确定【技巧解密】【考向预测】考点一 并列句和特殊句式【高考解密】 命题点01 并列连词的确定命题点02 特殊句式【技巧解密】【考向预测】考点三 状语从句【高考解密】命题点 从属连词的确定【技巧解密】【考向预测】考点三 名词性从句【高考解密】命题点01 宾语从句命题点02 主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句【技巧解密】【考向预测】 04核心素养微专题微专题 无提示词从句的解题技巧05创新好题分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问并列句和特殊句式核心价值：高考英语试

2、卷试题取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。融入中华优秀传统文化，增强学生的文化自信。如 2023年新高考全国I卷语法填空介绍小笼包；又如 2022年新高考全国I卷语法填空语篇报道中国设立大熊猫保护国家公园的情况，介绍中国生态文明建设成就。这些语篇和情境通过讲述中国故事，以浸润的方式引导学生加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义核心价值观的认同，增强文化自信，厚植爱国主义情怀。学科素养：1. 从选材方面来说，近几年的语法填空选材新颖，紧跟时代脚步和热门话题，体现时代性和立德树人，强调中国元素，引入传统文化的介绍，融

3、入人与自然和谐发展的观念，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展。2. 从考查的能力方面来说，在高考试卷中，语法填空对英语学习的考查是多方面的，主要从单词的记忆、语法知识的掌握、长难句分析和语言的感知、推理能力、逻辑判断能力和思维能力等。从考查的考点角度分析，主要考查点包括名词的单复数，代词的指代，冠词的用法，介词、动词短语的固定搭配，形容词、副词的变形，谓语动词的时态语态，动词的非谓语形式变化，并列连词和复合句的考查等。2023年新高考I卷语法填空: or2023年新高考II卷语法填空: and2023年全国乙卷语法填空:but2023年(1月)语法填空: and2022年新高考I卷语法填空:and20

4、22年新高考II卷语法填空: and2022年全国乙卷语法填空:and2021年新高考I卷语法填空: and 2021年新高考II卷语法填空: and2021年全国甲卷语法填空: but2021年浙江卷(1月)语法填空: and 2022年新高考II卷语法填空: how +to do 作宾语定语从句2023年全国甲卷语法填空:where；as2023年全国乙卷语法填空: which/that2023年北京卷语法填空: where2022年新高考I卷语法填空: that2022年全国甲卷语法填空:who2022年北京卷语法填空:which2022年浙江卷(1月)语法填空: that/who202

5、1年新高考II卷语法填空: which或that2021年北京卷语法填空:that；where2021年浙江卷(1月)语法填空:that 或 which名词性从句2023年新高考II卷语法填空: why表语从句2023年浙江卷(1月)语法填空: whether或if宾语从句2022年新高考II卷语法填空: how +to do 作宾语2022年北京卷语法填空: whether宾语从句2021年新高考I卷语法填空:what 主语从句考点一 并列句和特殊句式命题点 01 并列连词的确定典例01（2023新高考卷 语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dang

6、erously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.【答案】or【解析】考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。此处考查短语

7、whetheror“是还是”。典例02（2023新高考卷 语法填空）Its been an honour to watch the panda programme develop 64. to see the pandas settle into their new home.【答案】and【解析】考查连词。句意:能够见证熊猫计划的发展并看到熊猫们适应新家,这是一份荣耀。根据句意可知,空前to watch the panda programme develop和空后to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系,故本空应用并列连词and。典例

8、03（2023全国乙卷 语法填空）It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldnt work,65. somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.【答案】but/yet【解析】考查连词。句意:这是一个明显的视觉对比,本应无法协调组合在一起,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界很好地结合在了一起。根据句意可知,本空前后文为转折关系,故本空应用表示转折的连词but或yet。一、 并列句用法连词表并列、递进或顺承关系and，both. and.，neither. nor

9、.，not only. but also. ，as well as表转折关系but(不可与although/though连用), yet表选择关系either. or. ，not. but.，or，or else，rather than表因果关系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soand与or用于并列句祈使句and陈述句，and表顺承祈使句or陈述句，or表转折while表对比强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个

10、简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。I came here and he went there. 我来这儿, 他去那儿。I like bread and milk, but I dont like eggs at all. 我喜欢面包和牛奶, 但我一点儿也不喜欢鸡蛋。This is our first lesson, so the teacher doesnt know all our names. 这是我们的第一堂课, 因此l老师

11、不知道我们大家的名字。Hurry up or we will late for school. 快一点，否则我们要迟到了。并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。The teacher even told us a funny story，and everyone laughed so much! 老师还给我们讲了个笑话，惹得每个人都哈哈大笑！Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did

12、 not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 (2

13、)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。This district used to be a poor area of town, but it is now a centre for art, music, and food. 这个区过去是城里的一个贫困区域，而现在是艺术、音乐和美食中心。The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldnt find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作已有数月之久, 但是仍然没有找到任何工作。(3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or els

14、e、otherwise、either. . . or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 必须把它们从炉火边拿走, 不然就有可能烤糊。You need to pay your bill immediately，or else your water and electricity will be cut off. 你得马上付你的帐单，否则你的水和电将被切断。(4)表示原因, 常用for。They had often heard of elephants, but they had

15、 never seen one, for being blind, how could they? 他们常常听说大象, 但从来没看到过, 因为他们是盲人, 怎么能看到呢? (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。It was dark, so we went home. 天晚了, 所以我们就回家了。The young boy worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy so beautiful house. 那个年轻人夜以继日地工作, 所以他有能力买那个漂亮的房子。二、 特殊句式考点1倒装1：完全倒装种类倒装条件例句完全倒

16、装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.2：部分倒装种类倒装条件例句部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know what

17、had happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realize the importance of English.not only.but also.连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.neither.nor.连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.so.that,such.that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装So busy is he that he

18、 cannot go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is,he has learned a lot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事He can play the piano.So can I.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虚拟条件Were I you,I would not do it in this way.考点2 省略1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope

19、, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. I didnt want to go there, but I had to

20、. Will you join in the game? Id be glad to. (2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。He made me laugh. Please have him come here. I was made to laugh by him. (3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。 Are you a college student? No,

21、but I want to be. (4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不定式去掉to。I didnt have any choice but to wait. I could do nothing but wait patiently. (5)不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的不定式可省略to。What we must do is (to) protect the environment. (6)两个及以上不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。My mothers j

22、ob is to look after the baby and clean the house. 2. 虚拟语气中if的省略在虚拟条件从句中，如果把助动词were, had, should提到句首，if要省略。Were I you, I would go with her. 3. 限制性定语从句中关系词的省略(1)关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中作动词宾语或作句子末端介词的宾语时可省略。Is there anything (that) you want?Who is the man (that) you were talking to?(2)关系代词that在定

23、语从句中作表语时可省略。Wuhan today is not the city (that) it was. (3)关系副词when, where, why通常不能省略，但有特殊情况，即用于day, year, time, place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, the reason等少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)，常用于口语。That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad. This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.

24、Thats the reason (why/for which/that) he came. 4. 在对话中，常用so或not来代替上文的一部分或整个从句。这种用法常见的词有hope, think, be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear等。 She must look like a pretty girl. Yes, I think so. Could I take this book out? Sorry, Im afraid not. 考点3强调强调句的基本构成为:

25、It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用thatIt was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”Was it in high school that you began pla

26、ying basketball?Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.考点4反意疑问句1：陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt

27、 he?当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,wont he/she?They dont believe he will succeed,do they?2：陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,n

28、ever,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式He could hardly speak English,could he?带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式He dislikes playing the piano,doesnt he?考点5感叹句What a(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What an interesting story it is!What a happy day it is!What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful butterflies they are!How

29、+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!How tall a boy he is!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How well she plays!考向01-并列连词的确定1.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】He recently returned home for a visit and wanted to have some barbecue, 52 he failed to find seats in four different restaurants.【答案】but【解析】考查连词。句意：他最近回家探亲，想去吃烧烤，但在四家不同的餐馆都找不到座位。根据句意

30、可知，前后两个句子之间是转折关系，强调本地人黄杨回家探亲想吃烧烤，但是都找不到座位，空处应用连词but。故填but。 2. (2023湖北武汉统考模拟预测) Atuleer, a 200-year-old village in Sichuan province, made headlines around the world when photographs emerged in 2016 of schoolchildren going down the cliff (悬崖) on unstable hand-made ladders (梯子) _ “sky ladders”, as loca

31、ls called them.【答案】or【解析】考查连词。句意：四川有200年历史的阿土勒尔村在2016年登上了世界各地的头条新闻，当时有照片显示，小学生们攀爬不稳定的手工梯子，当地人称之为“天梯”上下悬崖。空前“hand-made ladders”和空后“sky ladders”是同一事物的两种称呼，用or。故填or。3.【2023届湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三下学期模拟】Compared with more physically demanding sports such as the ballgames, swimming or gym workouts, Baduanjin

32、is slow and usually accompanied by 36 soft music, 37 it used to be considered as the exclusive sport for the elders.【答案】so【解析】考查连词。句意：同上。根据上文“Baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by soft music(八段锦运动速度较慢，通常伴随着轻柔的音乐)”以及下文“it used to be considered as the exclusive sport for the elders(它曾被认为是老年人的专属

33、运动)”可知上下文之间为因果关系，空白处应填表示因果关系的连词，故填so。考点二 定语从句命题点 定语从句关系词的确定典例01（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that【解

34、析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。典例02（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.【答案】as【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在明天的寓言中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语

35、从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。典例03【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健

36、康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。This is the house which we bought last month. (2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 当先行词

37、是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 考点2 关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关

38、系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works ab

39、road is my deskmate.that人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same

40、pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which替换why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which替换考点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(1)先行词是all,

41、everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。I will tell you everything that I know. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to?(3)先行词被the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some等限定词修饰。Chatting is the only thing that interest

42、s her. (4)先行词中既有人也有物。The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me. (5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。Who is the boy that is lying under the tree?2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：(1)“介词关系代词”结构中。The house in which we live is very large. (2)非限制性定语从句中。He changed his mind, which made me angry. (3)先行词本身是

43、that。What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now?考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略His mother,whom

44、 he loved deeply,died ten years ago.考点5关系代词as和which的区别1. 位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。As we all know, life is not a bed of roses. Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know. 2. 意义不同。as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。As often h

45、appened, they won the football game again. It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out. 3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。Such books as you want are sold out. 考向01-定语从句关系代词的确定1.（2023湖南省邵阳市第二中月考）Youth Day in China falls on May 4. It originates from the May 4th Movement, _36_ happened dur

46、ing World War One. China attended the so called “Peace Conference” in Paris as one of the victorious nations. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它起源于发生在第一次世界大战期间的五四运动。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“May 4th Movement”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。2.（2023届湖北省高三5月国度省考模拟测试试题） Having survived many centuries, kites

47、 have become one of the countrys representative traditional handicrafts, _ making techniques were included in the list of Chinas national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006. 【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是kites，和making techniques是所属关系，应使用关系代词whose，故填whose。3.（2023届湖南

48、省长沙市第一中学高三模拟试题） Technological transformation is affecting the way in _ people learn and children grow. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：技术变革正在影响人们学习和儿童成长的方式。定语从句修饰先行词the way，且the way在从句中作方式状语，故用in which。故填which。4. (2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations,_ are t

49、he best gift that nature has granted us.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几千年前，他们形成了那些古老的茶园，这是大自然赐予我们最好的礼物。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those ancient tea plantations（指物），从句缺主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。考向02-定语从句关系副词的确定1.（2023年浙江宁波镇海中学测试） To practise calligraphy requires the basic tools of four treasures of study, writing

50、 brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged with fluid ink, and writing on the paper_the ink will diffuse (扩散) quickly.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词paper，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。2.（2023年浙江省北斗星盟高三5月联考试题）Taiping Kowkui. Eve

51、ry spring foggy days moisten the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come. 【答案】when【解析】考查连词。句意：每年春天，当雾气笼罩着翠绿的山坡时，村民们知道他们的收成就要到来了。根据句意可知，此处为连词when“当时候”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填when。考点三 名词性从句命题点01 宾语从句典例01【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my sons life, said Mrs. Brown. I dont know _45_ to thank him. ”【答

52、案】 how【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。典例02（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _ she could do so remotely.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不

53、完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。典例03【2021新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song The Long and Winding Road.1is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】what【解析】1： 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_is so breathing about the experience 作 i

54、s 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。命题点02 主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句典例01【2023年新高考全国卷】They also need to be ready to give _41_interviews_ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _42_ they need an English trainer. 【答案】why【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，

55、前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。典例02【2019年全国卷 】. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。考点1

56、基本用法引导词类别常见引导词作用连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义，在从句中担任状语成分从属连词that, whether, if除that外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用考点2 主语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词： that, whether,

57、 if(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever2. it作形式主语在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：(1)Itbe形容词从句：It is necessary that. 有必要It is important that. 重要的是It is obvious that. 很明显(2)It

58、be过去分词从句：It is believed that. 人们相信It is known to all that. 众所周知It has been decided that. 已决定(3)Itbe名词(短语)从句：It is common knowledge that. 是常识It is a surprise that. 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that. 事实是(4)It不及物动词/动词短语从句：It appears that. 似乎It happens that. 碰巧It occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想起It doesnt matter whether

59、. 没有关系考点3宾语从句动词+宾语从句I want to know what he has told you.介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了)Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.fin

60、d,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等+it+宾语从句I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.形容词+宾语从句Im sure that they can make it.考点4表语从句1. 引导词在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的

61、连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear等。表语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词： that, whether(2)连接代词： what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever(3)连接副词： how, when, where, why2. 几种特殊的表语从句(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句此类表语从句常出现在seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也

62、可用虚拟语气。It sounds as if you are from Canada. It seemed as if she had heard the news. (2) because和why引导的表语从句此类表语从句常用于以下句型：this/that is why. 这/那是的原因this/that is because. 这/那是因为注意：主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，而不用because或why。The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk. The re

63、ason for yesterdays accident is that the driver was drunk. 考点5同位语从句常见的能接同位语从句的名词belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引导词同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略例句The news that our women volleyball te

64、am had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.The question where we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided.考点6连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用1. 用whether或if均可的情况(1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。(2) it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall study abroad. 2. 用wheth

65、er而不用if的情况(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. Whether he will succeed, I cant say. (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether we can get in touch with him. He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting. (3)引导介词的宾语从句Everything depends on whether we have fre

66、e time. (4)引导词与or not连用He doesnt know whether or not he is going to stay. (5)引导词后接to doThey needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting. (6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (7)避免用if引导产生歧义Let me know whether you are coming to our party. 考向01-宾语从句连接词

67、的确定1. 八省1月联考Any seasoned language learner will tell you _ the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. 【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。任何一个经验丰富的语言学习者都会告诉你，掌握一门外语的美妙之处在于它为你打开的世界。此处句子结构完整，that在此不作成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。故填that。2.（2023江苏省镇江南京部分学校九校高三学情调研联考）Breathwork is thought to influe

68、nce the vagus nerve, which stretches from the brain to the gut and makes up the majority of _57_ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：呼吸训练被认为会影响迷走神经，迷走神经从大脑延伸到肠道，构成了副交感神经系统的大部分。分析句子结构，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。考向02-主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句连接词的确定1. 2022吉林省吉林市高三第

69、一次调研考试Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _ she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.【答案】that【解析】考查主语从句。有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难以置信。此处是一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用that。故填that。2. (2023福建龙岩第一中学三模)T

70、he reason why human culture can be exchanged and spread is_ the civilization itself has deep value.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意：人类文化之所以能够交流和传播，是因为文明本身具有深厚的价值。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故填that。考点四 状语从句命题点 状语从句连接词的确定典例01【2022年天津卷第二次】_ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be

71、too proud.A. Ever sinceB. Even ifC. In caseD. As though【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使在工作中取得巨大成功，我们也不应该骄傲。A. Ever since自从；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. In case以免；D. As though好像。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，两个句子之间为让步关系，even if意为“即使，尽管”符合语境。故选B项。典例02【2020 全国三卷】5he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he coul

72、d find the legendary（传奇的） artist, they smiled andpointed down the river.【答案】When 或 As 【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示当时候，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。典例03【2019年全国卷III】 On our way to the house，it was raining _61_ hard that we couldnt

73、 help wondering how long it would take _62to get_ (get)there.【答案】so【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“sothat”意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。状语从句的类型及常见连接词状语从句类型常见连接词时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, immediately, as soon as, every time地点状语从句where, wherever让步状语从句though/

74、although, even if/even though, while, “疑问词-ever”， “no matter疑问词”条件状语从句if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that, for the reason that结果状语从句so that, so/such. that目的状语从句so that, in order that, for fear (that), i

75、n case比较状语从句than, as. as, not so. as方式状语从句as, as if/as though考点1 时间状语从句关联词或短语意义例句when,while,as当的时候He jumped up when the phone rang.We listened while the teacher read.The phone rang just as I was leaving.(as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词)till,until直到Jane completed her last novel Per

76、suasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.(until要与延续性动词连用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连用)since自从It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。(其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同)the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.;a

77、s soon as;directly,immediately,once一就Tell him the news as soon as you see him.I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her.I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.I went home directly I had finished work.Once he arrives,we can start.考点2结果状语从句关联短语或结构意义例句so that结果He didnt plan his time well,so

78、that he didnt finish his work in time.so+形容词/副词+that从句如此以至于Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him.so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it.so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for al

79、l of us.such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.考点3让步状语从句关联词或短语意义例句though,although虽然Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.

80、(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用)as虽然Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.(在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换)even if,even though即使Even though/if you say so,I do not believe it.no matter what,whatever,no matter who,whoever,no matter which,whic

81、hever,no matter how,however,no matter when,whenever无论Whoever breaks laws will be punished.=No matter who breaks laws,he/she will be punished.(“疑问词+ever”=“no matter +疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句)while尽管,虽然While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.(一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系)whether.or not

82、无论(是否)Whether you believe it or not,it is true.考点4条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的常用连接词有if, once, unless, in case, as/so long as, on condition that, supposing (that), given (that), providing/provided (that) 等。1. if(1)若主句为将来时，if从句多用一般现在时表将来。If it snows tomorrow, we will go skiing. (2) if possible/necessary意为“如有可能，如有必

83、要”。If (it is) necessary, please bring your computer here. (3) only if和 if onlyonly if意为“只有”， 置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。if only 意为“但愿，要是就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气。Only if you work harder can you catch up with others. If only it could be sunny tomorrow. 2. unlessunless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，否则”，可替换成if. not.。Please dont speak, u

84、nless you are invited. Please dont speak, if you are not invited. 考点5比较状语从句比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用than, as. as.， not as/so. as.等引导。1. than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。Its easier than I thought. I sing better than he does. He doesnt sing as well as I do. 2. as. as.表示“前者与后者一样”，not as/so. as.表示“前者不如后者”，形容词和副词均用原级。常用于以下句型：as

85、adj. /adv. asasadj. a/an可数名词单数asasmany/few可数名词复数asasmuch/little不可数名词asI have as good a sister as you have. Im not as considerate as so many people seem to think. They are having almost as much unemployment as we are. 考点6状语从句中的省略1. 在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中，当从句和主句主语一致，且从句中又有be动词时，可将从句主语及be动词省略。He opene

86、d the desk drawer, as if (he was) in search of something important. 2. 当从句主语为代词it，从句中又有be动词时，从句主语及be动词可省略。Come along with your teacher if (it is) possible. 3. 当从句是there be结构时，there be可省略。You can ask me questions if (there are) any. 4. 在as, than引导的状语从句中，可省略与主句中重复的任何成分及be动词。She speaks English better t

87、han he (speaks English). You should do it as (you were) told to (do it). 考点7状语从句中的倒装1. no sooner. than.和hardly/scarcely. when.引导时间状语从句，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，需将no sooner和hardly/scarcely所在的句子部分倒装，且常用过去完成时，其后的than和when连接的句子不倒装，常用一般过去时。Hardly had he begun to speak when his wife stopped him. 2.

88、not until.位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，not until从句不倒装。Not until he came back yesterday evening did we finish the work. 3. if虚拟条件状语从句谓语含were, should, had时可将if省略，把were, should, had移至主语前。Should he be here ( If he should be here) next week, he would help us. 4. so. that.和such. that.引导的结果状语从句中，若将“so adj./adv.”或“such n.

89、”置于句首，主句要部分倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 5. as/though引导让步状语从句的倒装结构为：名词/形容词/副词/分词as/though主语谓语，动词as/though主语助动词。若是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词a/an。Child as/though he is, he can take care of himself. Try as/though he might, he could not find a job. Much as/though I like it, I wont buy it. 6. h

90、owever, whatever引导的让步状语从句。However/No matter how hard he worked, he couldnt solve the problem. Whatever/No matter what reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. 考向01-状语从句从属连词的确定1.【2023届浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷】Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work _ China increased its aid to Turkey

91、 and neighboring Syria.【答案】as/when【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：当中国增加对土耳其和邻国叙利亚的援助时，许多民间救援队积极参与救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知， China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria.是时间状语从句，连词用as/when。故填as/when。2.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试】The city was barely known by outsiders 13 it went viral on Chinese social media pla

92、tforms recently. 【答案】before/until【解析】考查连词。句意：最近在中国社交媒体平台上走红之前，这座城市几乎不为外人所知。分析句子可知，空处缺从属连词连接句子引导时间状语从句，不为人所知是发生在走红之前的动作，用before。再者notuntil意为“直到才”。也可以填写until。故填before/until。无提示词从句的解题技巧 技法指导1 -填并列连词(1)当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分之间存在并列、转折、选择或因果关系时,空格处一般填并列连词。(2)并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词十简单句”构成,有时并列连词前

93、有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词。示例1(2021新高考卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlightsThe whole adventure _ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.分析 考查连词。空格后的动词 offers 与前面的动词 highlights 构成并列关系,故填 and。技法指导2-填从属连词从属连词是指三大从句的引导词,即用来引导名词性从句、定语从句

94、和状语从句的连接词与关系词。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。(1)名词性从句: 从句不缺少句子成分,且句意完整,填 that;有“是否”之意,填whether/if。从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语时,填连接代词;缺少状语,填连接副词。示例 (2021新高考I卷) _is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-worldscenes.分析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ is so breathtaking about the experien

95、ce”是主语从 句,空处在从句中作主语,表示“事物”,且位于句首。故填What。(2)定语从句: 当确定为定语从句后,先分析先行词,再分析先行词在从句中充当的成分,由这两方面来确定使用关系代词还是关系副词,以及具体使用哪个关系词。示例 Lets visit the Forbidden City, art collections are brought together in one impressive museum. 分析 分析句子结构可知，先行词为“the Forbidden City”，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少状语，先行词为地点，所以应填关系副词where。故填where

96、。(3)状语从句: 当确定为状语从句后,分析从句在句子中充当什么状语:时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,再根据句意和语境来确定从属连词。示例 (2020全国卷) _he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.分析 分析句子结构可知,这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面是时间状语从句,故用连词 when 或 as 引导时间状语从句。故填 When/As。1（浙江省金华十校2

97、022-2023学年高三4月模拟考试预演预演试题）The unforeseen event made researchers excavate (挖掘) and document at least parts of this city as quickly as possible_it sank again.【答案与解析】before。考查连词。句意：这一始料未及的事件促使研究人员在这座城市再次沉没之前，尽快挖掘并记录了至少部分地区的情况。根据语境可知，空格处意为“在之前”，用before，故填before。2. （2023届吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期第二

98、次模拟）A giant Ferris wheel in the shape of a snowflake has been built in the park to provide tourists with a unique experience in a dazzling world _ night falls.【答案与解析】when。考查连词。句意：公园里建造了一个巨大的雪花形状的摩天轮，当夜幕降临时，游客可以在一个令人眼花缭乱的世界中获得独特的体验。分析句子成分可知，空处应为连词。结合句意，当夜幕降临，表示时间状语从句。故填when。3（2023届江苏省苏北七市高三下学期第二次联考英语

99、试题）Today, the time-honored folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people _ is presenting its lively artistic charm (魅力) on a global stage.【答案与解析】and。考查连词。句意：今天，靖西太平鼓这一历史悠久的民间艺术正在被年轻人所接受，并在世界舞台上展示着其生动的艺术魅力。结合句意分析句子，“is being taken up.”和“is presenting .”是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填a

100、nd。4. （2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三第二次学业质量评价检测英语试题）The heritage site includes city ruins with palace remains, 11 early-stage dams, _85_ high-level cemetery sites.【答案与解析】 and。考查并列连词。句意：遗产包括城市遗址和宫殿遗迹，11个早期大坝和高级墓地遗址。分析句子可知，此处与空前的“city ruins with palace remains”为并列结构，结合句意可知，两者均是the heritage site所包含的内容，所以此处应为并

101、列关系。故填and。5. （2023届浙江省杭州市高三下学期第二次教学质量检测英语试题）Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularly during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, _ tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other important items, such

102、as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi. 【答案与解析】when. 考查定语从句。句意：中国茶文化在唐朝（618-907）开始流行，并在整个宋朝蓬勃发展，当时茶已经成为几乎所有人的必需品，从贵族、学者到普通人，就像宋朝政治家和思想家王安石所建议的大米、油和盐等其他重要物品一样。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Song Dynasty”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词“when”引导从句。故填when。6.（2023届湘豫两省名校联考高三下学期第二次模拟考

103、试英语试题）A large number of visitors have paid a visit to the exhibition so far,_demonstrates local peoples enthusiasm for traditional Chinese culture.【答案与解析】which。考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，已有大量参观者参观了该展览，这体现了当地人民对中国传统文化的热情。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替句中所述之事在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。7.（2023届湘豫两省名校联

104、考高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题）There is no doubt_more and more people will love Chinese culture in the future.【答案与解析】that。考查名词性从句。句意：毫无疑问，将来会有越来越多的人喜欢中国文化。There is no doubt that.是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问，”，其中that引导同位语从名。故填that。8（2023届江苏省苏北七市高三下学期第二次联考英语试题）Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the dru

105、m playing, all of _ represent distinctive local features.【答案与解析】which。考查定语从句。句意：鼓乐体现了中国传统的审美观念，具有鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the drum playing，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。9（河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高中下学期毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题）Because texts are more complex _the meaning of every word combin

106、ed, language models require a type of neural (神经的)network that can make sense of texts.【答案与解析】than。考查比较级。句意：由于文本比每个单词的意义组合起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络。由more complex可知，前后文表示比较，故填than。10（河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高中下学期毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题）The neural network can infer _the word means by tracking where it appears in a s

107、entence. Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately.【答案与解析】what。考查宾语从句。句意：神经网络可以通过追踪单词在句子中的出现位置来推断单词的意思。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少means的宾语，指物，用连接代词what引导从句，故填what。11. （2023届新疆维吾尔自治区高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题）Chinese tea culture, _ has been connecting China with the rest of the world thro

108、ughout the ages, will carry forward in the future.【答案与解析】which。考查定语从句。句意：古往今来，中国茶文化将中国与世界其他国家联系在一起，在未来将继续发扬光大。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chinese tea culture，从句缺少主语，指物。故填which。12. （2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三第二次学业质量评价检测英语试题）The ruins, _ core area covers 14.3 square kilometers in the northwest of Hangzhou, are consid

109、ered as important representation of early urban civilization, with rice-growing agriculture as the economicfoundation.【答案与解析】whose。考查定语从句。句意：该遗址的核心区域位于杭州西北部，占地14.3平方公里，被认为是早期城市文明的重要代表，以水稻种植农业为经济基础。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the ruins与空后的core area之间为所属关系，所以使用关系代词whose。故填whose。13（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学

110、高三第二次学业质量评价检测英语试题）The heritage site includes city ruins with palace remains, 11 early-stage dams, _ high-level cemetery sites.【答案与解析】and.考查并列连词。句意：遗产包括城市遗址和宫殿遗迹，11个早期大坝和高级墓地遗址。分析句子可知，此处与空前的“city ruins with palace remains”为并列结构，结合句意可知，两者均是the heritage site所包含的内容，所以此处应为并列关系。故填and。14（2023届江苏省南京市高三第二次调研

111、考试英语试题）And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou, the very period_ turned the city into a major cultural center.【答案与解析】that.考查定语从句。句意：明朝标志着苏州经济的繁荣，也正是在这个时期，苏州成为了一个重要的文化中心。定语从句修饰先行词period，从句缺少主语，由the very修饰只能用that引导。故填that。15（2023届四川省成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测英语试题）Galactic Energy conducted th

112、e first Ceres-1 launch on November 7, 2020, _ _ makes it the second Chinese private company to launch a satellite into low Earth orbit successfully.【答案与解析】which。考查定语从句。句意：星河动力于2020年11月7日首次发射谷神星一号，这是中国第二家成功将卫星送入近地轨道的民营企业。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。16. （2023届湖南省九校联盟高三第

113、二次联考英语试题）Moreover, for those who love hiking, jogging or cycling, the Thousand Islands Lake in Chunan County is an ideal destination_ _ it boasts 1, 078 islands, winding roads and charming villages. 【答案与解析】as/because/ since/ for. 考查连词。句意：此外，对于那些喜欢徒步旅行、慢跑或骑自行车的人来说，淳安县的千岛湖是一个理想的目的地，因为它拥有1078个岛屿、蜿蜒的道路和

114、迷人的村庄。分析句子可知，此处应为连词；根据句意，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故填as/because/since/for。17.（2023届辽宁省县级重点高中联合体4月份第二次模拟考试英语试题）Hikers at the Great Wall _ have come across Zhou Wenjun consider themselves lucky.【答案与解析】who/that. 考查定语从句。句意：在长城上偶遇周文君的徒步旅行者认为自己很幸运。分析句子结构可知，此句为限制性定语从句，先行词是Hikers，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填 who/that。

115、18. （2023届云南省第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测英语试题）These science knowledge competitions have been continuously) held for 12 years, attracting 60,000 teams_involving millions of students and teachers.【答案与解析】and. 考查连词。句意：在当地博物馆和自然科学组织的支持下，这些科学知识竞赛已经连续举办了12年，吸引了6万个团队，数百万学生和教师参与。此处attracting 60,000 teams与involving million

116、s of students and teachers为并列关系，故用连词and。故填and。19. （2023届云南省第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测英语试题）In this programme, students develop problem-solving abilities, deepen cross-cultural understanding, and explore_the future state of the natural world will be like.【答案与解析】what . 考查宾语从句。句意：在这个课程中，学生培养解决问题的能力，加深跨文化理解，并探索自然世界的

117、未来状态将是什么样子。引导宾语从句，表示“什么样子”，故用what。故填what。20. （2023届宁夏银川市高三下学期第二次统考试卷英语试题）The sellers from restaurants sell the food door to door, especially in the entertainment places like theaters, _ are crowded with many people.【答案与解析】which考查定语从句。句意：餐馆的小贩挨家挨户地推销食品，尤其是在戏院这样的娱乐场所，那里挤满了人。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the entertainment places，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which来引导，故填which。