专题10 个人成长与健康-（七选五）-五年（2018—2022）高考英语真题精选分类训练 长难句分析.docx

1、 10 个人成长与健康Passage1（2022全国新高考1卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇保持健康建议265 partnerFitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “_36_” With a workout partne

2、r, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. _37_ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would

3、like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response. _38_ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a loc

4、al park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. _39_ You and your partner will probably have different skil

5、ls. _40_ Over time, both of you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs

6、 to live close by.C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G. Any notice for a training partner shou

7、ld include such information.【答案解析】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。【36题详解】根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(健身杂志最近

8、刊登了一篇题为感谢健身伙伴的五个理由的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“Youll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。【37题详解】根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able t

9、o move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。【38题详解】根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably wont result

10、in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。【39题详解】根据前文“My partner pos

11、ted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地

12、公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。【40题详解】根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣

13、可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit - your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。

14、【长难句析】1. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response.【分析】本句是复合句，含有并列分句but it probably wont result in a useful response.，主句是You might think about posting，其后又有一个what you are looking for on social media的宾语从句。【译文】你可能会想在社交媒体上发布你

15、想要的东西，但这可能不会得到有用的回应。 2. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. 【分析】本句included后有三个并列的宾语从句，分别由what., how many days.and how many hours.引导。【译文】她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的培训，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。 3.The

16、core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.【分析】本句是个复合句，里面还有宾语从句that you will always be there to help each other.。【译文】你们关系的核心(核心)就是你们会一直在那里互相帮助。Passage2（2022年1月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇时间管理事例阐述246 timeI have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific

17、choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. _11_Pick the most important. _12_ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but dont want the life of a big company CEO. My choi

18、ces are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. _13_ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your compan

19、y who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love. _14_You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be l

20、ooking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world wont come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. _15_ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way

21、.A. Speed up.B. Be an active learner.C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.G. This is why making lists is important in

22、 any productivity handbook.【答案解析】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。【11题详解】上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天

23、，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。【12题详解】根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for

24、you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。【13题详解】上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.(

25、许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。【14题详解】空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new way

26、s of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这

27、里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。【15题详解】下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world wont come to

28、an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。【长难句析】1. I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific ch

29、oice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 【分析】本句含有but引导的并列， as you do为方式状语从句； that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed为定语从句，修饰先行词specific choice. 【译文】我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了特别的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松。 2. I chose the life of an a

30、dviser because I like to work with companies, but dont want the life of a big company CEO. 【分析】本句含有because引导的原因状语从句；but为并列连词。【译文】我选择了顾问的生活，因为我喜欢与公司合作，但不想过大公司CEO的生活。 3. You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on

31、daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. 【分析】本句是复合句，含有省略了that的宾语从句learning takes more time from you，but引导为并列句，其后又含有定语从句 that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important.为现在分词，做结果状语。【译文】你可能会认为学习需要花费你更多的时间，但实际上总是有新的方法来做事情，可以节省你在日常任务上的时间，让你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。Passage3（20

32、21年全国乙卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇提升自我事例阐述281interestingAccording to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. _36_, if youre out of your comfort zone or if youre wandering into somebodys house for the first time. So the main thing is just

33、 to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, youll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is youre tal

34、king to. _37_, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. _38_? If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If youre th

35、e host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation._39_.And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give

36、the host a compliment（赞扬）. _40_. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”So being interesting at a dinner party isnt that hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get

37、here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink or wont stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most【答案解析】【答案】36

38、. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。【36题】根据上文“its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就

39、是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。【37题】根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up co

40、nversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。【38题】根据下文“If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. I

41、f youre the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talking(喝太

42、多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。【39题】根据上文“If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If youre the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人

43、，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。【40题】根据上文“If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talk

44、ing again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the we

45、ight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项【长难句析】1. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. 【分析】本句的含非谓语动词，其中动词不定式to show up and be adventurous做表语，现在分词trying different foods and talking to strangers做伴随状语。【译文】所以最主要

46、的事情就是去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人聊天。 2. If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.【分析】本句含有If引导的条件状语从句，主句是the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment，其中 that always

47、gets everyone talking again为定语从句。【译文】如果你在晚宴上遇到尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家重新开始说话的就是赞美主人。Passage4（2021年北京卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇健康事例阐述275musicMusic has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people _35_ The mental health benefits from music cant be arguedMusic could also be helping you with many other h

48、ealth problems behind the scenes_36_However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in painBy distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levelsThis，of course，can lead to less painMany people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to go

49、ing to bed_37_While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressureSimilarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety

50、When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that its not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart healthIn one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure_38_ On the other hand，when t

51、he music slowed，the participants stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit_39_But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuableA. This feeling can also result i

52、n many other health problemsB. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loudC. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backingD. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleepE. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impres

53、siveF. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxietyG. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were【答案解析】【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。35题详解】空格后说“The mental health benefits from music cant be arg

54、ued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。【36题详解】空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此

55、空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。【37题详解】空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed

56、相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。【38题详解】空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G

57、选项切合题意，故选G。【39题详解】空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康

58、的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。【长难句析】1. While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure【分析】本句的both of which will be graded.为定语从句， from time to time 为固定短语，意为：时不时地。【翻译】虽然这一想法的有效性仍在评估中，但压力的降低甚至可以与血压联系起来。 2. When it comes to heart health，the

59、re is speculation that its not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health【分析】本句的both of which will be graded.为定语从句， from time to time 为固定短语，意为：时不时地。【翻译】 说到心脏健康，有猜测(推测)，不是音乐的风格，而是节奏使它对心脏健康如此有益。 3.But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning

60、up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable【分析】本句的both of which will be graded.为定语从句， from time to time 为固定短语，意为：时不时地。【翻译】但是，打开收音机可能会对一系列其他健康问题有益，这也是音乐如此有价值的原因。Passage5（2020新课标）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇自我接纳事例阐述264self-acceptanceA Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to ac

61、cept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. _36_ Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction._37_ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered

62、 because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. _38_ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than gettin

63、g caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? That didnt go as planned. But, I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accompl

64、ishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. _39_Now that youve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.

65、_40_ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G.

66、 When does the comparison game start?【答案解析】【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。36.根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。37.根据下文Are you hoping

67、 that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和

68、别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。38.根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。39.根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earne

69、d your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选C项。40.结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读

70、一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。【长难句析】1. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the p

71、arking lot.【分析】本句含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词People，主句People got in other lines long；after引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】你发誓说的那些人在你退房去停车场很久之后还在排别的队。 2.Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.【分析】本句的that will set you in the right direction为定语从句，修饰a handful of ways，其中that也可省略，或是in which.【译文】这里有一些方法可以让你

72、找到正确的方向。Passage6（2020年山东卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇演讲原则事物介绍259 principles Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking._16_Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often whe

73、n you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ _17_ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the o

74、ne who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one._18_Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker._19_And like everything else in life, th

75、at takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis._20_Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on for

76、ever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C.

77、You don t need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because th

78、ey train to be.【答案解析】【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题-演讲者要训练。故选G。17.下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do th

79、e opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presen

80、tation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。【长难句析】1. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. 【分析】本句含有when引导的时间状语从句，at the expense of为固定短语，意为。【译文】太多时候，当你站起来发表演讲

81、时，你把注意力集中在“公众”上，而忽略了“演讲”。 2. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. 【分析】本句含有两个who引导的定语从句，主句是the only one is the one 。【译文】然而，唯一在乎错误的人是说话的人。 人们的注意力经常会走神。Passage4（2020年6月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇生活习惯事例阐述269experienceI experienced years of loneliness as a child. _31_ His fr

82、iends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.

83、 _32_ I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. _33_ My mother also encouraged me t

84、o make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. _34_ I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transf

85、orm them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me._35_My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends,

86、 while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. Theyre all memories I treasure today.A. I wasnt alone any longer.B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.C. I was invited to play with another kid.D. I loved the colorful photographs in the

87、books.E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.G. My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.【答案解析】【答案】31. G 32. D 33. A 34. F 35. E【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。31.设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting

88、 his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。32.根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D项切题。故选D项。33.根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A项切题。故选A项。34.根据前句“

89、当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F项切题。故选F项。35.根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E项切题。故选E项。 【长难句析】1. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 【分析】本句含有When引导的时间

90、状语从句和宾语从句how creative my designs were。【译文】当我妈妈看到我的作品时，她告诉我我的设计是多么有创意。 2. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. 【分析】本句 made it a point中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to spend time outside,a point 为宾语补足语。【译文】 无论天气或季节如何，我的父母都要求他们的两个孩子出去玩。Passage8（2019全国卷I

91、）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇健康事例阐述273fresh airIs Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” _36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which it wou

92、ld be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection betwee

93、n the natural world and healing(治愈). _38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tr

94、ee branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still prot

95、ect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side

96、 benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【答案解析】【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，

97、阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。36.E 【解析】根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。37.A 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“If the air youre breathing is cleanthe air is

98、 filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。38.G 【解析】根据下一句中提到的“these places”可

99、以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。39.C 【解析】前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。40.D 【解析】根据下文中提到的“the suns raysgive us beneficial Vita

100、min D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。【长难句析】1. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.【分析】本句If you exercise out of doors为条件状语从句，allowing为现在分词短语做结果状语。【译文】如果你在户外运动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，

101、让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑(肌肉)。 2. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 【分析】本句的who引导定语从句，are likely to为固定句型，意为：很有可能和。【翻译】在医院里，看到窗外有树枝的病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。 2019全国卷IIPassage9（2019全国卷II）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇目标设定事

102、例阐述272goal settingImagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. _36_Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided._

103、37_ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your youre your goalsYou also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This

104、 is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. _38_ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze y

105、our short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to

106、be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure tha

107、t you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you nee

108、d most to do a good job.G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【答案解析】【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。36.G 【解析】上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。37.B 【解析】下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。38.A 【解析】上文说“

109、有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。39.E【解析】上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。40.C 【解析】上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。【长难句析】For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough.【分析】本句含有but并列分句but，because your eyesight is not good enough.为原因状语从句。【译文】例如，你可能想成为一名飞行员，但不能成为一名，因为你的视力不够好。