2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语高效学案：必修一 语法倒装句讲解 WORD版.doc

1、倒装句一、全部倒装全部倒装即把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。当副词here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, then, ahead, off, over等位于句首、谓语动词常为be, come, go, follow, run, rush, fly, fall等不及物动词，而且主语又是名词时，用完全倒装。注意：此类倒装只限于一般现在时和一般过去式，不用进行时态并且若主语是代词时，不用倒装。同学们可借助下面的图形速记用于完全倒装的词。1介词短语(地点状语)不及物动词主语Under the tree sits a beautiful girl.A beau

2、tiful girl sits under the tree. 树下坐着一位漂亮的女孩。South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool. 我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers. 地板上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。2表方向、地点的副词(here, there, up, down, away)不及物动词主语

3、，构成的全部倒装句Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief. 听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。Here comes the bus. 公交来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。 3“主系表”结构如强调表语通常转化为“表系主”(表语通常为形容词、现在分词和过去分词)的全部倒装句。Happy are those who are contented. Those who are contented are happy. 知足常乐。Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous univ

4、ersity last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。4there be 句型。There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。There are thousands of people gathering on the square.

5、广场上聚集着成千上万的人注意: 引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live，rise, happen, come, go，occur, follow等半系动词，或seem to be, happen to be, is likely to be 。There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。There stand two white houses by the river. 河滨矗立着两座白房子。There existed some doubt among

6、 the students. 学生中有些怀疑。5. 直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装。若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首，并且说话人是名词时，将say 或ask置于说话人之前，就完全倒装。 “Are you ready?” asked the teacher. “你们准备好了吗？”老师问道。 “It is unbelievable ! ” said Tom. 汤姆说：“这真叫人难以置信！”二、部分倒装部分倒装的秘诀：像一般疑问句。1否定式部分倒装否定句中的否定词、否定词组或否定句型放在句首时，其后的部分需部分倒装(变成一般疑问句的形式)。常见否定词：no、not、never、seldom、littl

7、e、hardly、nowhere（无处，哪儿也找不到）等。Never before in all my life have I felt so happy! 我一生中从未这么开心过！Nowhere else could you find such beautiful scenery. 哪儿也找不到这样美丽的景色。Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他刚坐下，手机就响了。No sooner ha

8、d he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。Little修饰动词know, imagine, think, guess, realize, suspect, 表示“一点也不” = not at all常见否定词组：by no means = in/under no circumstances = in no way = on no condition = on no account = in no case = on no consideration 表示“决不”，at no time （无论在什么时候

9、都不）Under no circumstances can you underestimate your rival. 在任何情况下你都不能低估你的对手。常见否定句型：not only . but also、hardly/scarcely . when、 no sooner . than、 not until等。Hardly had she got married when she regretted her choice. 她一结婚就后悔自己的选择了。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，

10、妈妈才离开房间。Not only is this young man clever but he is also hardworking. 这个年轻人不仅聪明，而且勤奋。名师馨语:当not until引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。只有当not only . but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用部分倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only . but also仅连接两个并列词语，句子不可用部分倒装结构。 如：Not only you but also I am fond of music.2“only状语”式部分倒装 （only+状语从句，从句不倒装，主句倒装）Only后加

11、副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句时，后面的主句需要部分倒装。句式：only + 状语 + 助动词/ 系动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形。Only when one loses freedom does one realize its value.= One only realizes the value of freedom when one loses it. 只有在一个人失去自由的时候，才知道自由的可贵。Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。Only in this way can you use the compu

12、ter well. 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有他病重时，他才待在床上。3so/such部分倒装that从句 Adj. / adv. So+ adj. + a / an + n. + that clause (结果状语从句) Many/ much/ few/ little (少) + n. a/ an + adj. + 可数名词单数Such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that clause (结果状语从句) Adj. + 不可数名词So nice is Jenny

13、that we all like her. 珍妮为人很好，我们都很喜欢她。Look! So little a boy can lift such a heavy box. (小)We had to do so much homework that we had no time to take a rest. So much homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us.

14、 （少）I dont believe that such little children can finish the work in time. （小）He was so excited that he could not say a word. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。His anger was such that he lost control of himself. Such was his anger that he lost control of himself. 他是如此地生

15、气，以至于他不能控制自己了。4so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语Since my return to China, I havent seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。句式是：So + 助动词/ 系动词/ 情态动词 + 主语。表示“也是、”She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。He can

16、send emails to his former classmates. So can she. 他能电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。He went to the film last night. So did I. 昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。表示对前面或对方所说情况的赞同或证实，意思是“的确如此”。句式是：so + 主语 + 助动词/ 系动词/ 情态动词- It is cold today. 今天很冷。 - So it is and so was it yesterday. 确实是很冷，昨天也很冷。Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。句式

17、：neither/ nor + 助动词/ 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语，表示“也不、” She wont go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he . 我不会游泳，他也不会。注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他

18、妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定）She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词）5as/though引导的让步状语从句倒装结构句式：“形容词/副词/动词/名词as/though主语+ 动词”。表语提前，构成倒装。Though she is very pretty, she is not clever. Pretty though she is, she is not clever 虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。 Although it may a

19、ppear strange, it is true. Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people. 虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。 Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English. Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。 （名词单数前不用不定冠词a） Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three. Shortest as

20、 he is, he is the richest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。（形容词最高级前去定冠词the）动词提前，构成倒装。 Though they searched, they could not find anything in the house. Search as they did, they could not find anything in the house. 虽然他们搜遍了， 却没在房子里找到任何东西。 Though I failed, I would try again. Fail as I did, I would try

21、again. 尽管我失败了，但我还要再试。 Though she may try again, she wont pass it. Try as she may, she wont pass it. 尽管愿意再试，她还是不会通过的。副词提前，构成倒装。 Though he tried hard, he couldnt pass the exam. Hard as he tried, he couldnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了，他还没有通过考试。 Though I listened attentively, I still couldnt understand what h

22、e said at the meeting. Attentively as I listened, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了，我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。 Though he ran the fastest, he still didnt catch the train. Fastest as he ran, he still didnt catch the train. 尽管他跑得最快，仍没有赶上火车。（副词最高级前不用定冠词the）注意：这一结构中，动词要用原形，名词要用零冠词，形容词或副

23、词最高级前不用the。 6、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。 Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad. Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.7一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。 I have seen her taking a w

24、alk alone many a time. Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。 She often came to my house in the past. Often did she come to my house in the past. 过去她常到我家来。8表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。 Well do I remember the day when I joined the League. 我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。 Gladly would I accept your proposa

25、l. 我很高兴接受你的建议。9非谓语动词 + be + 主语。 Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。 Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. 同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。 First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。三常见的其他形式的倒装结构1宾语位于句首表示强调The past one can know, but the fu

26、ture one can only feel. 一个人可以明知过去，但只能感悟未来。What Julia did I cannot imagine. 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么。2the .more. the more .结构中的倒装The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前）The more you study, the more you know. 你学得越多，就明白越多。（宾语提前）注意：有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。 I like the painting better the more I look at i

27、t. 我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。3一些习惯说法使用倒装语序。 How goes it with you 你好吗？ What care I 管我什么事？ What matters it 这有什么关系？4一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。 I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time. Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。 She often came to my house in the past. Often did

28、 she come to my house in the past. 过去她常到我家来。In front of the sat a lady in red. I came near did I recognize that she was my mother.Neither have I .Were I free, my father passed away did I make up my mind to return home and stay with my mother for some time.5. 感叹句 （What感叹名词，How感叹形容词/副词） （1.）What + a/

29、an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语 ！ （2.）What + adj. + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 ！ （3.）How + adj. / adv. + 主语 + 谓语 ！What interesting news it is !How quickly he runs! 注意：（1.）把陈述句变为感叹句时常把形容词前的修饰词去掉。 It is a very interesting action movie. What an interesting action movie it is!(2.) What + a / an + adj. + 可数名词单数！ = How + adj. + a / an + 可数名词单数！What a bid egg! = How big an egg!(3.) What + adj. + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 ！ = How + adj. + the + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + 谓语 ！ What kind old men! = How kind the old men are!