专题08 8BU5-U8一轮复习-2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习（牛津译林版）.docx

1、专题08 8BU5-U8一轮复习8B Unit5知识点Part One Comic strip1.Youre old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. （P 64）(1) manner 可数名词，此处意为“礼貌，礼仪，礼节”，常用复数形式。常用搭配：good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪(2) manner 作可数名词，还有“方法，方式” 之意，常用单数形式，与way同义。例如：You should write in this manner. 2.Second, dont cut i

2、n on others. （P 64）cut in (on sb.) 意为“打断某人的谈话，插嘴”，相当于interrupt sb。例如：Mary likes to cut in on others.3、Always wait politely. （P 64）(1) politely 副词，意为“礼貌地”， 常用来修饰动词。例如：We should speak to the old politely.(2) polite 形容词，意为“礼貌的”，可用作定语、表语等，它的反义词impolite，意为“无礼的”。be polite to sb. 意为“对某人有礼貌”。例如：Its impolite

3、 to shout loudly. The students are polite to their teachers.Part Two Welcome to the unit1、 Leave the tap running.（P 65）(1) leave sth doing意为“使/让.处于.状态”。leave后接名词、形容词、动词ing形式、介词短语作宾语补足语。例如：Dont leave the machine turning.(2) run 此处为不及物动词，意为“流动”。例如：Tears ran from her eyes.run 作不及物动词，意为“跑，奔跑”。例如：I saw a

4、 boy running on the street.run 作不及物动词，意为“机器运转”。例如：The engine runs properly.run 作不及物动词，意为“掉色，褪色”。例如：When you wash the blouse in hot water,the color will run.run 作及物动词，意为“经营，管理”。例如：They run the restaurant well.2、queue for your turn（P 65）(1) queue 此处为不及物动词，意为（人、车等）排队等候。例如：Please queue up for a bus.Many

5、 people dont like to queue.queue 还可用作可数名词，意为“队，行列”。例如：stand in a queue 排队等候 jump the queue 插队(2) turn 此处为可数名词，意为“轮流，（轮流的）顺序”。例如：Its your turn to read now.与turn相关的短语：take turns 轮流 in turn依次，轮流 by turns 轮流，交替例如：Please take turns to look after the sick boy. Please answer the question in turn.3、We shoul

6、d keep quiet. （P 65）keep quiet 意为“保持安静”，keep此处为连系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，后跟形容词作表语。例如：You must keep quiet in the hospital.系动词归纳：一是（be）一觉（feel）一保持（keep）；四个起来（look看起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来，smell闻起来）；似乎（seem）变了四个（get,become, go,turn）Part Three Reading1、 Today weve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK . （P

7、65）invite 为及物动名词，意为“邀请”，invite sb to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。例如：He sometimes invites me to see the film.invite sb to +名词，意为“邀请某人去.”.例如：Well invite Tom to dinner tomorrow. 2、 Well, British people say “hello”, or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time. （P 66）shake sbs

8、hand意为“与某人握手”，相当于shake hands with sb。例如：You should shake Tonys hand.=You should shake hands with Tony.3、 Do they greet people with a kiss? （P 66）(1) greet 及物动词，意为“问候，打招呼”，相当于say hello to sb.。例如：He greeted his teacher by saying “Good Morning”.greet sb with a nod意为“以点头招呼某人”。greeting 可数名词，意为“问候，致意，祝贺”。

9、(2) kiss 此处为可数名词，意为“亲吻”。give sb a kiss 意为“吻某人一下；给某人一个亲吻”。Kiss 还可作为及物动词，意为“吻，亲吻”。例如：The mother gave her son a kiss and left. He kissed his wife.4、British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss . （P 66）close 此处为形容词，意为“亲密的；严密的”，表示关系或情感上的“亲近”，可作定语或表语。close to “与.关系密切”。例如：Im close to my

10、 English teacher.close to 还有“离.近”之意。例如：The factory is close to the school.close还可作及物动词，意为“关闭”。例如：Please close the window.5、But please avoid subjects like age,weight or money . （P 66）(1) avoid 及物动词，意为“避免”，后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作定语。例如：Youd better avoid the traffic at rush hour. Its not easy to avoid making m

11、istakes. (2) subject 此处作为可数名词，意为“话题，主题”。作可数名词，还有“学科”之意。例如：Most of us dont like this subject. How many subjects are you studying this term. 6、Do people there behave politely in public? （P 66）(1) behave 不及物动词，意为“表现”。例如：Children behaved very badly after lunch.(2) public 集合名词，意为“民众，大众”。in public意为“公开地，当

12、众”。还可作形容词，意为“公共的，公开的”例如：I dont like to make a speech in public. a public library 公共图书馆 a public place 公共场所7、They think its rude to push in before others. （P 66）push 为不及物动词，意为“推，挤”。push in意为“插队，加塞”，是英式英语的用法，美式英语常用cut in。例如：You shouldnt push in before us.=you shouldnt cut in before us.8、Also, if they

13、bump into someone in the street, theyll say “sorry”. （P 67）bump 此处为不及物动词，意为“碰，撞”，常与介词against，into连用bump into 意为“撞上，偶然碰见”。bump还可作可数名词，意为“碰，撞击；（因碰撞而引起的）肿块”。例如：The car bumped into a tree. He bumped against the door. Just now I bumped into our English teacher. We heard a bump in the next room.9、If youre

14、 in their way, they wont touch you or push past you. （P 67）(1) in ones way意为“挡住某人的路”。例如：A group of sheep are in our way.on ones way (to) 意为“在去.的路上”。in the way意为“妨碍，挡道”。例如：I met Tom on my way to school. Your hobby got in the way of your studies.(2) touch 此处为及物动词，意为“触碰，碰”。例如：Dont touch the things in t

15、he museum. He touched a hot pot and burnt himself.10、Theyll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. （P 67）(1) excuse 此处为及物动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。Excuse me 意为“劳驾”。例如：Excuse me, can you help me with my homework?(2) till 此处用做连词，意为“到.时，直到.为止”。用于肯定句，主句中用延续性动词，指动作或状态持续到till表示的时间为止，意为“直到.为止”。用于否定

16、句时，主句中的动词一般是非延续性的，它表示的动作直到till所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到.（才）”。例如：She waited here till you came back. Dont go away till I come back.till 还可作介词，意为“直到.为止”，用于肯定句，与延续性动词连用；用于否定句中，与非延续性动词连用，意为“直到.（才）”。例如：I had been in Beijing till last week. Tom went to sleep till midnight.例如：Tom likes music. I like it as well.11、Br

17、itish people dont like to shout or laugh loudly. （P 67）loudly 副词，意为“大声地”。辨析: loudly与loudloudly: 副词，“大声地，喧闹地”，给人以吵闹、不悦耳的感觉，与quietly相对，用法较正式，含有一点贬义。loud: 副词，“声音大”，常与laugh，read，speak，talk，等动词搭配使用，还可与loudly替换使用；还可作形容词，“大声的”，可作表语或定语。例如：Who is knocking at the door loudly? That music is too loud. Dont spea

18、k so loud.12、 hit someone or something by accident. （P 67）by accident 意为“偶然，意外地”，通常在句中作状语，其反义词为on purpose.例如：I met Tom on the street by accident yesterday. Was tea invented by accident?Part Four Grammar1、 She did not join the discussion. （P 71）discussion 可作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“讨论”。例如：They decided to write

19、a report after a discussion. The question is now under discussion.discuss 及物动词，意为“讨论”，discuss sth with sb. “与某人讨论某事”。例如：You can discuss the question with them.2、 He did not express himself clearly. （P 71）express 此处用作及物动词，意为“表达”。express oneself 意为“自我表达”。express的名词形式是expression，意为“表达，表情，措辞”。例如：I expre

20、ssed my thanks to him. You can express yourself freely.express 还可作形容词，意为“特快的”。例如：an express letter 快信 an express train 特快列车3、 Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons. （P 71）be busy with sth 意为“忙于某事”。be busy (in) doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”。例如：Mary is busy with her homework.=Mary is busy (in) doing her

21、 homework.Part Five Integrated skills1、 Help explain things and give us useful information. （P 72）explain 此处为及物动词，意为“解释”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句。例如：Our English teacher always explain things to us clearly.explain 还可作不及物动词，意为“解释，说明”。例如：Why didnt you let him explain?2、 Keep us.from danger.（P 14）keep sb from sth.

22、意为“保护某人免受.；阻止某人.”。例如：Sunglasses can keep us from the sun.stop.from doing., prevent.from doing.与keep.from doing.都有“阻止.做.”之意，三者同义。例如：No one can stop/prevent/keep us from creating wonders.3、 Warn us.（P 14）warn 及物动词，意为“警告，告诫”，warn sb. 意为“警告，告诫某人”。例如：Its dangerous to cross the road. Please warn the stude

23、nts.(1) warn sb (not) to do sth. 意为“警告某人（不要）做某事”。例如：We warned him not to play with fire.(2) warn sb of/about sth.意为“警告某人某事；提醒某人注意某事”。例如：The police warned the children of/about the danger.(3) warn sb against doing sth.意为“警告/告诫某人不要做某事”。例如：The doctor warned my father against smoking.4、Why not ?（P 73）Wh

24、y not.? 意为“为什么不？”，其后跟动词原形，该句型还可以用“why dont/doesnt sb do sth?”，表示劝说、建议某人去做某事。例如：Your spoken English is poor. Why not join an English club? Why not come early ?= Why dont you come early?Part Six Study skills1、Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. （P 74） sometime 副词，意为“在某时”，表示将来

25、或过去的某个时候。例如：Mary will come to our school sometime next week.辨析：sometime，some time，sometimes与some timessometime:在某时 Ill visit the Great Wall sometime this year.some time: 一段时间 Ill live here fro some time.sometimes:有时 Sometimes I have lunch at school.some times: 几次，几倍 Ive been to the museum some times

26、.2、risk losing everything all at one time（P 74）(1) risk 及物动词，意为“冒险做”，其后可跟名词或动词ing形式。例如：Can you risk your life to save people?risk 还可作可数名词，意为“冒险，冒风险”。例如：He likes to take a risk.(2) at one time 意为“一度，同时，在过去某个时候”。例如：You can borrow two books at one time.3、practice makes perfect（P 75）practice 名词，意为“练习，训练

27、，实践”。例如：Enough practice can help improve your English.practice 还可作及物动词，意为“练习”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。例如：I often practice playing the piano after school.practice 在英式英语中，其动词形式为practise，在美式英语中其名词与动词形式均为practice。 Part Seven Task 1、 We should know these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfor

28、table at the table.（P 76）(1) make sure 意为“弄清楚，务必，确信”，其后多接that引导的宾语从句，有时也与of/about连用。例如：I make sure that I have turned the tap off. Please make sure of the time and place.be sure of/that.“对.有把握，确信”，主语是人。Be sure to do sth 主语是人也可以是物，表示说话人的推测，有“一定，必然会”之意。例如：He is sure that he will succeed.=He is sure of

29、 success. Hes sure to win. Its sure to rain.(2) at the table 意为“在桌子旁”，不一定在吃饭。at table “在吃饭”，其结构为：at+名词，表示状态。例如：He often reads newspapers at the table. Tom and his parents are at table now.2、We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.（P 77）on 介词，意为“关于”。 例如：The book is on science.辨析：on与abouton:

30、 侧重论述，较正式，多用于诸如学术报告、专著、国际形势等方面的内容。about: 侧重叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍及内容浅显的问题等。例如：Do you have a book on the computer? I have a book about Lei Feng.3、Above all.（P 77）above all 意为“首先，首要的是”。例如：Above all, the food is free.辨析：above all, first of all与after allabove all: 首先，首要的是 强调需要特别对待，类似于especially。first of

31、all: 首先，开始，第一 表示次序，相当于at first。after all: 毕竟，终究，到底 表示一种让步语气。例如：Above all, make sure you keep in touch. First of all, cut the apples up. He is a child after all.短语归纳1. cut in(on sb/sth)打断（谈话），插嘴 2. shake ones hand 与某人握手 in public 公开地，在别人面前3. push in 插队，加塞 bump into 碰到，撞到4. in ones way 挡住某人的路 5. by ac

32、cident 偶然，意外地 express oneself自我表达6. be tired out 精疲力尽 7. make sure 务必，确信 above all 首先，首要的是8. drop litter everywhere 到处乱扔垃圾 leave the tap running让水龙头一直流淌9. obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 for the first time首次10. on ones own 单独，独自 sth happens to sb 某事发生在某人身上11. hold a talk 举行一次报告 say hello to sb 向某人问好句型归纳1.

33、 adj.+enough to do sth 够.,做某事2. too+adj./adv.+to do sth 太.而不能做某事3. keep sb from (doing) sth 使某人免于（做）某事4. avoid doing sth 避免做某事5. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人（不）要做某事6. in order to do sth 为了做某事7. risk doing sth 冒险做某事8. try (not) to do sth 努力（不）做某事9. find +某人/某物（n./pron.）+adj. 发现某人/某物.8B Unit6知识点Part O

34、ne Comic strip1、 Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.（P 78） train此处为及物动词(也可作不及物动词)，意为“接受训练；培训等”例如: He is training to be a doctor. We should train students to form good habits. trainer n. 教练；trainee n. 接受训练的人，学员training 不可数名词，意为“训练”。例如：You need more training.2、 Will you support me, Ed

35、die?（P 78）support此处为及物动词，意为“支持”。例如：I dont support his opinion.support 作不可数名词时，意为“支持，拥护”。例如：He needs our support.supporter 可数名词，意为“支持者，拥护者”。例如：I have many supporters.3、 Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics.（P 78）meaningful adj. 有有意义的；meaningless adj. 无意义的例如：What he did is meaningful.He gav

36、e me a meaningful look.4、 How can I help then?（P 78）辨析：can与be able to易混词 含义 具体解析can能，会只是一般性的能力，指“有能力做某事”，只用于一般现在时（can）和一般过去时（could）可以用来表示请求、允许；be able to则不能可能用来推测，表示可能性，常用于否定句中be able to能，会强调具体事件中有能力，指“经过努力而成功地做某事”，可用于各种时态；不能与can连用；不能表示可能性的推测例如：The boy can skate=The boy is able to skate. Can I come

37、in? The man cant be Mr. Green. He has gone to America.5、 I need some more food to eat at work.（P 78）some more意为“再来一点，再多一些”拓展：“数词+more+名词”=“another + 数词+名词”。例如：I want to buy ten more apples. = we want to buy another ten apples.Part Two Welcome to the unit1、 blind adj. 瞎的（P 79）由blind构成的短语：go blind 失明；

38、turn a blind eye to对佯装不见 be blind to 对视而不见2、 deaf adj. 聋的（P 79）例如：He is a deaf man.He is deaf of an ear.拓展：be deaf to advice意为“不听劝告” Tom is always deaf to advice. turn a deaf ear to意为“对充耳不闻” Dont turn a deaf ear to what I said.3、What are homeless people, Daniel?（P 79）homeless adj. 无家可归的类似以后缀“-less”构

39、成的单词：careless 马虎的；useless 无用的；harmless无害的；meaningless没有意义的；endless无尽的；helpless无助的4、They can provide special places for homeless people to stay.（P 79）provide sth. for sb. 意为“为某人提供某物”，相当于provide sb. with sth.例如：They often provide hungry children with food.They often provide food for hungry children.简单

40、辨析：give, provide与offerprovide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.offer sth. to sb. = offer sb. sth.Part Three Reading1、 The special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. （P 80）give sb.

41、 a chance to do sth. 意为“给某人做某事的机会”例如：I will give you a chance to explain yourself.句中的with intellectual disabilities为后置定语，修饰children and adults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。例如：The students on duty are cleaning the classroom.chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。例如：Do you have a chance to win? You have no chance now.2、 They includ

42、e many events similar to those in the Olympics. （P 80）event此处用作可数名词，意为“比赛项目；大事”。例如：How many events are there at your school sports meeting? Its an event in history. 那是历史上的一件大事。similar adj. 意为“同样的，类似的”，be similar to意为“与相似”，其中to为介词，其后多接名词或代词例如：My watch is similar to yours.拓展：be similar in 意为“在方面相似”; b

43、e the same as 意为“与相同” They are similar in color. My coat is the same as my friends.3、 Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. （P 80）make the event a great success意为“使本届特奥会取得很大的成功”，make +sb./sth. + 名词结构，其中the event是make的宾语，a great success为其宾语补足语例如：Hard l

44、ife makes the boy a man. 艰苦的生活使这个男孩成为一个男子汉 We made Tom our monitor.拓展：make后还以接省略to的动词不定式、形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。 Dont make the boy cry anymore. The boy often makes his mother angry. I cant make myself understood in Chinese.4、 He was born with intellectual disabilities.（P 81）be born with.意为“生来具有”例如：He was bo

45、rn with a weak body. 他生来体弱。5、 To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. （P 81）notbut意为“不是，而是”。例如：Jims father is not a teacher but a doctor.The book is not hers but mine.gold此处用作可数名词，意为“金牌”。例如：He won many golds.拓展：gold还可用作不可数名词，意为“黄金，金子”；gold用作形容词时，意为“金黄色

46、的，金质的”。 How much gold do you have? 你有多少黄金？ The girl with a gold watch is Mary. 那个戴金表的女孩是玛丽。6、 He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. （P 81）confident adj. 此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：be confident of sth. 意为“对有信心”；be confident + that从句意为“确信，对有信心”。例如：He is a confident pe

47、rson. Mary is confident of passing the exam. = Mary is confident that she can pass the exam.7、 You get to help them achieve their dreams （P 81） get to do sth. 此处意为“有机会做某事，得到做某事的机会”。例如：He got to take part in the Olympics. He got to try out his new idea. get to sb.还表示“使某人恼怒或生气，影响某人”。例如：Dont let them g

48、et to you. 不要让他们影响你。8、 I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event.（P 82）offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。例如：Mary offered to help me with my English.拓展：offer sth.提供某物；offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. He offered some advice. They offered us hot water.= They offered hot water to u

49、s.9、 Did Li Hai win first prize? (P82)first prize意为“一等奖”，当序数词表示名词时，其前的定冠词通常可以省略。例如：He won third prize at last.prize此处为可数名词，意为“奖品，奖金，奖赏”，win the prize意为“获奖”，常常指在比赛中获胜时或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励。例如：He received the Nobel Prize for peace. 他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。10、 What are the Special Olympics World Games for? (P83)Whatfor?意为“为

50、什么？”。例如：-What are you here for? -To meet my uncle.辨析：whatfor与whyWhatfor为什么用于询问目的或用途，一般用动词不定式或for介词短语等回答，不能用because回答例：-What do you want a basket for? -I want to buy some apples.why为什么侧重询问原因，一般用because作答例：-Why were you late for school? -Because I missed the early bus.Part Four Grammar1、 Do you have a

51、ny trouble talking to people with intellectual disabilities?（P 85）have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事费力（或有麻烦）”。例如：I have some trouble (in) working out the problem.拓展：trouble是不可数名词，前面可用no, much, some, a little, little等词修饰，介词in通常省略。例如：He has no trouble learning English. 和have trouble doing sth. 类似的短语还

52、有：have difficulty doing sth.做 某事有困难；have problems doing sth.做某事有问题；have fun doing sth.= have a great time doing sth.做某事很开心 have trouble with sth.某事有麻烦；have difficulty with sth.在某事上遇到困难；例如：The girl had problems with her health last week.2、 donate blood （P 86）donate此处用作及物动词，意为“捐献”，donate sth. to sb. 意

53、为“把某物捐给某人”。例如：You can donate the books to the children in poor areas.拓展：donate还可用作不及物动词，意为“捐献”; donation名词，意为“捐助，捐赠物”，当意为“捐赠物”时，是可数名词；当意为“捐助”时，是不可数名词。例如：He has a lot of money, but he doesnt want to donate. They received many donations from the government. The donation is about 10,000 dollars. blood此

54、处用作不可数名词，意为“血，血液”。例如：Blood is thicker than water. There is some blood on the ground.拓展：blood type血型；make a blood test 验血；in cold blood 残忍地；make sb.s blood freeze 使某人极度恐惧Part Six Task1、The doctor says that he has a serious blood disease.（P 90）disease此处为可数名词，意为“疾病”。例如：He was born with a heart disease.

55、2、They do not have enough money for such an operation.（P 90）辨析：such与sosuch形容词，用来修饰名词+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 +形容词+不可数名词+形容词+可数名词复数so副词，用来修饰形容词或副词+形容词/副词 +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+many/ few/ much/ little(少)+可数名词复数/不可数名词例如：They are such useful books. He is so clever. There are so many people in the room.3、 Otherwise,

56、he may lose his life. (P90)lose ones life意为“失去生命，丧生”。例如：Many people lost their lives because of smoking.拓展：lose heart灰心丧气 Dont lose heart. Youll learn English well. lose oneself迷路；沉湎于 He lost himself in reading. lose ones way迷路，相当于get lost The boy lost his way and cried on the street.短语归纳1. provide

57、sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物2. be born with 生来具有3. be made up of 又组成4. lead to 导致5. receive training 接受培训6. the swimming coach 游泳教练7. give a helping hand 伸出援助之手8. achieve ones dream 实现某人的梦想9. notbut 不是，而是10. drop litter everywhere 乱丢垃圾11. keep in touch 保持联系12. notany more 不再13. get well again 恢复健康句型归纳1. fee

58、l like + n./doing sth. 想要某事/做某事，感觉像某物/做某事2. expect to do sth. 期待做某事3. offer to do sth.主动做某事4. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事8B Unit7知识点Part One Comic strip1、You have some pocket money left.（P 92） left 此处是leave 的过去分词，意思是“剩余的”。例如：At the end of the party, we had some food left.拓展：（1）left 名词，意思是“左边”。 例如

59、：The girl on the left is Lily. （2）left 副词，意思是“向左”。 例如：You can turn left at the second crossing.(3) left 形容词，意思是“左边的”。例如：The post office is on the left side of the street.Part Two Welcome to the unit1.ORBIS (国际奥比斯组织) （P 93）2.Oxfam (牛津饥荒救济委员会/乐施会) （P 93）3. UNICEF (United Nations International Children

60、s Emergency Fund 联合国儿童基金会) （P 93）4.WWF (World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金) （P 93）重点全解1、 I know about a charity called UNICEF.(P93)1.know about表示“了解,知道”。例如：Do you know about him?2. UNICEF (United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund) 联合国儿童基金会2、 It helps build a better world for everyone, especia

61、lly children all over the world. (P93)1. help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”；help sb. with sth.“帮助某人某事”。例如：The boy helped the old woman to cross the road.She always helps him with his homework.2. especially adv. “尤其，特别”，是especial的副词形式；especial adj. “特别的，特殊的”。例如：I am especially busy on this weekends. This

62、 is an especial day.3. all over the world= around the world 全世界例如：I want to travel around the world. = I want to travel all over the world.3. It provides basic education for children in poor areas. (P93)1. basic adj. “基础的，基本的”。例如：Everyone should get basic right.2. education 不可数名词 “教育”。例如：Children mu

63、st get education.拓展：1.educate v. “教育；培养”。 Educate sb. to do sth. “教育某人做某事”。 例如：It takes patience to educate children. You should educate your son to be friendly to others. 2. educator n. “教育工作者；教育家”。 例如：Tao Xingzhi is a great educator.4. It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases,

64、like AIDS, among young people. (P93)1.spread v. “扩散；分布；展开”。例如：We must prevent the spread of this kind of illness. You should realize the importance of the spread of education.拓展：spread (spread spread) 既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意思是“展开；传播；散布”。例如：He spread the map. The news was spread quickly.Part Three Readi

65、ng1、 Dr Ma, please tell us something about blindness. (P94)blindness 不可数名词 “失明”。例如：Dont give up your dream because of your blindness.拓展：blindness 是形容词blind+后缀-ness构成的名词，类似的还有：kindness 和蔼 illness 疾病 happiness 快乐 richness 富有 sadness 悲伤2、 The plane is also used as a training centre. (P94)be used as “被用

66、作.”.例如：English is used as a second language in many countries.拓展：1. be used for. “被用来”例如：A knife is used for cutting things. 2.be used by “被.使用”例如：Chinese is used by more and more foreigners. 3.be used in “被用于方面”例如：I hope that the money is used in medical research.3、 Many of our patients cant afford

67、 to go to hospital(P94)1.afford 及物动词 “买得起；能做；承担得起”，后面接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语。例如：The house is so expensive that I cant afford it. She cant afford to pay for her daughters education.口诀：巧记afford的用法： 动词afford表“承担”，用法特殊记心间。 can, could, be able to, 三个“能”字在其前。 疑问否定常出现，被动结构就免谈。2. go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospit

68、al 去医院（看病人或做其他事） 4、 Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. (P94)on board “在飞机（船、火车）上”例如：All the sailors have been on board. When you are on board, you should turn off your mobile phone.5、 During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. (P95)1. patient

69、 在句中用作可数名词，“病人，患者”例如：These patients are waiting for the doctor to come.一言辨义：As a doctor, you should be patient with all the patients.2 operate 不及物动词，“开刀，做手术”，“给某人做手术”应用operate on sb.表示例如：The doctor is operating on him.拓展：operate “操作；开动（机器等）” 例如：His father is operating the machine.6、 Im proud to help

70、 people see again and improve their lives. (P95)Proud adj. “自豪的，骄傲的”。常见的短语如下：1. be proud to do sth. “以做某事而骄傲”例如：All the players are proud to play for their motherland.2. be proud of “为.而自豪”例如：They are proud of their son.3. be proud that +从句，很自豪.例如：I am proud that I have finished the work successfull

71、y.拓展：take pride in与be proud of 同义 “为.而自豪”例如：Do you take pride in your job?7、Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured. (P95)1.medicine 用作不可数名词，“医学；药”。“服药；吃药；喝药”应用take the medicine表示，而不用eat the medicine或 drink the medicine表示。例如：Chinese medic

72、ine is very popular in western countries now. You must take the medicine three times a day.2. develop 可用作及物动词或不及物动词，“发展；加强”。例如：Modern music was first developed in Italy. You should develop your mind fully.拓展：development 可用作可数名词或不可数名词，“发展；进展；发达；发育”；developing “发展中的”，developed “发达的”。3. treat 及物动词，“治疗”

73、例如：The doctor is treating him for his illness.拓展：treat 用作及物动词，“对待；看待；把看作”，treat.as”把看作.” 例如：Dont treat me as a child.辨析：treat与curetreat宾语是人、某种疾病或发病的部位，强调治疗的过程，指对病人进行诊断和治疗，但不含治好的意思The dentist is treating my teeth.牙科医生正在给我看牙。cure宾语可以是人，也可以是某种疾病，强调治疗的结果，指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病This medicine will cure your toothac

74、he.这种药课治好你的牙疼。一言辨义：I will try my best to treat him, but Im not sure whether I can cure him.8、.But more money is needed to carry on with our work. (P95)carry on with sth. “继续做某事”，相当于carry on doing sth., go on doing sth.或continue doing sth.例如：Lets carry on with the work.Part Five Integrated skills1、 U

75、NICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities.（P101）organize 及物动词，“组织”，其名词形式为organization.例如：Our school often organizes different activities. This is a new organization.2、Open your mouth and let me have a check. （P102）check 此处用作可数名词，“检查；检验；核对”；have a check “检查一下”例如：Yo

76、u should have a check before you hand in your exam paper.拓展：1.check 及物动词“检查；检验；核对” 例如：Have you checked the homework? 2.英语中类似have a check 的短语还有很多，如： have a look 看一看 have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息 have a break 休息 have a walk 散步 have a try 试一试 have a discussion 讨论 have a talk 谈一谈Part Six Study Skills1.

77、I could not sleep at all that night（P103）not at all “一点也不，根本不”，其中not通常与主语后面的be动词，情态动词或助动词do, does或did 等连用，构成缩略形式。例如：He isnt good at swimming at all. I cant sing at all. He doesnt want to stay here at all.拓展：Not at all.”不客气；不用谢”，相当于You are welcome.Part Seven Task1、so she made up his mind to train as

78、a nurse and attended courses after work. （P104）1. make up ones mind to do sth. “决定做某事”=decide to do sth.例如：He made up his mind to return to his hometown.2.attend 及物动词，“上（学）；去（教堂）”，还可以是“参加；出席；到场”例如：Children between 5 and 16 must attend school. He was ill, so he didnt attend the meeting yesterday.2.Sh

79、e is getting used to travelling by plane. （P104）辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.used to do sth.过去经常做某事The boy used to play computer games.be used to do sth.被用来做某事More and more wood

80、is used to make paper.3、India 印度（P105）India 名词，“印度”；Indian “印度的；印度人的；印第安语” 例如：He is from India, and he is an Indian.短语归纳1. medical treatment 医学治疗2. do operations 做手术3. training centre 培训中心4. on board 在飞机（船、火车）上5. carry on with sth. 继续做某事6. hand out 分发；发出7. set up 创建，建立8. prevent the spread of some s

81、erious diseases 预防某些严重疾病 的传播9. be used as 被用作10. operate on sb. 给某人做手术11. modern medicine 现代医学12. in hospital 生病住院13. prevent sb, from doing sth. 阻止/预防某人做某事14. attend courses 上课；参加课程辅导句型归纳1. cant afford to do sth. 承担不起做某事2. be proud to do sth. 以做某事而骄傲3. make up ones mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事8B Unit8知识

82、点Part Three Reading1、 In Switzerland,things like glass,plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.（P108） be separated into 意为“被分成-”；separate=move apart : 分开，隔开。separate .from 意为“把.和.分开/分离”例如：Lets separate into smaller groups. My mother is separating the good apples from

83、the bad ones.2、 Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor , and others are sent to factories for recycling. （P 108） send sth to sb=send sb sth 意为“把某物寄/送给某人”固定搭配：send away:开除，撵走；send for : 派人去请；send up :发射；send off: 寄出，发出例如：He sent a present to her yesterday=He sent he

84、r a present yesterday. 3、 My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization.（P 108） family 意为“家庭，家族，子女”，是可数名词。 family 意为“家庭”时，是集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词要根据语言内容而定，如果作为一个集体单位时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其成员而言时，谓语动词要用复数形式。home意为“家”，指某人出生及日常生活的环境，包括住所及家人。house一般指居住的建筑物，即“房子，住宅”。family意为“家人，家庭”，指组成家庭的成员，

85、特别指父母及子女，有时仅指子女。例如：Her family is a happy one. My home is in Nanjing. There are three rooms in my house.4、For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. （P108） example 意为“例子，榜样，模范”是可数名词；for example 意为“例如”，其中的example 只能用单数形式，且其前不能带冠词。固定搭配：take an example:举个例子；follow ones example: 学某人的样子；give a goo

86、d example to others:为别人树立好榜样。example例子，榜样，楷模使用范围较广，既可指人也可指物。Example 没有“模型”之意。model模范，典范，模型指好的或有价值的东西，也可指值得效仿的优秀的人或物，有明显的褒义。例如：I am going to give you an example. The latest models will be on display at the motor show. allow 意为“允许”，allow sb to do sth: 允许某人做某事；allow doing sth : 允许做某事例如：They dont allow

87、students to wear earrings. He doesnt allow fishing here. cut 意为“剪下，切下，割下”cut down：意为“砍伐，砍倒，缩短”固定搭配：cut grass:割草；cut across: 抄近路；cut off: 切除，割掉，剪下；cut out : 裁剪；cut up : 切碎例如：Cut the cake into two exact halves.5、We depend on its rich resources to live ,so it is important for us to protect it wisely. （

88、P 109） D depend ,不及物动词，意为“依靠，依赖，指望” depend on 意为“依赖，依靠，取决于”例如：All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 万物生长靠太阳。6、Luckily, we are starting to use the energy from the sun,wind, and water.（P 109） luckily 意为“幸运的是，所幸的是”，是副词，其反义词是：unluckily,意为“不幸地”；luck意为“机会，运气，机遇”是不可数名词；lucky意为“幸运的，走好运的”例如：L

89、uckily, the weather was not too hot. Good luck to you! Im lucky to pass the English exam. He started to jump up and down. It started raining a little.7、These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. （P 109） run out表示“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间，食物，金钱等；run out of sth. 表示“用完.,耗尽.”是及物动

90、词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：Eddies food soon ran out. Susan has run out of honey for tea.8、Moreover, they produce little pollution. （P 109）T produce 做动词，意为“制作，制造”，做名词，意为“农产品”，是不可数名词，专指农行副产品；product:意为“产品”，是可数名词，专指通过劳动加工而制造出的工业产品；producer 意为“制作人，制作商，生产者”是可数名词；production 意为“生产”，是不可数名词。例如：The farmers bring th

91、eir produce to the town every morning.9、What do they do with old clothes?（P 111） do with 意为“处理，处置”，常与疑问词what 连用，侧重与对某事物的利用或处置。deal with 意为“对付，处理”，多与疑问词how连用，强调处理某事物的方式、方法。例如：What will you do with my old books? How did you deal with the problems?Part Four Grammar1、 Pollution is one of the biggest pro

92、blems in the world today. （P 114）one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词是固定结构，意为“最.之一”，该短语做主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world . problem 意为“难题，问题”是可数名词；problem 与question 区别：problem所指的问题总是与困难联系着，表示“有待于解决的问题”；question 所指的问题总是和疑问联系着，表示“有待回答的问题”，它常与ask, answer 连用。例如：I can

93、t work out the problem This is a difficult question to answer. pollution 意为“污染”，是名词；pollute 意为“污染”，是动词；polluter 意为“污染者”，是名词。固定短语：water pollution;air pollution;noise pollution; light pollution 2、 In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. （P 114） be filled with sth意为“充满.; 同意短语有“be full of sth例

94、如：The hole is filled with water.3、 This makes people ill, and more people will be hurt . （P 114） hurt 做动词，意为“使受伤；使疼痛”，过去式：hurt, 过去分词：hurt;现在分词：hurting; 做形容词，意为“受伤的，疼痛的”。短语：be/get hurt :意为“受伤的”例如：Hey, its hurt!.4、 As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.（P 114） B harm 做名词，意为“伤害，损害”；做动词，意为“

95、伤害，危害，损害” 短语“do harm to ”意为“损害，伤害；对.有害”例如：Air pollution does great harm to our health.5、 If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution.（P 114） act 是不及物动词，意为“行动”；action 是名词，意为“行动，活动，行为”例如：We must act now to protect the wildlife. We should suit the action

96、to the word.区分alive,living,live,livelyalive活着的，作表语时，修饰人或物均可，这时可与living互换；作定语时应后置。living活着的，主要作前置定语，也可作表语。the living 意为“活着的人”。 live活的；直播的；作定语一般修饰物。 lively活泼的，生机勃勃的；既可做表语，也可做定语，修饰人或物均可。例如：Was the cat alive/living or dead? There will be live TV coverage of tonights big match. Kate is a lively girl.Part

97、 Five Integrated skills1、 Here are the results of the survey.（P 116） survey,意为“调查”是可数名词。例如：I suggested they do some experiments, at least a survey. survey,做动词，意为“调查”。例如：They surveyed over 200 students for the report.2、 Air pollution is harmful to our health.（P 116）harmful,意为“有害的”，其反义词是harmless(无害的),

98、 be harmful to=be bad for 意为“对.有害”。 be harmless to :对.无害例如：Watching TV too much is harmful to your eyesight. You can eat this kind of vegetable. Its harmless.harm,为名词，意为“伤害，损害，危害”;做动词，意为“伤害，使受到伤害”例如：Hard work never did anyone any harm. It will harm your eyes to read in the sun.固定搭配：do no harm:无害；do

99、sb/sth harm= do harm to sb/sth:对某人/某物有害3、They provide home for animals too.（P 116） provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth,意为“给某人提供某物”例如：Please do not forget to provide some water for the flowers= Please do not forget to provide the flowers with some water.Part Six Study skill1、 Coal, oil and natural

100、 gas is not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factorys.（P 117）not only.but(also),意为“不仅.而且.， 它连接两个结构相似，语法功能相同的成分。该短语连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词与but also之后的主语保持一致。例如：He not only said it but also did it. Not only he but also I am good at English.2、They will form over thousands or even millions of

101、years.（P 117） form,做动词，意为“形成”；做名词，有“形式，形状，表格”是可数名词。例如：They formed a circle and sang Friendship Forever 他们围成一圈，唱起了友谊地久天长 。 Water exists in the forms of ice,snow,steam and so on.固定搭配：in the form of:以.的形式；in form:在形式上; a form of :一种.的形式；application form:申请表3、 As a result, it is very important for us to

102、 use them wise.（P 117） as a result,是副词短语，意为“结果，因此”其后接表示事情结果的句子。A as a result of 是介词短语，意为“因为，由于”，其后常接表示原因的名词、代词等，相当于 because of。例如：Susan got up late this morning.As a result , she missed the first bus. The poor boy was late as a result of /because of the heavy traffic jam. it is important for sb to d

103、o sth 意为“对某人来说做某事是重要的”例如：It is very important for us to learn English well.Part Seven Task1、 Do more exercise and watch less TV.（P 118） exercise 是不可数名词，意为“运动，锻炼”；作一套动作，训练，活动，练习讲，是可数名词；作不及物动词，意为“运动，锻炼，训练，练习”固定搭配：do/take exercise,做运动;do eye exercises,做眼保健操; do morning exercises,做早操。例如：My parents often

104、 do exercise in winter.2、 Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth.（P 118） step，意为“步骤，措施”，是可数名词；作“脚步，脚步声，台阶”，是可数名词。固定短语：bring into step,使步调一致; direct ones steps toward,向.走去；keep(in)step with,与.保持步调一致；keep steps with the times,跟上时代 take a step forward,前进一步例如：He was wal

105、king with slow steps. We heard foot steps outside. Please mind the steps when you go down.3、 In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.（P 119） in order to 意为“目的是，为了”，其后接动词原形。in order to 常与so that 或不定式进行同义句转换。例如: Linda arrived early in order to get a good seat.=Linda

106、arrived early so that she could get a good seat.=To get a good seat, Linda arrived early.4、 We should not use plastic bags. Instead, we should take our own bags when shopping.（P 119） instead 做副词，意为“代替，顶替”，一般置于句首或句末，和祈使句连用时，只能放在句末。 instead of 表示“代替，而不是”，是介词短语，其后常接与前面并列成份相对应的名词、代词、动名词、形容词、副词、或介词短语等。例如

107、：It will take several days by car, so lets fly instead. Instead of lending a hand, he laughted at us.5、Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth.（P 119）make a difference to ,意为“对.产生影响”例如：working hard could make a big difference to our lives.短语归纳take showers 洗澡，淋浴separa

108、te .into.把.分成depend on/upon依靠，取决于run out 用完，耗尽some time 一些时间，一段时间read sth through 浏览/通读某物go green 环保be in use 在使用中produce little pollution 产生很少污染be used up 用完，耗尽think about/of 思考，考虑both sides of the paper纸的两面the results of the survey 调查结果as a result 结果if possible如果可能develop a green lifestyle养成一种环保的生活方式句型归纳allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事make a difference (to sb /sth)（对某人/某物）有影响，起作用have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事be harmful to 对.有害not only .but (also).不仅.而且.is a good way to. 是.的好方式