专题09 初中英语语法公式（9）宾语从句定语从句.docx

1、初中英语语法公式（9）宾语从句，定语从句Part1：宾语从句1Part2：定语从句3Part1：宾语从句公式1主句(+that)(无实义，只引导)+宾语从句 I dont think (that) there will be time to do it. 我认为没有时间做这件事了。公式2主句+whether/if(“是否”)+宾语从句 I dont know weather/if it is going to rain. 我不知道是否会下雨。结构主要子句whetherif子句说明此句型意为“是否”。口语中使用 if 较为普遍。如果子句中带有 or not 等词，则只能用 whether；另外，

2、whether 不能引导否定的间接疑问句，而 if 则可以。 He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他问我价格是否太高。 They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他们问他质量是否好。 Tell me whether you like this color. 告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。 Tell me if it doesnt rain. 告诉我是否下不了雨。 Ask him if it is true. 问他那是不是真的。I wonder if he is

3、in the school. 我想知道他是否在学校。公式31)介词+whether+宾语从句 2)主句+whether or not+宾语从句 3)主句+whether to do Im interested in whether he likes English. 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。公式4主句+连接代词who/what/which/whose等+宾语从句结构主要子句疑问词（whathowwhichwhy 等）子句说明这是间接疑问句。疑问词后面的语句采用正常词序，不采用特殊疑问句所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的疑问句要改为肯定句

4、或否定句的顺序；助动词如 will，should，would， must，may，can 等，须照抄，不可去掉；助动词如 do，does，did，必须去掉，再将它后面的原形动词改为适当的形式。 Id like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道经理有多大年纪。 He inquired how it was done. 他问这事做得怎么样了。 Please advise me which item I should buy. 请问我该先买哪个品种。 Tell me why it is so important? 告诉我为什么此事这么重要？ They do n

5、ot know what the words mean. 他们不知道这些字的意思是什么。 Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。 What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。 She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week. 她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期长多少。 You will never know how much your encouragement mea

6、nt to me. 你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。公式5 Do you know if/where .结构一般疑问句疑问词（whatwherewhen 等）子句说明此句为双重疑问句。疑问词后面采用正常词序，不用倒装词序。 Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗？ Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪里人，您知道不知道？ Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？ Do you know who wa

7、nts to go with me? 你知道谁想跟我一起去吗？ Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火车何时开吗？ Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗？Part2：定语从句公式6先行词+who(作主语、宾语)/whom(作宾语)+定语从句结构主语（人）关系代名词（Who）动词。说明who 是主格关系代名词，引导形容词子句，前面的先行词接“人”，后面接动词，必须和先行词保持一致。who 可用 that 代替。 The man who called was tired. 打

8、电话的那个男人是疲倦的。 The boy who is speaking to Helen enjoys playing soccer. 正在跟海伦谈话的那男孩喜爱踢足球。 People who use their free time well are usually healthy and happy. 善于利用空闲时间的人通常健康又快乐。公式7 . which .结构主语动词名词（物）关系代名词（which）动词。说明which 可作主格或受格关系代名词，引导形容词子句，前面的先行词接“动物”或“事物”，后面接动词，必须和先行词保持一致。 Here is a book, which is

9、very interesting. 这里有一本非常有趣的书。 I like to watch TV programs which are about sports.我喜欢观赏有关运动的电视节目。 They want to sell the house, which has only one door.他们想卖掉那幢只有一扇门的房子。公式8. + N + who/which .结构名词whowhomwhichthat说明关系代名词有 who，whom，which 三种，均用以引导形容词子句，修饰前面的名词。修饰人用 who 或 whom；修饰物用 which。that 可用来取代 who，who

10、m 或 which，但须注意其前不可置介系词，也不可有逗点，that 之前若有插入语，则不受逗点限制。作受格的 whom， which，that 在限定修饰的句构中可以省略。 Never trust a man who (that) breaks his word easily. 不要信任一个常常食言的人。 He laughs best who laughs last. 最后笑者笑得最好。 He is a man on whom I can rely. 他是我可以信赖的那一种人。 No one will buy a book which (that) is poorly written. 没有

11、人会买一本写得很烂的书。 I have found the bicycle which (that) you lost yesterday.我发现了你昨天丢的那辆脚踏车。 I like my school, which is famous for its excellent facilities.我喜欢我的学校，它以优良的设备出名。 Volleyball is a sport of which I am very fond. 排球是我很喜欢的运动。 He is a good boy, as far as I know, that (whom) you can trust. 据我所知，他是个好男

12、孩，你可以相信他。 There are many things that money cant buy. 有很多东西是金钱买不到的。Dont take things that do not belong to you. 不要拿不属于你的东西。公式9. + N + whose .结构名词whose说明whose 为关系代名词的所有格，系由 his，her，their，my，your 以及 its 等所有格变化而成，引导形容词子句。 People whose homes are in town want to live in the country.住在市区里的人希望住在乡下。 This is a

13、 short story whose easy style I love very much. 这是一则短篇小说，我很喜欢它那简单的笔调。I envy Mike, whose car is fancy. 真羡慕麦克，他的车子真漂亮。公式10. those who + V .结构thosewho动词说明此句型意为“（那些）的人”。those 在此是泛指一般的人。 Christmas is a time for friends and family members to see each other again and to send Christmas cards to those who li

14、ve far away. 圣诞节是朋友家人互相再见，以及寄圣诞卡给住在远方的人的一段时间。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者神助之。 We can talk to those who live far away by telephone.我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。 Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。There is no easy way to do business, and only those who do their best

15、to win clients can win business. 做生意无快捷方式可走，只有那些千方百计赢得客户的人才能赢得生意。公式11. all (that) .说明此句型意为“所有的一切东西”。all 等于 everything；that 为关系代名词，代替 all。that 在所引导的形容词子句中若做主语时，不可省略，但若做受词，则往往予以省略。all that 往往可视为复合关系代名词 what 看待。 All (that) he said is true. 他说的都是真的。 We must do all that is to be done. 我们必须做该做的事。 All (Wha

16、t) you have to do is (to) follow me. 你所必须要做得就是跟着我。 All (that) I want is a beautiful red car. 我所要的就是一辆美丽的红色车子。 All that he does, he does it well. 他做任何事都很出色。 All that you do, do with your might. 做任何事都应不遗余力。 All you have to do is call on the house phone. 我只要做的就是拨个室内电话。 All you have to do is learn it by

17、 heart. 你只要做的就是把它背出来。 All I have to do is persuade him to go with us. 我只要做的就是说服他跟我们一起去。公式12. all + N + that .结构allanyeveryno名词that说明all，any，every，no 若修饰名词，该名词之后的关系代名词一般要用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 All the students that work hard can definitely pass the exam. 用功的学生必能通过考试。 I have no disk that may intere

18、st you. 我没有一张唱片能引起你的兴趣。 Every student that comes here should report to me. 每一个到这里来的学生都应向我报告。Dont do anything that should go against his will. 不要做违背他心意的事。公式13. the only N that .结构the onlythe verythe firstthe last名词that说明the only，the very，the first，the last 若修饰名词，该名词之后的关系代名词一般要用 that 取代 who，whom，which

19、。 Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。 He is the last person that Ill get along with. 他是我最不愿与之相处的人。 He is the very person that knows the password. 只有他知道密码。公式14. the most N that .结构形容词最高级名词that说明最高级的形容词修饰名词时，该名词之后的关系代名词一般要用 that 取代 who，whom， which。 This is the most in

20、terest book that I have ever read. 这是我念过的最有趣的书。 You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 你是我见过的最美丽的女孩。 This is the most convincing evidence that I can find to prove my point. 这是我所能找到的最令人信服的证据，以证明我的观点。、公式15 Who/What . that .结构疑问词（who，what 等）that说明为避免与疑问词重复，可使用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 Wh

21、o is the boy that is standing over there? 站在那里的男孩是谁？ What is the book about that she is reading? 她在看什么书？Where is the man that owes you $100? 那个欠你一百块的人住在哪里？公式16. N + where .结构地方名词where说明此句型意为“的地方”。where 是关系副词，由“介系词关系代名词 which”变化而成，引导形容词子句，修饰名词。在限定修饰的句构中，可保留 where，而将前面的名词省略。 There are some countries w

22、here (=in which) the supply of fuel is very limited. 有些国家的燃料供应非常有限。 He went to the station, where (=at which) he met his father.他到车站去，见到了他父亲。 Thats (the place) where he spent most of his life. 那里就是他度过大半生的地方。. reach the point where公式17. N + when .结构时间名词（when）说明此句型意为“的时候”。when 是关系副词，由“介系词关系代名词 which”变

23、化而成，引导形容词子句，修饰名词。在限定修饰的句构中，可保留 when，而将前面的名词省略；也可将 when 省略。 Tell me (the exact time) when the next train will arrive.告诉我下一班火车抵达的正确时刻。 She came in June, when (=in which) it was very hot. 她六月来，那时天气非常热。 The last time (when) I saw him, he was quite well. 最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。公式18. the reason why .结构. the reas

24、on + why .说明此句型意为“的理由”。why 是关系副词，由“介系词关系代名词 which”变化而成，引导形容词子句，修饰名词。可保留 why，而将前面的名词省略；也可将 why 省略。the reason why 无非限定用法，即 why 之前不可以加逗点。 Please tell me the reason why (=for which) you were absent. 请告诉我你为什么缺席。 Tell me the reason (why) he refused to listen to my advice.告诉我为何他拒绝听从我的劝告。Thats (the reason)

25、why he cried. 那就是他为何哭的原因。公式19. the way how .结构. the way + how .说明此句型意为“的方法”。how 是关系副词，由“介系词关系代名词 which”变化而成，引导形容词子句，修饰名词。可保留 how，而将前面的名词省略；也可将 how 省略。the way how 无非限定用法，即 how 之前不可以加逗点。 I dont know the way how (=in which) he did it. 我不知道他是以何种方法做这事的。 Thats the way (how) he treats people. 那就是他的待人之道。I know (the way) how he did it. 我知道他是以何种方法做这事的。扫码关注英语学科网服务号，第一时间获取资源更新通知关注英语学科网服务号，提供一对一优质人工服务，减少资源检索时间。