专题07 被动语态-2020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期中专项复习（外研版）.docx

1、专题07：被动语态2020-2021学年八年级英语下学期期中专项复习第一部分被动语态知识梳理被动语态考向一：被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by. )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by)English isn t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by.)?Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No,

2、he wasn t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was

3、written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being

4、repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他H

5、e has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词

6、+ 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三：被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛

7、指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is

8、a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四：主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）。The famous professor gave two lectures in English.Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。

9、They often ask some questions after class. Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.I was given some good advice

10、on the pronunciation.Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被

11、动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.These children are taken good care of

12、. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五：主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake

13、 doesn t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：b

14、e seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调宾，用 be加上过去分。be要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。原句若是双宾语，一变主来一保宾。间宾要把主语变，原来直宾还是宾。直宾要把主语变，间宾前加to最称心。唯有原宾是复合，只有变宾要当心。原句宾补变主补，位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变被动，情态加be加过分。如若情态后带to，变后有to才弄准。短语动词变被动，相当及物莫疑心。不过其后介或副，变后还得要承认。第二部分被动语态专项训练一、单项选择1一 Have yo

15、u finished your report on green life?一Not yet. Ill make it if I _another two days.AgiveBam givenCwill giveDwill be given【答案】B【详解】句意：你完成了关于绿色生活的报告吗？还没有，如果再给我两天时间就可以了。考查动词语态。空处的句子为if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，所以从句应用一般现在时；并且主语是动作的承受者，句子应用被动语态，即一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：be+done，故选B。2A big screen_on the front wall in ou

16、r classroom.Ais hangedBis hungChangingDhanged【答案】B【详解】句意：一块大屏幕悬挂在我们教室的前面的墙上。考查动词的语态。hung是hang的过去式和过去分词，表示悬挂；hanged是hang的过去式和过去分词，表示绞死，上吊；hanging是hang的现在分词形式。此处根据“screen”可知表达“屏幕悬挂在墙上”，主语screen和hang是被动关系,用被动结构be done。此处用is hung。故选B。3We dont allow smoking in the cinema. But you are allowed _in the rest

17、 room.AsmokingBis smokingCto smokeDto smoking【答案】C【详解】句意：我们不许在电影院吸烟。但是你可以在休息室吸烟。考查固定搭配。smoke意为“吸烟”，smoking是其动词-ing形式，is smoking是现在进行时结构，to smoke是动词不定式结构，to smoking是干扰项，搭配错误，可排除。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，题干是其被动语态结构：sb+be+allowed to do sth.故选C。【点睛】allow的用法结构：1. allow doing sth. 允许做某事2. all

18、ow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事4These kinds of vegetables only in that shop over there. They_well.Aare sold; are soldBsell; sellCsell; are soldDare sold; sell【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：这些种类的蔬菜只有在那边的那家商店里有售。他们卖的不错。Sell可用作及物动词和不及物动词。其主语一般是指人，但是在表示某物卖得不错时，要用主动语态。结合语境可知前文主语是出售的对象，故用被动语态。下文表示某物卖得不错，故选D。考点：被动语态点评：此类题型主要是

19、确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态，反之如果是动宾关系，则用被动语态。注意一些接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词用作被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。5My bicycle doesnt work. It needs _ immediately.ArepairedBbeing repairedCrepairingDbeing repairing【答案】C【详解】句意：我的自行车坏了。它需要马上修理。考查主动表被动的用法。主语it与repair是被动关系，need doing sth=need to be done，主动形式表被动，故选C。6Speech and thou

20、ght bubbles _ so that the picture _ easily.Ahave been added, can be understoodBhave added, can be understoodChave been added, can be understandDhave added, can understand【答案】A【详解】句意：对话框和想法框已经被添加，这样图片就可以很容易被理解了。考查被动语态。句子主语“Speech and thought bubbles”与动词“add”之间是被动关系，所以要用被动结构，排除B/ D选项；后句主语“picture”与动词“

21、understand”之间也是被动关系，所以也用被动结构，故选A。7The room is so clean. Who _ it _ by just now?Ahas, cleanedBhas, been cleanedCwas, cleanedDdid, clean【答案】C【详解】句意：房间很干净。刚才是谁打扫的？考查时态和被动语态。根据“just now”可知，这里应用一般过去时，而句子主语是“it”，指代的是“the room”，与动词之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。8Your classroom is really bright and clean. It _ a

22、fter school every day.Ais cleanedBcleanedCwas cleanedDcleans【答案】A【详解】句意：你们的教室真是又明亮又干净。每天放学后我们都会打扫它。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“it(classroom)”与谓语“clean”是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态；根据“every day”可知，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。9I think many children will_ by the funny pictures.Awere attractedBattractCbe attractedDare attracted

23、【答案】C【详解】句意：我认为许多孩子将被有趣的图画吸引。考查时态和语态。根据by the funny pictures可知，此处用被动形式，根据will可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词，故选C。10His arm _ the chair by the kidnapper(绑匪). The only way to run away was to break the rope_.Awas tied to; as faster as he couldBwas tied to; as fast as he couldCwas tying to; as fast as poss

24、ibleDwas tying to; as faster as possible【答案】B【详解】句意：他的手臂被绑匪绑在椅子上。逃跑的唯一办法就是他能尽快地弄断绳索。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语arm与谓语tie之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且由“was”可知，时态是一般过去时，故第一空用一般过去时的被动语态；as+形容词+as one can/could=as+形容词+as possible，尽可能，其中形容词用原级，综合分析，故选B。11You know great changes_in our city in the past ten years.Ahave been tak

25、en placeBtook placeChave taken placeDwere taken place【答案】C【详解】句意：你知道在过去的十年里我们城市发生了巨大的变化。考查时态。take place发生；have been taken place现在完成时的被动语态，错误； took place过去式；have taken place现在完成时；were taken place过去时态的被动语态，错误；根据“in the past ten years.”可知需要用现在完成时，且主语是great changes，短语“发生”无被动语态。故选C。12How long_at this job

26、?Since 1990.Awere you employedBwill you be employedChad you been employedDhave you been employed【答案】D【详解】句意：你从事这份工作多久了？从1990年开始。考查动词时态辨析。were you employed一般过去时的被动语态；will you be employed一般将来时的被动语态；had you been employed过去完成时的被动语态；have you been employed现在完成时的被动语态。根据how long表示“多久”及下文回答since+过去时间，表示动作从过去

27、某个时间开始一直延续到现在，并有继续延续下去的可能，句子用现在完成时。主语you和动词employ是被动关系，所以空格处填现在完成时被动语态have you been employed。故选D。13These problems_ about so far.Ahavent talked Bhavent been discussedCwerent talked Dhavent been talked【答案】D【详解】句意：这些问题到目前为止还没有讨论。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据so far可知用现在完成时，“These problems”和“讨论”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，talk ab

28、out谈论，固定短语，故选D。14Your dress is so nice.Thanks! It_by my uncle as a birthday present.AboughtBwas boughtChas boughtDwill buy【答案】B【详解】句意：你的裙子真漂亮。谢谢!它是我叔叔给我买的生日礼物。考查一般过去时的被动语态。bought过去式；was bought一般过去时的被动语态；has bought现在完成时；will buy一般将来时。首先根据语境可知“购买生日礼物”这件事发生在过去，判断句子时态用一般过去时，且主语It（the dress）是动作buy的承受者，所以

29、用被动语态；一般过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，buy的过去分词是bought，故答案选B。15Basketball _after school twice a week.Ais playedBwill be playedCwas playedDare being played【答案】A【详解】句意：篮球在放学后一周打两次。A. is played一般现在时态的被动语态；B. will be played一般将来时态的被动语态；C. was played一般过去时态的被动语态；D. are being played现在进行时

30、态的被动语态。根据后面_after school twice a week可知，此句是一般现在时态被动语态，主语是Basketball，此空故填is played，故选A。二、完成句子16这本书是莫言先生在 1995 年写的。This book _ _ _Mo Yan in 1995.【答案】was written by 【详解】根据汉语与英语对照可知，此空的意思是“被写”的意思，根据句子结构可知，和时间状语in 1995可知，此句是一般过去时态的被动语态，结合句意可知，故答案为was written by。17哈利波特由七个系列组成。Harry Potter_seven series.【答案

31、】is made up of【详解】根据中文提示可知横线处填“由组成”，英语表达为bemadeupof，且主语是哈利波特这本书，需要用三单形式，将be动词改为is。故填is made up of。18我们在英语节上演一场英语剧。 An English play _ _ _ in the English Festival.【答案】was put on 【详解】根据句意可知，该句要用一般过去时，且“英语剧”和“上演”之间属于被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。“An English play”是第三人称单数，上演put on。根据一般过去时的被动语态结构“was/were+done”，故填was

32、 put on。19这首歌不受年轻人喜欢。 The song _ by young people.【答案】isnt liked/loved【详解】根据语境可知，该句为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done；“喜欢”可以用“like/love”表示；be not liked/loved表示“不受喜欢”，主语是The song，be动词用is，is和not可缩写为isnt。故填isnt liked/loved。三、改写句子20We have written a poem to encourage the people in danger. (改成被动语态)A poem _ _ written

33、to encourage the people in danger.【答案】has been 【详解】句意：我们写了一首诗来鼓励处于危险中的人们。原句是现在完成时，现在完成时的被动语态结构是have/has been done，因改写句中主语是A poem，故用has，套用结构，故答案为has been。21Toms father gave him a new bicycle as the birthday present. (改为被动句)A new bicycle_by his father as the birthday present.【答案】was given to Tom【详解】句意

34、：汤姆的父亲给他一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。原句的主语是Toms father ，谓语动词gave是一般过去时态；间接宾语是him，直接宾语是a new bicycle。变成被动，主语是a new bicycle,是第三人称单数;谓语动词变成被动形式was given；间接宾语用介词加上人“to Tom”。故答案为was given to Tom。22Kate looks after the cat every day. (改为被动句)The cat_every day.【答案】is looked after【详解】句意：凯特每天照顾猫。原句主语是Kate ，动词是looks after，宾语

35、是the cat。变成the cat做主语，是第三人称单数；根据“every day”可知是一般现在时态；谓语动词变成被动形式be done;此处表达“被照顾”用is looked after。故答案为is looked after。【点睛】改写句子填空如果所填是谓语动词，需要考虑人称和数的变化，以及时态和语态的问题。此题根据the cat判断是第三人称单数，根据every day判断是一般现在时态；the cat和look after是被动关系；综合以上可知是一般现在时的被动结构，答案是is looked after。四、用所给单词的正确形式填空23Mr. Lee has two _ (ma

36、rry) sons and they often come to visit him with their families.24What a pity! The cat _ (die) for a couple of hours.25Monaco is the second smallest _ (Europe) country in the world.26The theme park is _ (make) up of several areas.27Thousands of tourists come to the forest park to enjoy the natural _

37、(beautiful).【答案】23married24has been dead25European26made27beauty【解析】23句意：李先生有两个结了婚的儿子，他们经常和家人一起来看望他。marry“结婚”，动词，设空处修饰后面的名词sons，所以此处应填入一个形容词形式， 与marry所对应的形容词为married“已婚的”，故答案填married。24句意：真遗憾！这只猫已经死了好几个小时了。根据for a couple of hours“几个小时”，可知句子时态用现在完成时，其构成为have/has+动词的过去分词； die“死亡”，短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的for a

38、 couple of hours连用，故die要用be dead替换，be的过去分词是been，主语the cat是第三人称单数，所以用has；故答案填has been dead。25句意：摩纳哥是世界上第二小的欧洲国家。Europe“欧洲”，名词，设空处修饰后面的名词country，所以此处应填入一个形容词形式，与Europe所对应的形容词是European，故答案填European。26句意：主题公园由几个区域组成。make“制作、制造”，动词；make up固定词组，意为“组成”；主语The theme park和动词make存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，构成为be+动词过去分词，make的过去分词是made，故答案填made。27句意：成千上万的游客来到森林公园欣赏自然美景。beautiful“美丽的”，形容词；设空处前面有定冠词the以及形容词natural“自然的”，所以这里应填入一个名词形式，与beautiful所对应的名词为beauty“美丽”，故答案填beauty。