专题08 推理判断题 （分层练）(原卷版)-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用）.docx

1、专题验收评价专题08 推理判断题内容概览A常考题不丢分【命题点01 逻辑推断题】【命题点02 观点态度题】【命题点03 写作意图题】【命题点04 文章出处题和读者对象题】【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】B拓展培优拿高分C挑战真题争满分【命题点01 逻辑推断题】1.【2022全国高考乙卷片段】Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilit

2、ies（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story.C. I

3、t benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers.2.【2021英语全国甲卷片段】.The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lym

4、pne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critic

5、ally endangered” status.7What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?AThe rhino section will be open to the public.BIt aims to control the number of the animals.CIt will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.DSome of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.3.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试片段】

6、One aspect of the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many homes and businesses burn natural gas for heating and cooking. Natural gas gives out greenhouse gases as well as other pollutants that can harm health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versions and tap into cle

7、an electricity.Panama Bartholomy is the director of the Building Decarbonization Coalition. His group, based in Petaluma, Calif., focuses on limiting gas emissions indoors. “We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner over time, which it is. So, we want more and more of our heating to come

8、from electricity.”Its much easier to make these types of transitions when governments recommend them, says Beth Miller. She is an ecologist and consultant with Good Company. Based in Eugene, Ore., it helps companies and communities reduce their carbon footprint. Some states are already taking steps

9、to make these changes. On September 22, for instance, California decided it would ban the sale of gas-fired space heaters and water heaters by 2030.After homes and businesses make the switch to electric alternatives, they will be more comfortable, says Bartholomy. They will be safer and cleaner, too

10、, he adds. Instead of a gas furnace(燃气炉), an electric heat pump could both heat and cool a home. Gas heaters and stoves wont be pumping pollution into a homes air. And cooks will have even more control on a modern electric cooker than on a gas stove says Bartholomy.Getting natural gas out of your ho

11、me is probably the largest positive impact you can have for the planet, Bartholomy says. “We all need to fight for a livable climate. There is no way to meet our climate goals while still burning gas in buildings. For a livable future, we must take measures to stop burning natural gas, though we kno

12、w we have a long way to go.” And the bonus: It now looks like doing that should also save people a lot of money.14What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?AHomes will be safer.BGas stoves will be replaced soon.CHomes air will have more pollutants.DCooks prefer to use traditional cookers.4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟

13、高三最后一卷联考片段】People spend about a third of their lives sleeping. That might sound like time wasted, but its not. Even in a deep sleep, the brain is busy. Its hard at work sorting memories, cleansing itself of harmful wastes and more. This time of rest also helps the body build stronger bones and heal

14、wounds faster. Experts recommend that teens get about nine hours of sleep each night. But surveys show that only about one-third of 18-year-old report getting at least seven hours of sleep per night. As teens go through puberty(青春期), they become natural night owls. Their bodies dont release the horm

15、one melatonin (褪黑激素)which tells the brain its time for beduntil later at night. This shifts their circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) so that sleep comes most easily between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m. But most pubic middle and high schools in the United States start before 8:30 a.m. And thats a major problem.8What does

16、the first paragraph imply?AThere is more for the brain to deal with.BThe brain is the busiest during sleeping time.CSleep is vital to our health and wellbeing.DMany are suffering sleep-related problems.5.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟片段】Para 3: Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most cl

17、imate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% below sea level. The Wingerdens Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isnt necessarily stuck in place. A

18、 former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions.The Wingerdens model is ripe for reproductionwhich is exactly what the Floatin

19、g Farms team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem.The new projects will apply lesson

20、s learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest obstacles he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. C

21、ities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the experimental zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innov

22、ative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”9It can be inferred from the passage that _.A90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea levelBThe New York City is working hard to fight climate changeCThe local community will not be fed without new farmingDWaterborne facilities are necessary to the f

23、uture of Rotterdam【命题点02 观点态度题】1.【2021年新高考I卷之D篇片段】Para3: Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a

24、new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyda

25、y life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to

26、 study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.2.【2020全国卷 D篇片段】Race wa

27、lking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five

28、 miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norber

29、g, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】.Right now, its hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 yea

30、rs, every city could be lit by environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is the sky filled with little moons.11What is the writers attitude toward lighting management?ABalanced.BNegative.CUnclear.DConservative.4.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】.The link between

31、feeding and sounds doesnt apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some

32、 aspects. As humans arent tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.15What is Chris Petkovs attitude to Adriano Lameiras assumption?AOpposed.BPuzzled.CConfident.DCautious.【

33、命题点03 写作意图题】1.【2022新高考I卷】Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days p

34、assed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dr

35、opping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We wa

36、ste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.2.【2020全国新高考I山东卷】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, stil

37、l attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashken

38、t to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg a

39、nd Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police m

40、ethods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural re

41、ferences, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result i

42、s a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.11What is the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo explain a cultural phenomenon.CTo remember a writer.DTo recommend a travel destination.3.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experi

43、ence that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her son, Justin, dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverlys central air conditioning had stopped working in the middle of a 32 heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and hed shown up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat a

44、nd struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or expands our thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can

45、also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help others.Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people can bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this

46、interpersonal awe is a response to lifes big, sweeping changes. We can be awed by our nearest and dearest the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the phone. But it happens in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-old dau

47、ghter. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and handed it to him.Unfortunately, we cant make someone else behave in a way thats awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to notice it when they do and take steps to boost the emotions positive effects.4Why does

48、the writer tell Beverlys story?ATo show sympathy for her.BTo cite an example of awe.CTo express appreciation to her son.DTo start a discussion about awe.4.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want. But for now, experts say, don

49、t throw away your books. Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies comparing dial and print reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn more from reading online. When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less

50、than when reading in print,” says the researcher.Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads. We learn to talk by listening to those around us. Its pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. Its because the brain has no special

51、 network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that evolved (进化) to do other things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example, a coat hanger is great for putting your clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refr

52、igerator, you might straighten out the coat hanger and use it to reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. Youve taken a tool made for one thing and adapted it for something new. Thats what the brain does when you read.13What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo show what the brain takes t

53、o read.BTo illustrate how the brain evolves.CTo introduce a coat hangers functions.DTo outline the features of reading.【命题点04 文章出处题和读者对象题】1.【2019全国I】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out

54、of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the press

55、ure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they shou

56、ld be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the resear

57、chers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercial

58、ize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】Having studied John Bergers Ways of Seeing, you will write a four-pag

59、e image analysis essay and interpret what you “see” when you study the visual text. Your focus is not simply to describe the visual text youre analyzing, but to explain to the readers the argument you believe is proposed by the visual text.Context:Some visual texts can motivate, persuade and/or infl

60、uence. Advertisements, political cartoons, art or campaign posters that are concerned with social or political issues are examples of this category of visual text. We are surrounded everyday by visual arguments or attempts at persuasion.Instructions: Select a visual text that you believe presents an

61、 argument to its viewers. Briefly study the visual text youve selected and underline the central argument its designers are trying to make. Analyze the design elements used and the organization of the text in order to determine some of the decisions the designer or artist has made. Use the process o

62、f “observation/inference/evaluation” to check your essay and determine the tools the designer or artist is using to persuade you.Schedule & Due Date:(All work is due at the beginning of class on the dates listed below; late work will be downgraded.)March 1st: Select three visual texts for assignment

63、 consideration.March 20th: Berger-typed drafts due/peer-editing workshop.March 22nd: a four-page essay, free write with image & arts show due; Class presentation (25% of your grade).1Where is the text probably taken from?AA textbook.BAn exam paper.CA course assignment.DAn academic article.3.【202

64、3届黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三下学期三模】The huge structures of ancient Rome have survived for thousands of yearsa testament to the abilities and wisdom of Roman engineers, who perfected the use of concrete. But how did their construction materials help keep grand buildings like the Pantheon(万神殿) (which has the worlds la

65、rgest unreinforced dome)and the Colosseum(斗兽场)standing for more than 2,000 years?Roman concrete, in many cases, has proven to be longer-lasting than modern concrete, which can worsen within decades. Now, scientists behind a new study say they have uncovered the mystery ingredient that allowed the Ro

66、mans to make their construction material so durable and build splendid structures in challenging places such as docks, sewers and earthquake zones.The study team, including researchers from the United States, Italy and Switzerland, analyzed 2,000-year-old concrete samples that were taken from a city

67、 wall at the archaeological site of Privernum, in central Italy, and are similar in composition to other concrete found throughout the Roman Empire.They found that white chunks(块)in the concrete, referred to as lime clasts(石灰碎屑),gave the concrete the ability to heal cracks that formed over time. The

68、 white chunks previously had been overlooked as evidence of careless mixing or poor-quality raw material.The new finding could help make manufacturing todays concrete more sustainable, potentially shaking up society as the Romans once did.“Conerete allowed the Romans to have an architectural revolut

69、ion,”Masic said,“Romans were able to create and turn the cities into something that is extraordinary and beautiful to live in. And that revolution basically changed completely the way humans live.”11In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?AEducation.BTravel.CScience.DLifestyle.4.【2023届湖

70、北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】Ten percent of the worlds species live in the Amazon Rainforest, including some of the most interesting and unique creatures on Earth. Not only that, but some Amazon native species directly benefit humans. If you like chocolate, and coffee, youve benefited from Amazonian pla

71、nts. Even more importantly, the Amazon Rainforest keeps our air clean and breathable.Cognizant of its great impact on the planet, activists are working to stop deforestation. A new algorithm (算法) that predicts which areas are at most risk of habitat destruction gives Amazon defenders a hand in their

72、 fight against deforestation.The Trans-Amazonian highway is a road that stretches across the Amazon Rainforest. Branching off of this official highway are around two million miles of unofficial roads, many built illegally by loggers, miners, and residents of unauthorized settlements. Nearly half of

73、the rainforest has one of these roads, which Carlos Souza Jr, a researcher monitoring the Amazon, calls “lines of destruction”, within six miles. Imazon, a Brazilian research institution published a study showing that 95 percent of deforestation occurred within three miles of the “lines of destructi

74、on”. Additionally, 90 percent of forest fires were next to illegal Amazonian roads. That makes finding these roads key to preventing deforestation and damage. However, in a two and half million square rainforest, thats easier said than done. Previously activists manually (人工地) examined over satellit

75、e images to spot these roads. They also recorded the result of deforestation. But now, technology may help activists become more proactive (主动出击的).Imazon researchers fed the manual data into an artificial intelligence algorithm to train it to find the unauthorized roads. The program predicts where t

76、here may be roads, with about 70 percent accuracy. Its outputs are then confirmed by researchers using satellite images.The PrevisIA map and statistics can help governments channel deforestation prevention efforts to threatened areas. The hope is that by identifying the areas in advance, politicians

77、 and activists can take proactive steps against the illegal roads, and prevent deforestation before it happens.35In which section may the text appear in a newspaper?ACulture.BTravel.CEducation.DEnvironment.5.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】An Warm-hearted LandlordMing Tinggui, 41, a landlord in Xian, Shaanxi

78、 province, has become famous online because of his acts of kindness during the citys COVID-19 lockdown.Xian imposed a citywide lockdown on Dec 23 in an effort to prevent a resurgence (复发) of COVID-19. Ming had 81 tenants (租户) in Yanta district at that time, about 80 percent of whom were students who

79、 had moved to Xian to attend training classes, begin internships or take Chinas postgraduate entrance exam, scheduled from Dec 25 to 27. Most of the students only brought simple belongings that could fit inside a suitcase, with no room for pots or pans to cook with. Under lockdown, they were not all

80、owed to go out, making mealtime a major headache. Having seen his young tenants living on instant noodles and snacks, Ming decided to cook meals for them. He bought as many vegetables as possible in the community and told his tenants via WeChat that he could provide dinner for them each day. His ide

81、a was warmly welcomed. The tenants placed their orders in the WeChat group every day, and Ming prepared their meals accordingly.His wife and 65-year-old mother also joined him to wash vegetables and dishes. Although there were food supply problems at the beginning of the lockdown, Ming still managed

82、 to buy some meat for his hungry young tenants.Ming received as many as 45 orders a day. Some of the tenants wanted to pay him for the dinner but were refused. Ming said he cooked the meals not for money but to help those in need. With the tenants-safety in mind, Ming divided the orders into small g

83、roups so that they could fetch their dinner one by one while keeping two meters from each other.Greatly moved, the tenants reported his good deeds to the local media, shooting him to stardom overnight. Hearing of his generosity, many people offered to give Ming money to help feed his young tenants,

84、but Ming politely refused.Ming has decided to continue to prepare meals for his tenants until the lockdown is over, or at least until takeout food is available.7Where is the passage taken from?AA government documentBA tourist brochureCAn advertisementDA newspaper【微专题 推理判断三大易错陷阱】1.（2023上福建厦门高二福建省厦门第六

85、中学校考期中）I was 6 years old when my father told me we were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the other circus kids. The circus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the circu

86、s, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied them to broadcasting. And so when Bostons news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at the chance. Along the wa

87、y, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBURs news reporter. The flexibility and adaptability Id learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situation whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.But

88、then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted. For me, the circus symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where Ive felt the most free. S

89、ome people get nervous before they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my social anxiety disappears.Circus performances go beyond age, socioeconomic status, and even language. Its the type of performance where you can go anywhere

90、in the world to entertain anyone help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even 30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.6How did the author feel in the early years of school?ACurious.BFresh.CControlled.DImpatient.7What do we know about the authors job at WBUR?AHe did it

91、for his father.BHe did it against his will.CHe risked his neck doing it.DHe took to it greatly.8What does the circus probably mean to the author?AA means of living.BA chance to go anywhere.CA part of his identity.DA way to forget his troubles.9Why does the author write the text?ATo express his love

92、for circus performances.BTo stress the value of performing.CTo share his personal experiences in a circus.DTo discuss the problem of choosing a job.2.（2023上山东济宁高三校考开学考试）Around the world, girls do better than boys at school. These are the findings of a recent study that looked at the test results of

93、1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level of gender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the region also had little impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Hu

94、nches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better.So what are the causes of girls stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are taken at the age of 15 or 16, called GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls and boys are brough

95、t up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to be quieter Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for academic pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in

96、larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo work and are not viewed as cool in boys culture.This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at t

97、he age of five. So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys skills? These are the questions facing educators in many countries.1What can we learn from the first paragraph?AGirls outperform boys in ex

98、ams in most cases.BBoys do better in school in poorer areas.CGirls do better if they are socially equal to boys.DBoys are not working hard enough in exams.2According to Ian Toone, what might account for the phenomenon?ADifferent characters and personalities.BDifferent attitudes to learning.CDifferen

99、t ways of raising children.DDifferent methods in exams.3What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo provide answer to a difficult question.BTo raise awareness in gender differences.CTo advocate separating boys and girls.DTo change school curricula to benefit boys.4What might the author discu

100、ss in the following paragraphs?AEducation reforms in some Countries.BExamples of boys achievement.CNew systems of examinations.DAdvertisement of some schools.（2023上山东高三山东省实验中学校考期中）Have you noticed how the price of online purchases can increase at checkout? This is due to a strategy called “drip pric

101、ing,” coined by American economist Richard Thaler in 1971. Drip pricing is a strategy where businesses gradually add extra charges to a customers bill, making the initially advertised price rise. This strategy takes advantage of customers tendency to commit to a purchase when they see a low original

102、 price. As extra fees are added, customers often continue with the purchase despite the increased cost due to their emotional investment. Businesses, from e-commerce stores to airlines, use this technique to significantly boost their profits. The initial price of a product or service can sharply inc

103、rease with the addition of various costs. For example, a flight ticket can considerably increase due to the inclusion of extra costs such as baggage fees, seating options, and access to express lanes. However, current laws seem inadequate in the face of these practices, resulting in calls for new re

104、gulations and clearer retailer responsibilities. Dr. Jane Doe from the Consumer Behavior Research Group at the University of Cambridge found that customers knowledge plays an effective role. “Our study shows that when customers are informed about drip pricing techniques, they are less likely to fall

105、 for them, ultimately leading to more cost-effective purchases,” Dr. Doe said. The success of drip pricing depends on customers not knowing or accepting these extra costs. An interesting suggestion to fight these practices could be the start of an annual event to highlight and criticize the worst ex

106、amples of drip pricing. Possible award categories might include The Biggest Drip, Most Uselessly Named Charge, and the Droplet Award for multiple extra pricing add-ons. Such an event could strengthen customers and promote openness in pricing, thereby challenging the success of drip pricing. As we pr

107、ogress into the era of digital commerce, the need for transparency and fairness in pricing is becoming increasingly important. Consumer advocates argue that the key to fighting drip pricing lies not only in stricter laws and regulations from the government but also in equipping consumers with the ne

108、cessary knowledge and tools.2What does the term “drip pricing” refer to?AAn outdated approach applied in e-commerce pricing.BAn in-depth study on the continual rise of business prices.CA pricing strategy involving added costs to the initial price.DA cost reduction technique commonly employed in airl

109、ines.3What drives customers to proceed with a purchase even as costs increase?AFear of losing previous orders.BRestrictions from acts and lawsCEmotional commitment to the product.DUnawareness of the additional charges.4According to Dr. Jane Doe, how to protect consumers from drip pricing?ABy enforci

110、ng clear new lawsBBy providing consumer education.CBy promoting cost-effective shopping.DBy organizing challenging annual events5What can be inferred from paragraphs 4 and 5?AAnnual events will award successful drip pricing.BIgnoring drip pricing is an effective way to resist it.CConsumer advocates

111、need support from the media.DConsumers and authorities should make joint efforts.（2023上福建厦门高二福建省厦门第六中学校考期中）I was 6 years old when my father told me we were leaving the Big Apple Circus (马戏团). Until that point, I had spent most of my life on the circus lot, playing with the other circus kids. The cir

112、cus, by its nature, is one that has a loose structure. So the early years after my leaving the circus, to sit in a classroom all day felt more like a prison.But years later, I found areas that interested me. I took the skills I had learned from being onstage and applied them to broadcasting. And so

113、when Bostons news station WBUR offered me a job out of college, I jumped at the chance. Along the way, I found I really enjoyed the work. I became WBURs news reporter. The flexibility and adaptability Id learned in the circus as a child helped me do my job naturally and easily in a stressful situati

114、on whether it was a destructive tornado outside Boston, or the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013.But then a serious infectious disease appeared. Suddenly, for the first time in my adult life, I went for a year without doing any shows. But it became clear to me that performing was what I truly wanted.

115、 For me, the circus symbolizes who I am. And stages have always been where Ive felt the most free. Some people get nervous before they go onstage, but by acting the character of Jacques Whipper and drawing a stupid moustache on my face, all my social anxiety disappears.Circus performances go beyond

116、age, socioeconomic status, and even language. Its the type of performance where you can go anywhere in the world to entertain anyone help anyone forget their troubles for 5, 10 and even 30 minutes. And most importantly, for me, it means coming home.6How did the author feel in the early years of scho

117、ol?ACurious.BFresh.CControlled.DImpatient.7What do we know about the authors job at WBUR?AHe did it for his father.BHe did it against his will.CHe risked his neck doing it.DHe took to it greatly.8What does the circus probably mean to the author?AA means of living.BA chance to go anywhere.CA part of

118、his identity.DA way to forget his troubles.9Why does the author write the text?ATo express his love for circus performances.BTo stress the value of performing.CTo share his personal experiences in a circus.DTo discuss the problem of choosing a job.（2023上山东济宁高三校考开学考试）Around the world, girls do better

119、 than boys at school. These are the findings of a recent study that looked at the test results of 1.5 million 15-year-olds in 74 regions across the globe. The level of gender equality in those regions made no difference to the results. Other factors, such as the income level of the region also had l

120、ittle impact on the findings. In only three regions - Colombia, Costa Rica and the Indian state Hunches Pradesh- was the trend reversed with boys doing better.So what are the causes of girls stronger performance? In the UK, girls outperform boys in exams that are taken at the age of 15 or 16, called

121、 GCSEs. According to education expert Ian Toone, this is down to the way girls and boys are brought up. “Boys are encouraged to be more active from an early age, while girls are encouraged to be quieter Therefore, girls develop the skill of sitting still for longer periods of time, which is used for

122、 academic pursuits like studying for GCSEs.”He goes on to say that boys often cluster together in larger groups than girls. Because of this they are more likely to be influenced by peer pressure and develop a gang mentality. He says that GCSEs require a lot of solo work and are not viewed as cool in

123、 boys culture.This is backed up by research in the UK that says girls are out-performing boys at the age of five. So, what is the answer: Should girls and boys be educated separately? Or do exams and school curricula need to be changed to better reflect boys skills? These are the questions facing ed

124、ucators in many countries.60What can we learn from the first paragraph?AGirls outperform boys in exams in most cases.BBoys do better in school in poorer areas.CGirls do better if they are socially equal to boys.DBoys are not working hard enough in exams.61According to Ian Toone, what might account f

125、or the phenomenon?ADifferent characters and personalities.BDifferent attitudes to learning.CDifferent ways of raising children.DDifferent methods in exams.62What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo provide answer to a difficult question.BTo raise awareness in gender differences.CTo advoca

126、te separating boys and girls.DTo change school curricula to benefit boys.63What might the author discuss in the following paragraphs?AEducation reforms in some Countries.BExamples of boys achievement.CNew systems of examinations.DAdvertisement of some schools.（2023上江苏泰州高三姜堰中学校考期中）A comment from Zadi

127、e Smith caught my attention this week. Asked whether she had ever considered recording an album, the novelist responded, “I have a dream of having a Caf Carlyle residency in New York in my 80s.” Here she is at the height of her success dreaming of a career Plan B just like the rest of us!Weird Plan

128、Bs fascinate me because for years I had one of my own. Despite being perfectly happy in my chosen profession, I had long harboured the fantasy of becoming a photographer and I took a lockdown leap and applied to art school to acquire some actual skills.Has it brought me fame and riches? Not as yet.

129、Like many people who dream of having a go at something different, I was focusing on creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. By the time I graduated in 2022, my dream of running a portrait photography business was looking a lot less practicablein part thanks to AI head-shot generators.If

130、only I had had a little more Fobo, also known as the fear of becoming out-of-date. This workplace trend is an updated version of Fomothe fear of missing out, which now feels like a poignant (辛酸的) throwback to more optimistic times. 22% of workers are worried that technology will put them out of a jo

131、b. And who can blame them?There is another reason that nurturing an alterative career might be risky. Research indicates that having a back-up plan can work against you. Having a Plan B as a safety net can cause people to make less effort at their day job and unhelpfully run a greater risk of losing

132、 it.So, do I regret pursuing my Plan B? Not at all hopefully Ive got a few years before robot photographers take over the world, and I currently spend a day a week on photography. My only sorrow is something unexpected. For so many years. I had the fantasy of trying something new. My “someday” ambit

133、ion sustained me through dull and boring days. But now Im actually spending some of my week doing it, which has caused empty space in my life. It made me realize that having an alternative career to dream about is in itself sustaining and comforting. You might never do it, and that might not even ma

134、tter. So, if youll excuse me, I need to go and start working on my Plan C.8Why did Zadie Smith want to have a Cafe Carlyle residency?AShe was not satisfied with her writing career.BShe was eager to take up a second career.CShe was depressed by recording an album.DShe was unable to reach the height o

135、f success.9What do you know about the authors plan B?AShe was a skilled photographer who graduated from an art school.BShe gave up her chosen occupation because of lockdown.CShe gained a sense of creative satisfaction instead of income.DShe ran a photography business with the assistance of AI.10Why

136、did the author mention the concepts of Fobo and Fomo in paragraph 4?ATo explain why workers are eager to do planBTo introduce one of the disadvantages to do plan BCTo advocate the societys acceptance of plan BDTo display the future of trend of the workforce.711Whats the authors “only sorrow” accordi

137、ng to the last paragraph?AShe will be replaced by robot photographer in the future.BShe cant spare time to do photography professionally.CShe hates the dull and boring days in doing photography.DShe lost something new to excite some enthusiasm for life.（2023上福建福州高三福建省福州华侨中学校考期中）I live in Xizhou in Y

138、unnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldnt imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was h

139、is first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century America

140、n botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunri

141、se, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us: some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met man

142、y beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.Looking

143、 back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and shar

144、ing each others cultures.2How did the writer first respond to Pauls travel plan?AAmused.BSurprised.CConfused.DPuzzled.3What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?AHe was a western journalist.BHe had a knowledge of China.CHe came to China several times.DHe was Joseph Rocks acquaintance.4Wh

145、at does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?AThey honored the ancestors.BThey set off in high spirits.CThey satisfied the locals curiosity.DThey built bonds with people.5What is the main purpose of the writers writing the text?ATo share and reflect on a journey.BTo suggest a new way of tra

146、vel.CTo advocate protection of biodiversity.DTo introduce and promote Chinese culture.（2023上江苏泰州高三姜堰中学校考期中）It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals meeting in Maine. A resident wanted a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule. But this wasnt just any reside

147、nt. It was C-Jay Martin, 25, who is blind and has epilepsy (癫痫) and autism. Chickens are what brought C-Jay joy despite his challenges. “Having something to share with other people was important to him,” said his mother, Amy Martin.But Bangor is not OK with chickens. In fact, city rules clearly proh

148、ibit residents from keeping “fowl, goats, sheep, cattle or swine of any kind” and the municipal government urges the residents to obey the rules strictly. So, would the staid New England city of 31,000 make an exception for C-Jay and his emotional support hens?It was with high hopes that Martin head

149、ed to the otherwise ordinary municipal meeting earlier this month. She told the appeals board she got the chickens in April after researching the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing by landlords or municipalities, and finding it might allow her son an accommodation.She was jo

150、ined by neighbors and community members who showed up to support C-Jay and his chickens. One noted C-Jay regularly assumes the responsibility of feeding the chickens, despite his disabilities. Another said their cooing and soft noises are clearly a comfort to C-Jay. Others said Martin and C-Jay keep

151、 the chickens area in their yard very clean.But there were some complaints. Some raised concerns about whether the presence of the chickens could attract rodents (齿类动物), and didnt want an exception for C-Jay to open the door for others to keep banned animals.City officials, seeming to side with C-Ja

152、y and his flock, assured attendees that no increased rodent activity would not be tolerated and any livestock permission would only apply to C-Jay Martin at his house.In the end, it reached a consensus: the appeals board ruled that C-Jay had a need for the chickens. He would be allowed to keep them,

153、 although limits on the number were set, and noisy roosters prohibited.Martin said her son is relieved and that his beloved chickens will stay. “When hes sitting outside listening to an audiobook, or just hanging out in the backyard with the sun shining, he always knows where they are because he can

154、 hear them,” she said. “Hes never really alone.”76What was something “irregular” happening at a board of appeals meeting in Maine?AResidents there were prohibited from raising animals of some animals at home.BA special resident there wanted to keep chickens despite a no-chicken rule.CPhysically disa

155、dvantaged groups there were under huge discrimination.DDisabled children didnt want to share their animals with other people.77Whats the meaning of the underlined word “staid” in paragraph 2?AUnited.BCivilized.CRigid.DRemote.78Which of the following is correct concerning C-Jay and his flock?AIt is l

156、egal to raise the flocks in the whole community.BC-Jay with disabilities was unable to care for the chickensCC-Jay obtained emotional support from his own flocks.DBanned animals are more likely to be tended in Maine.79Which section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?AHealthcare.BSocie

157、ty.CAmusement.DPolitics.（2023上江苏苏州高三苏州中学校考期中）Is there anything Sponges (海绵) cant do? For thousands of years, humans have used dried natural sponges to clean up, to paint and as containers to consume liquids like water or honey. And, as scientists around the world are beginning to show, sponges cavit

158、y-filled (空腔填充) forms mean they could provide a solution to one of our eras biggest problems: microplastic pollution. In August, researchers in China published a study describing their development of a man-made sponge that makes short work of microscopic plastic debris (碎片). In tests, the researcher

159、s show that when a specially prepared plastic-filled solution is pushed through one of their sponges, the sponge can remove both microplastics and even smaller nanoplastics from the liquid. These particles typically become trapped in the sponges many openings. Though the sponges effectiveness varied

160、 in experiments, in part depending on the concentration of plastic and the acidity and saltiness of the liquid, the best conditions allowed the researchers to remove as much as 90 percent of the microplastics. They tried it in everything from tap water and seawater to why not soup from a local takeo

161、ut spot. According to Guoging Wang, a materials chemist at Ocean University of China and co-author on the paper, the sponge formula is adjustable. By adjusting the temperature when the two compounds are mixed, he says, the sponges can be made more or less porous (渗透). This affects the size of partic

162、les collected highly porous sponges have lots of very small pores, which is good for catching very tiny particles. The sponges, if ever produced at an industrial scale, Wang says, could be used in wastewater treatment plants to remove microplastics out of the water or in food production facilities t

163、o depollute water.There are hiccups to the sponges potential adoption, though Whats still lacking, says AliceHorton at the United Kingdoms National Oceanography Center, is proof that any of these newer sponge-based technologies can be cost effective and successful in removing microplastics from wate

164、r at a large scale. But one thing she is confident about is that efforts to remove microplastics after they have already reached the ocean are probably doomed to fail. “I dont think there is anything we can do on a large enough scale that will have any impact,” she says of that. “We have to stop it

165、getting there in the first place.”80Why does the author mention multiple applications of sponges in paragraph 1?ATo introduce sponges newfound function.BTo highlight that sponges can do anything.CTo prove that sponges boast a long history.DTo demonstrate sponges cavity-filled forms.81What can we lea

166、rn about the man-made sponge?AIts effectiveness is uniform in experiments.BIts formula is fixed in controlling its openings.CIt has been produced at an industrial scale.DIt can effectively remove microscopic plastic debris.82What does the underlined word “hiccup” probably mean?AOpportunity.BProspect

167、.CProblem.DFailure.83What does Alice Horton imply in the last paragraph?AAll things are difficult before they are easy.BEvery cloud has a silver lining.CPrevention is better than cure.DBetter late than never.（2023上河南高三校联考）Elephants eat plants. Thats common knowledge to biologists and animal-loving,

168、schoolchildren alike. Yet figuring out exactly what kind of plants they eat is more complicated.A new study from a global team that included Brown University conservation biologists used innovative methods to efficiently and precisely analyze the dietary habits of elephants in Kenya. Their findings

169、on the habits of individual elephants help answer important questions about group food searching behaviors, and aid biologists in understanding the conservation approaches that best keep elephants not only sated (饱的) but satisfied.“When I talk to non-ecologists, they are surprised to learn that we h

170、ave never really had a clear picture of what all of these large animals actually eat in nature,” Kartzinel, an expert botanist who has conducted field research in Kenya, said. “The reason is that these animals are difficult and dangerous to observe from up-close, they move long distances, they feed

171、at night and in thick bush and a lot of the plants they feed on are quite small.”Then the team compared the diets of individual elephants through time. In their analysis, they showed that dietary differences among individuals were often far greater than what had been previously assumed, even among f

172、amily members that ate together on a given day.This study helps address a classic paradox (悖论) in wildlife ecology. Kartzinel said: “How do social bonds hold family groups together in a world of limited resources?” In other words, given that elephants all seemingly eat the same plants, its not obvio

173、us why competition for food doesnt push them apart and force them to search for food independently.“The simple answer is that elephants vary their diets based not only on whats available but also their preferences and physiological needs,” said Kartzinel. These findings help inform theories of why a

174、 group of elephants may search for food together: The individual elephants dont always eat exactly the same plants at the same time, so there will usually be enough plants to go around.These findings may offer valuable insights for conservation biologists. To protect elephants and create environment

175、s in which they can successfully grow their populations, they need a variety of plants to eat.44What did the new study focus on?AThe results of conservation approaches.BThe eating habits of elephants.CWays to protect elephants from starving.DElephants social behavior and needs.45What can we infer fr

176、om paragraph 3?AElephants are hard to monitor.BElephants only live in thick bush.CElephants are kind and friendly animals.DElephants seldom eat with humans around.46What message can conservation biologists get from the study?AIt is necessary for elephants to live together.BIt is possible to observe

177、elephants up-close.CIt is social bonds that hold elephants together.DIt is important to protect the variety of plants.47Which word can be used to describe the study?AInaccurate.BShocking.CBeneficial.DSubjective.（2023上广东广州高三统考）To observe your mind in automatic mode, glance at the image below.Your exp

178、erience as you look at the womans face combines what we normally call seeing and direct thinking. As surely and quickly as you saw the young womans face, you knew this angry woman is about to say some unkind words, probably in a loud and harsh voice. What she was going to do next came to mind automa

179、tically and effortlessly. It was an instance of fast thinking.Now look at the following problem:1724You know immediately that this is a multiplication problem, and probably knew that you could solve it, with paper and pencil. You would quickly recognize that both 12,609 and 123 are not possible. Wit

180、hout spending some time on the problem, however, you would not be certain that the answer is not 568. If you do the computation, you experienced a slow thinking process: conscious, effortful, and orderly.The computation was not only an event in your mind; your body was also involved. Your muscles te

181、nsed up, your blood pressure rose, and your heart rate increased. While you tackled this problem, your pupils would be wider and larger than usual. They came back to normal size as soon as you ended your work.Psychologists have been interested for several decades in the two modes of thinking. They h

182、ave offered many labels for them. I adopt terms originally proposed by the psychologists Keith and Richard, and will refer to two systems in the mind.System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control.System 2 gives attention to the effortful ment

183、al activities that demand it. The operations of System 2 often require attention and are disrupted when attention is drawn away.The labels of System 1 and System 2 are widely used in psychology, but I go further than most in this book, which you can read as a psychodrama with two characters. You wil

184、l be invited to think of the two systems as agents with their individual abilities, limitations, and functions.48Why does the author use a picture at the beginning?ATo compare slow and fast thinking.BTo stimulate the readers fast thinking.CTo illustrate the features of fast thinking.DTo emphasize th

185、e impact of fast thinking.49How would your body react when doing calculations?AYour heart would beat slower.BYour pupils would be enlarged.CYour mind would be refreshed.DYour muscles would be built up.50What does the underlined word “them” refer to?AThe psychologists.BThe thinking minds.CThe terms i

186、n the book.DThe two thinking systems.51Which of the following is an example of System 1?AGet the answer to 2+2=?BUnderstand a complex sentence.CTell others your teachersemail account.DLook for a woman with white hair in a crowd.【2023新高考I卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods aro

187、und his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studyi

188、ng agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up

189、waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams

190、 and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine

191、took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-ma

192、chine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems d

193、evelop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosys

194、tem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nat

195、ure can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.【2023新高考II卷】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another

196、teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food

197、restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, mos

198、t are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow

199、, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programs benefit

200、s go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”

201、 she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The k

202、ids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitab

203、le title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape【2023全国甲卷】Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to d

204、o a job she can do herself.She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A days work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “Im sure I wasnt much of a help to start with pain

205、ting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now rents abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes t

206、o an end. She adds: “Ive moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out.”With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, n

207、ew research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though

208、 DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.25. Why did Terris grandfather give her 5 a day?A. For a birthday gift.B. As a tr

209、eat for her work.C. To support her DIY projects.D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?A. By making it look like before.B. By furmishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.27. Wh

210、at trend in DIY does the research show?A. It is becoming more costly.B. It is getting more time-consuming.C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.D. It is gaining popularity among females.【2023全国乙卷】Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a cha

211、llenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to s

212、hoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations

213、so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)

214、 rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sun

215、set. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much bette

216、r if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up with other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating s

217、ettings in the corn fields.25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventurous spirit.D. Distinctive styles.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devils Lake?A. They went crazy with

218、the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.【2023浙江1月卷】Live

219、 with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my

220、parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero was

221、te was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on h

222、ow silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to s

223、tart personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes

224、 you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you f

225、eeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartment with you.B. Join you in what youre doing.C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.25. What was the attitud

226、e of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?A. He disapproved of it.B. He was favorable to it.C. He was tolerant of it.D. He didnt care about it.26. What can we infer about the author?A. She is quite good at cooking.B. She respects others privacy.C. She enjoys being a housewife.D. She

227、is a determined person.27. What is the text mainly about?A. How to get on well with other family members.B. How to have ones own personal space at home.C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.【2023浙江1月卷】A machine can now not only beat y

228、ou at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It take

229、s sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and

230、computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A

231、computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans,

232、 meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shape

233、s the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And thats why, however astonishing Project Debater may

234、seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?A. To explain the use of a software program.B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.C. To introduce the designer of Project Deba

235、ter.D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Arguments.B. Doubts.C. Errors.D. Differences.30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?A. Create rules.B. Comprehend meaning.C. Talk fluently.D. Identify di

236、fficult words.31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.【2023新高考I卷】On March

237、7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This ef

238、fect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar

239、 and tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new s

240、tudy led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal numb

241、er of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better se

242、nse of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported tha

243、t they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is

244、 paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of peoples errors.D. The design of Galtons experiment.13. Navajas study found that the average accuracy could increase even if _.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occ

245、asional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent14. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.15. What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?A.

246、Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.【2023新高考II卷】As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If youre lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but its unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.

247、 Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summa

248、ry online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participants experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categor

249、ies “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildli

250、fe, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of wat

251、er might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “Were trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions

252、back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A. Pocket parks are now popular.B. Wild nature is hard to find i

253、n cities.C. Many cities are overpopulated.D. People enjoy living close to nature.13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A. To compare different types of park-goers.B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.C. To analyze the main features of the park.D. To find pa

254、tterns in the visitors summaries.14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C. The same nature experience takes different forms.D. The nature language enhances work performance.1

255、5. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A. Language study.B. Environmental conservation.C. Public education.D. Intercultural communication.【2023全国乙卷】What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and t

256、wo vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.Its thanks to these TV c

257、hefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britains co

258、nsumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.According to a new study from market analysts,

259、1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV

260、chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UKs obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often

261、than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.28. What do people usually think of British food?A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutrition.C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputation.29. Which best describes coo

262、kery programme on British TV?A. Authoritative.B. Creative.C. Profitable.D. Influential.30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.31. What might the author continue talking about?A. The art of cooking in other countries.B. Male chefs on T

263、V programmes.C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies of big eaters.2022年记叙文【2022年北京卷】My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall

264、 that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed a

265、nd inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with himan idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was wh

266、ere my story began.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly

267、 after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of t

268、hese new steps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their

269、 potential: I cant. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.24. What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A. Her inability to act her age.B. Her habit of con

270、sumption.C. Her desire to be perfect.D. Her lack of inspiration.25. How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?A. She decided to do something for nature.B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C. She learned about the harm of desire.D. She built up her courage to speak up.26. The activities

271、 Alice joined in helped her to become more _.A. intelligentB. confidentC. innovativeD. critical27. What can we learn from this passage?A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.C. Action is worrys worst enemy.D. Everything comes to those who wait.【2022年浙江卷6月】Pasta and pizza were on

272、everyones lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids wi

273、th pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldnt even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahe

274、ad of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much

275、 like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as el

276、derly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my

277、 English to Italian translations, Ive learned about social programs that I didnt know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this citys sounds and smells. Instead,

278、 enjoy its diversity.1. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?A. Time passed quickly.B. English was hard to learn.C. The food was terrible.D. People were very different.2. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?A An Italian teacher.B. A government official.C. The

279、author herself.D. The authors classmate.3. How did the summer job benefit the author?A. It strengthened her love for school.B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction.C. It opened her eyes to the real world.D. It made her childhood dream come true.【2022年天津卷第二次】Im an 18-year-old pre-medical student,

280、 tall nd good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that he attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where

281、 my struggle began.Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black gi

282、rl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “Im so different!”What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence. It alwa

283、ys stood between me and any fine opportunity. Id taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astoni

284、shment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isnt a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. Its perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such

285、 famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit meif Im smart, I shouldnt allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfre

286、y, the famous talkshow host and writershes black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, Im practically filled with shame.Today, Ive grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning fo

287、r me: theres always something fantastic about us, and what w need to do is learn to appreciate it.41. What affected the authors adjustment to her school life in Norway!A. Her appearanceB. Social discrimnation.C. Her changing emotions.D. The climate in Norway.42. What did the authors occasional stutt

288、ering bring about according on Paragraph 3?A. Her lack of self-confidence.B. Her loss of interest in school.C. Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.D. Her desire for chances to improve herself.43. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and ne girl on the bus?A. Blessed a

289、nd proud.B. Confused and afraid.C. Amazed and relieved.D. Shocked and ashamed.44. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill?A. Great minds speak alike.B. Stuttering is no barrier to success.C. Wisdom counts more than hard work.D. Famous people cant live with their weakn

290、esses.45. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?A. Pride comes before a fall.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.D Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.2021年记叙文【2021年全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up our home i

291、n Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless bluesky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is th

292、e center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain

293、 trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.

294、When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, Id given it up.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. Ive traveled back several times since, most

295、 recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a railthin teenager, in a baggy white Tshirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed

296、not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A. He felt disappointed.B. He

297、 gave up his hobby.C. He liked the weather there.D. He had disagreements with his family.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Dont worry!10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?A. To join t

298、he skateboarding.B. To make new friends.C. To learn more tricks.D. To relive his childhood days11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. Children should learn a second language.B Sport is necessary for childrens health.C. Children need a sense of belongingD. Seeing the world is

299、a must for children.【2020年浙江卷1月】I never knew anyone whod grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. She ran Jacksons Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent y

300、ou straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book

301、 she wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day youd taken it out；it made no difference to her that youd read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two

302、 books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think

303、of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of Little Red Riding Hood with my brothers two daughters. Shed just look up at the right time, long enough to answer in character The better to eat you with

304、, my dear, and go back to her place in the magazine article.21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?A. diet.B. Strict.C. Humorous.D. Considerate.22. What do the underlined words this feeling refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in gam

305、es.D. Fear of the library rules.23. Where is the text probably from?A. guidebook.B. an autobiography.C. a news report.D. book review.2022年阅读理解说明文【2022年新高考全国 卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up

306、 by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the p

307、roject is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve

308、gone to bed.”“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens i

309、n 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are

310、looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”8. What is the purpose of th

311、e project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has r

312、ecovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It i

313、s highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.【2022年浙江卷6月】All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appear

314、ing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages. Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawak

315、i, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands. So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Fore

316、st project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and

317、 nature.”In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten

318、 times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. Its also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.4. What do we kn

319、ow about the Tiny Forest movement?A. It has achieved notable success.B. It is led by number of schools.C. It began in Europe in the 1970s.D. It will spread to the countryside.5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?A. To promote eco-tourism.B. To improve forestry research.C. T

320、o popularise gardening.D. To get people close to nature.6. What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?A. They are small in size.B. They are thickly planted.C. They are foreign species.D. They are heavily fertilised.【2022年浙江卷6月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to su

321、ccess, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job. In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those

322、who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesnt pay to be a per

323、fectionist. How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office

324、. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new d

325、irections and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort. Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a l

326、ot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”7. What does Ellen Langers study show?A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionistB. Transl

327、ation makes people knowledgeable.C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.D. Moderate effort produces the best result.8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_.A. is good at handling pressureB. works hard to become successfulC. a has a natural talent for his job.D. gets

328、 on well with his co-workers9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.10. What does the text seem to adv

329、ocate?A. Middle-of-the-road work habits.B. Balance between work and family.C. Long-standing cultural traditions.D. Harmony in the work environment.【2022年浙江卷1月】 The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By pr

330、oviding long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revol

331、utions.* writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt per

332、fected the machine that changed the world*. Klein writes, America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else.Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a cod

333、e for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. W

334、ith help from Tesla, Westinghouses firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during

335、 one mans lifetime. Its a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.4. What is Kleins understanding of the age of electricity?A. It is closely linked to the steam age.B. It began earlier than proper thought.C. It is a little-studied period of history.D. It will come to an en

336、d sooner or later.5. What can be inferred about Ned?B. He wrote many increasing stories,D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.A. He was born in New York City.C. He created an electricity company.6. What is the text?A. A biography.B. A book review.C. A short story.D. A science report.【2022年浙江卷6月】All

337、 around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may no

338、t normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages. Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others,

339、 the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands. So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying a

340、reas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and th

341、e trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundanc

342、e of wildlife. Its also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.4. What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?A. It has achieved notable success.B.

343、 It is led by number of schools.C. It began in Europe in the 1970s.D. It will spread to the countryside.5. What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?A. To promote eco-tourism.B. To improve forestry research.C. To popularise gardening.D. To get people close to nature.6. What is spec

344、ial about the trees in a Tiny Forest?A. They are small in size.B. They are thickly planted.C. They are foreign species.D. They are heavily fertilised.【2022年天津卷第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible fo human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to or

345、iginate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.If you think

346、about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They dont have emotions so much as needsthey dont feel sad, theyre just hungry and need foo

347、d. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when theyre cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether t

348、he brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.Further

349、studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one ex-periment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study,

350、 subjects fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as

351、one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If youre having a bad day,a warm cup of

352、tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know youre physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.46. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in _.A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychologyB. revealing the major role of the mind in

353、 human cognitionC. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brainD. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition47. Where does the new borns understanding of their surroundings start from?A. Their personal looks.B. Their mental needs.C. Their inner emotions.D. Their physical feelings.4

354、8. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove_.A. environment impacts how we judge othersB. how body temperature is related to healthC. the mind and the body influence each otherD. how humans interact with their surroundings49. What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors

355、 in Paragraph 5?A. Human speech is alive with metaphors.B. Human senses have effects on thinking.C. Human language is shaped by visual images.D. Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.50. What is the authors purpose in writing the last paragraph?A. To share with the reader ways to re

356、lease their emotions.B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success.C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.D. To deepen the readers understanding of EC.2021年阅读理解说明文【2021年新高考全国 卷】 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many

357、people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of thes

358、e qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how

359、best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the

360、 publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public a

361、nd researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. I

362、t is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional

363、 intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a persons mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a persons positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To pres

364、ent a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for f

365、uture studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【2021年全国乙卷】Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants

366、 you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Mad

367、e of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic polluti

368、on, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the st

369、raw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of

370、plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.28. What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco

371、-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute fo

372、r them.30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.31 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies

373、D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures2020年阅读理解说明文【2020年新课标】 Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change

374、, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its

375、about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its hi

376、s classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poe

377、ms, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay th

378、em. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. Its a window to a whole new world.C. Its a

379、substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A. Its a brief account of a trip.B. Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C. Its a record of a historic event.D. Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.26. What does

380、 the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.27. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. Hes an editor.C. Hes very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【2020年新课标】When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the envi

381、ronmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.

382、“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashi

383、on shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种).Its destroying the environment. Its them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trad

384、e kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it

385、. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think thats

386、going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. W

387、hat is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endang

388、ered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal

389、.B. Its risky.C. Its harmful.D. Its traditional.【2020年新高考全国 卷（山东卷）】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with he

390、avier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)part

391、icipate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increase

392、d her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two p

393、ieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were ma

394、king decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “Ill have what shes having” effect. However, well adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person

395、eats a lot, Ill follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Pi

396、cky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adju

397、st the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.【2020年北京卷】Baggy has become the first dog in the UKand potentially the worldto join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels ne

398、ar the ground. Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lu

399、ng problems. Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment

400、 A gency. The doggy data research was the idea of Baggys 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since repor

401、ted the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）. Matt Hunt said he was very proud of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop

402、 young kids from getting asthma.“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age, Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and

403、he said, why dont we put it on Baggys collar and let her monitor the pollution？So we did it.Tom said, Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.34. With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can _.A. take pollutan

404、t readingsB. record pollutant levelsC. process collected dataD. reduce air pollution35. What can we learn from the Baggy data?A. High places are free of air pollution.B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.C. Conventional monitors are more reliable.D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

405、36. What is Toms purpose of doing the research?A. To warn of a health risk.B. To find out pollution sources.C. To test his new monitor.D. To prove Baggys abilities.37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?A. Modest.B. Generous.C. Creative.D. Outgoing.【2020年浙江卷1月】Milwaukee,

406、 Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.Wisconsin, also called Americas Dairyland, is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! a result,

407、there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters freezing point, causing ice to melt(融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producer

408、s and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower waters freezing point.In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is har

409、ming the environment.Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!The chemical washes off roa

410、ds and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.Cheese brine has a downside too a shell similar to that of bad milk.

411、 I dont really mind it, Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsins county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. Our roads smell like Wisconsin! he said.24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?A. It is soft.B. It contains sal

412、t.C. It is warm.D. It has milk in it.25. What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?A. Improving air quality.B. Increasing sales of rock salt.C. Reducing water pollution.D. Saving the cheese industry.26. Milwaukees new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_.A. barking up the wrong treeB.

413、putting the cart before the horseC. robbing Peter to pay PaulD. killing two birds with one stone2022年阅读理解议论文【2022年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom,

414、 we rarely try to follow them in our lives.Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and lu

415、xury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships.What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving othe

416、rs without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better w

417、orld.The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that well soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.However,

418、love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is mor

419、e dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car cant move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.

420、With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?A. Making us simple-minded

421、B. Making us short-signted.C. Leading us onto a busy road.D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?A. Through maintaining good health.B. By going through pain and suffering.C. By recognizing ones abilities and limitations.D. Through offering

422、help much needed by others.53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one_.A. less selfishB. less annoyingC. more motivatedD. more responsible54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.B. W

423、hen our love for the world is insufficient.C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.D. When we stay blind to the reality.55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when _.A. inspired by love and guided by knowledgeB. directed by love and pushed by knowledgeC. purified by love and

424、 enriched by knowledgeD. promoted by love and defined by knowledge2021年阅读理解议论文【2021年全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man a

425、nd explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said that history

426、is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as

427、 young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford

428、 to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will s

429、ee that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. What does the author think of victors s

430、tandards for joining the genius club?A. Theyre unfair.B. Theyre conservative.C. Theyre objective.D. Theyre strict.13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are

431、likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors concepts.D. Changes in peoples social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Geni

432、us Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone.

433、In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australian

434、s who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still ch

435、oosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素） only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isnt the only factor; Id say its also to do with the makeup of your

436、household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we

437、 play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their

438、 target users.B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.D. Their complex design.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games.B. They enjoy guessing callers identity

439、.C. They keep using landline phones.D. They are attached to their family.27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.【2021年北京卷】Early f

440、ifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked himAlbert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure itTodays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein rightEven advanced physics

441、cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre askingForget about time as an absoluteWhat if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？Were increa

442、singly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balanceWhat if our definition of time reflected that？Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances

443、 on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warmingWere now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changesWeve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the wate

444、rways continue to flow at their present rateIf the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard timeIf they run slower，youll see the opposite effectThe clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamicsIts a sort of observatory th

445、at reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phonesAnyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planetAnyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter

446、 a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policiesEven if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomenaIn pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”offi

447、cial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of seasonTemporal connection to the environment was vital to their survivalLikewise，river time and other timekeeping systems were developing may encourage environmental awarenessWhen StAugustine admitted his inability to defi

448、ne time， he highlighted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined contextAny timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to natureB. Everyone can define ti

449、me on their own termsC. The qualities of time vary with how you measure itD. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to_A. present an assumptionB. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experimentD. introduce an approach33. What

450、can we learn from this passage？A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced lifeB. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systemsC. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slowerD. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame34. What

451、can we infer from this passage？A. It is crucial to improve the definition of timeB. A fixed frame will make time meaninglessC. We should live in harmony with natureD. History is a mirror reflecting reality【2021年天津卷第一次】About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It w

452、orried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.I didnt think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.

453、It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.The destruction started three months ago. It was my husbands birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something specia

454、l.“Lets make a cake for Dad!” I cried.My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from

455、a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts

456、 to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and

457、 replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to lear

458、n to leave the past behind.Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopefu

459、l skin, that is where we begin.40What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?AIts tank grew dirty.BIts old skin came off.CIt got a skin disease.DIt went missing.41Why did the authors husband have banana pudding for his birthday?AThe birthday cake was ruined.BThe author made good puddings

460、.CPudding was his favorite dessert.DThey couldnt afford a birthday cake.42Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?ATo prove a theory.BTo define a concept.CTo develop the theme.DTo provide the background.43The underlined part leaving behind the layer in Paragraph 8 can be understood

461、 as .Aletting go of the pastBlooking for a new jobCgetting rid of a bad habitDgiving up an opportunity44What does the author most likely want to tell us?ALove of family helps us survive great hardships.BIts not the end of the world if we break things.CWe should move on no matter what happens.DPast e

462、xperiences should be treasured.【2021年天津卷第一次】There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requir

463、es commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master ones field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at wor

464、k. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have love

465、d to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit.Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view

466、 the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good me

467、dical skills.Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. Sh

468、e has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. I dont know where it will lead, but Im excited Im on this pursuit.These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us ne

469、w perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.51To become a specialist, one may have to_.Anarrow his range of kn

470、owledgeBavoid responsibilities at workCknow more about the societyDbroaden his perspective on life52The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to_.Atreasure their freedomBtravel around the worldCspend most time workingDenjoy meeting funny people53According to the author, a superior doctor is one

471、who_.Ais fully aware of his talent and abilityBis a pure specialist in medicineCshould love poetry and philosophyDbrings knowledge of other fields to work54What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?APassion alone does not ensure a persons success.BIn-depth exploration makes discov

472、eries possible.CEveryone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.DSeemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.55What could be the best title for the passage?ABe More a Generalist Than a SpecialistBSpecialist or Generalist: Hard to DecideCTurn a Generalist into a SpecialistDWays to Become a

473、 Generalist2020年阅读理解议论文【2020年北京卷】Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These sys

474、tems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change. Some of todays AI pioneers want to move on from todays world of “weak” or

475、 “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, todays powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could

476、suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If were successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early d

477、ays of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machinethat can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to sugg

478、est that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. B

479、ut if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do no

480、t come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of todays excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these s

481、ystems. And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?A. Enormous in quantity.B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality.

482、D. Present everywhere.43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A. Help to tackle problems.B. Make brains more active.C. Benefit ambitious people.D. Set up powerful databases.44. As for Irving Goods opinion on ultra-intelligent machines the author is _.A. supportiveB. disapprovingC.

483、fearfulD. uncertain45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A. It may be only a dream.B. It will come into being soon.C. It will be controlled by humans.D. It may be more dangerous than ever.【2020年江苏卷】I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researc

484、her. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living

485、 in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderf

486、ul. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprise

487、d.After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juans world, each village could have its own moon. In Juans world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything

488、was possible.In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juans village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for,

489、 little left to discover. At least it seems that way.Yet, as I thought about Juans question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. H

490、ow much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries:

491、new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless,

492、life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the disc

493、overies. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these peopl

494、e and how their lives changed our view of the world.We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often

495、 than not, we do not even know its name.65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?A. Out of place.B. Full of joy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?A. He learned more about the local language.B. They had a nice conversation with each other.C. They un

496、derstood each other while playing.D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.67. Why was the author surprised at Juans question about the moon?A. The question was too straightforward.B. Juan knew so little about the world.C. The author didnt know how to answer.D. The author didnt think Juan was

497、sincere.68. What was the authors initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?A. To sort out what we have known.B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.D. To learn more about local cultures.69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoverie

498、s?A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.B. They followed other scientists closely.C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?A. The Possible and the Impossible .B. The Known and the Unk

499、nown .C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.2022年阅读理解新闻报道【2022年全国乙卷】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. Th

500、e girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West

501、 by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths,

502、 and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and al

503、so on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍)

504、of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice

505、, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book.D. To do sightseeing.5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They ha

506、d a room with a bathtub.C They lived with the local kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.6. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D. The natural beauty of the West.7. What is the

507、 text?A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A childrens story.D. A diary entry.2020年阅读理解新闻报道【2020年新高考全国 卷（山东卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the c

508、ountry, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,

509、 where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his host

510、s in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspecte

511、d of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his

512、 tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid d

513、escription of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to regain health.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious m

514、ental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissells road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerous.11. What is the purpose of this text?A

515、. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.【2020年新高考全国 卷（海南卷）】In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected p

516、erhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginnin

517、g to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.

518、 Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered t

519、hem simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere

520、again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can b

521、e helped to grasp them.Success is success but that is all that it is, Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A. It carried more weight than it could.B. It swayed violently in a strong windC. Its roadway was damaged b

522、y vehiclesD. Its access was blocked by many people.9. Which of the following is Dr Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3?A. No design is well received everywhereB. Construction is more important than design.C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering designD. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.10. What does the last paragraph suggest?A. Failure can lead to progress.B. Success results in overconfidenceC. Failure should be avoided.D. Success comes from joint efforts.11. What is the text?A. A news reportB. A short story.C. A book reviewD. A research article.