专题12 七选五之依据行文手法（线索词汇 逻辑关系）解题（讲义）(解析版）-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用）.docx

1、专题12 七选五之依据行文手法（线索词汇+逻辑关系）解题01专题网络思维脑图02考情分析解密高考03高频考点以考定法考点 依据行文手法设题【高考解密】命题点01 线索词汇题命题点02 逻辑关系题【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养微专题微专题 解释说明句易错陷阱05创新好题分层练考点考查内容利用设空位置解题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在美育融入试题方面，全国卷阅读题开启艺术之旅的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上

2、的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了学校园艺项目，烹饪习惯的改变等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2023 年全国卷通过选取极简主义生活、群体智慧效应、印刷书籍对人类的意义，实物对历史的重要性等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取建造生态机器来净化污水等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通。学科素养：1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样

3、，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。高考考题设问项目卷别语篇类型主题语境考查类别段首句段中句段尾句2023新高考卷说明文人与自我自我原谅的一些具体方法041新高考卷说明文人与社会开始艺术之旅的好建议1312023年1月浙江卷说明文人与社会如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快

4、的建议140甲卷说明文人与自我介绍了成为一个有耐心的人的技巧 131乙卷说明文人与自然介绍了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物0312022新高考卷说明文人与社会寻找锻炼伙伴041甲卷说明文人与社会外出用餐礼仪131乙卷说明文人与社会如何维持友谊3112021新高考卷记叙文人与社会体验巴黎人的生活140甲卷说明文人与社会旧衣物交换活动140乙卷说明文人与自我使自己变得有趣221命题点01 线索词汇题典例01【2023新高考全国卷】Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their succe

5、sses but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. 40. Were all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at d

6、oing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说

7、明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。40.G根据空后内容“Were all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personal

8、ity.”符合语境。故选G。选项中的mistake和文章中的mistakes是原词复现。典例02【2023年新高考I卷】You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. _19_ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a mis

9、take to try thisits a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E.

10、It doesnt mean you have to ignore whats happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.【答案】19. C 【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special

11、and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可

12、以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try thisits a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。典例03【2022全国乙卷节选】More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicate

13、d with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.CIt is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperDTry to find a ti

14、me that works for both of you and stick to itEFriends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationFIt is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaGYou may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind【解析】空前一句提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，了解你们想要相互联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据

15、空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出，本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢的交流方式”。E项中的methods与空前一句中的method为原词复现，同时E项中的communication与空前一句中的communicated相呼应。故选E。命题点02 逻辑关系题典例01【2023年1月浙江卷】With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternative

16、s, its comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. _36_ But no matter when you travel, its a good idea to make your reservations at least

17、 90 days in advance. ATrain trips arent for impatient types.BYoull have views from both sides of the train.CThe temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.DThats particularly true during busy summer months.EYou might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.FChances are the cos

18、t will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.GHe may also book you in a sleeping car thats right next to the diner.【答案】D【解析】根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you trav

19、el, its a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。设空处和前面是层递关系。典例02【2022全国乙卷节选】Dont rely on technology alone 40 ， but long-distance friendships even

20、 close ones may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.DTry to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itEFriends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicati

21、onFIt is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaGYou may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind【答案】 F【解析】本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术，空后一句表示“远距离的友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持”，再根据空后的转折连词but可知，设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系，故F项(通过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感)符合语境。典例03【2021全年国甲卷】Invite 510 people so you have a

22、 nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. 18 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home. GTell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案】G【解析】下文“They s

23、hould also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的新衣服带回家。)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，G项中的“bring”和下文中的“carry”相呼应，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的“also”也是提示词，其中“They”指代G项的“everyone”。故选G。01 线索词汇题一）高频词复现解题1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即

24、作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。2）同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。二）代词指代法解题英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的短语、分句或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空格后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。0

25、2 逻辑关系题一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。“七选五”中常见

26、的逻辑连接可以归类为六种：（1） 并列选择，指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；（2） 顺承递进，指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；（3） 转折对比，指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；（4） 因果目的，指选项与前后句构成因果关系；（5） 概括阐释，指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；（6） 例证关系，指后句是前句的具体实例。考向01-线索词汇题1.【2022全国甲卷节选】Chopstick Rules The way you ha

27、ndle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 AThe more friends you make in your lifetimeBThe more time you spend in any given countryCMexicans con

28、sider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsDDont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantEIts a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateFNever stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themGIt may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and peppe

29、r at a meal【解析】根据本段小标题Chopstick Rules可知，本段主要讲述的是筷子的使用规则。根据上文When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中F项中的them指的是上文的chopsticks。2.【2023湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测】Like

30、 it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online. They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. _1_.Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大

31、) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. _5_AIt can also lower the viewers self-control.BA popular post doesnt necessarily mean it is a quality post.CIts no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.DTheir brains respond to those likes

32、by turning on the reward center.EAnd that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.FBut those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.GMost of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.1G根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures a

33、nd create profiles on social media accounts.(他们利用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒体中所作的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的大部分工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的they指代与上文的teens一致。故选G。5E根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well

34、our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快乐得多。)”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容相对应，且其中的代词them以及us空前内容指代一致。故选E。考向02-逻辑关系题1.【2022上

35、山东聊城高三校考期中】Dont look back.Once youve taken all the necessary steps in making the right decision, dont look back. 23 For example, lets say you want to quit smoking. If you never tell yourself that you will smoke again, chances are that you wont. However, if you open the door in your mind that only on

36、e cigarette wont hurt, then chances are that you will not be able to quit. 24 Talk to people and seek advice.Its good to get help from our peers. For decision making, you can also look for help, but do not ask someone to make the decision for you. 25 Most of the time, we are afraid of the outcome be

37、cause its unknown. This is normal and we need to learn to overcome that.ABelieve its the best choice and never open the door in your mind to change it.BTrust your peers judgements and decisions every now and then.CWhen it comes to the decision making in the life, you should be determined.DUltimately

38、, youll have to make the decision yourself with the gathered information.ELook at every aspect of the problem before making the decision.FHowever, most of us are incapable of making decisions and sticking by them.GOur thoughts are not only our greatest friend but also our most powerful enemy.【答案】 23

39、A 24G 25D23上文“Once youve taken all the necessary steps in making the right decision, dont look back.(一旦你采取了所有必要的步骤来做出正确的决定，就不要回头。)”提出做好决定就不要回头，A项“Believe its the best choice and never open the door in your mind to change it.(相信这是最好的选择，永远不要想去改变它。)”承接上文，表达同样的主题，句中“never open the door in your mind to c

40、hange it”照应上文“dont look back”，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。24上文“For example, lets say you want to quit smoking. If you never tell yourself that you will smoke again, chances are that you wont. However, if you open the door in your mind that only one cigarette wont hurt, then chances are that you will not be able to

41、 quit.(例如，假设你想戒烟。如果你从不告诉自己你会再次吸烟，那么你很有可能不会再吸烟了。然而，如果你在脑海中打开一扇门，认为只抽一支烟不会有什么坏处，那么很有可能你将无法戒烟。)”以戒烟为例说明我们思想可能造成的影响，G项“Our thoughts are not only our greatest friend but also our most powerful enemy.(我们的思想不仅是我们最好的朋友，也是我们最强大的敌人。)”作出总结：思想是朋友，也是敌人。故选G项。25上文“For decision making, you can also look for help, b

42、ut do not ask someone to make the decision for you.(在做决定时，你也可以寻求帮助，但不要让别人帮你做决定。)”提出可以寻求帮助，但不能让别人帮你做决定，D项“Ultimately, youll have to make the decision yourself with the gathered information.(最终，你必须根据收集到的信息自己做出决定。)”承接上文，指出正确的方法：收集信息，自己决定，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。2.【2023上江西南昌高三校考期中】The strain has pushed record numb

43、ers of people toward the UKs legions of food banks providing free groceries as wages have failed to keep pace with inflation.The Trussell Trust, which distributes groceries to about 1,200 food banks, said last week that its network had handed out nearly 3 million emergency food parcels in the year t

44、o the end of March. 29 , and a 37% rise on the previous 12-month period.“We are experiencing an unprecedented rise in the number of people coming to the food bank. 30 .” Brian Thomas, chief executive at South Tyneside Foodbank, located in Englands northeast, said in a statement.AThats a record for a

45、 single yearBFood price rises show no signs of pulling backCInflation in the UK has rocketed over the past yearDThe increasingly higher prices are beyond peoples expectations.EFood banks have finally removed those long-accumulated products.FBut millions of people are struggling to make ends meet as

46、prices riseGThey are no longer able to balance a low income against rising living costs【答案】29A 30G29根据空前的“The Trussell Trust, which distributes groceries to about 1,200 food banks, said last week that its network had handed out nearly 3 million emergency food parcels in the year to the end of March.

47、(向大约1200家食品银行分发食品杂货的Trussell Trust上周表示，截至今年3月底，其网络点已发放了近300万份紧急食品包裹。)”可知，食品银行截止今年3月底已经发放了近300万份紧急食品包裹，结合空后的“and a 37% rise on the previous 12-month period.(比前12个月增长了37%。)”可知，食品银行发放的食品比前12个月增长了37%，由此可以推断，此空讲述的内容应与食品银行发放食品的数量或者增长情况相关，A选项“Thats a record for a single year(这是单年的记录)”中的that应指的是空前所讲述的食品银行发放

48、的食品数量，且与空后的“增长了37%”内容吻合。故选A项。30根据空前的“We are experiencing an unprecedented rise in the number of people coming to the food bank.(我们正经历着来到食品银行的人数前所未有的增长。)”可知，来到食品银行的人数前所未有的增长，G选项“They are no longer able to balance a low income against rising living costs(他们再也无法平衡低收入和不断上涨的生活成本。)”中的they指代的是空前的“people co

49、ming to the food bank”，且分析了为什么来食品银行的人数前所未有的增长，符合语境。故选G项。解释说明句易错陷阱如果设空在段中，则首先关注选项中的人称代词如，they, he, it等和空格后面的这些人称代词。同时注重瞻前顾后，看前后是否存在例证关系、因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等。如果考查段落间的过渡句，则可以结合词汇复现原则看是否对上句有补充说明同时和后句有正确的逻辑关系。此类考题考生多数只看前句，不看后句。【江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测】Work from Anywhere MovementFor a lot of us, working fro

50、m wherever we wanted was a bit of a dream. It would mean wed be able to visit family and not take holiday days. But suddenly that “dream” of not working in the office became a reality for many. Working from home over the last years has proven that it isnt always necessary for teams to physically be

51、together and there is more flexibility. There are a lot of benefits for companies and workers.An obvious benefit for many employers is reduced costs. With a widespread workforce, theres no need to have an office big enough for everyone. They also save on travel costs, as meetings that once “needed”

52、to be done face-to-face can now be done online. 37 With the work from anywhere movement, employers can hire global talents. Theyre not restricted to people living nearby. ABut its not only about money.BHowever, every coin has two sides.CIt decreases stress and other concerns.DYour time is spent on t

53、he things that matter.EThere are a lot of benefits for companies and workers.FOffering remote job positions makes a company more competitive.GOffices are increasingly where you go to put the company into company.易错分析：1.未注重段落主旨句的理解。段中句对首句进行承接。2.设空处对上句之间有转折关系。【答案】A 【解析】根据本段首句“An obvious benefit for ma

54、ny employers is reduced costs.(对许多雇主来说, 一个明显的好处是降低成本)”说明的是好处不仅仅在钱方面，对于公司招揽人才也是有利的，本段主旨是降低开销，因此A项“但这不仅仅是钱的问题。”符合语境，故选A。（2023上陕西安康高三统考期中）Back pain can make it difficult for you to function in daily life. To be exact, it can affect how you move, feel and think, leaving you no choice but to take some ki

55、nd of action. 1 Move moreRegular movement helps keep your body flexible and pain-free, especially for your back muscles. 2 , set a time r to remind you to get up and move every hour. Adding about 10 minutes of activity to your day improves your overall health and increases your length of life.Switch

56、 sidesUsing your dominant side too much can lead to muscle imbalances and more back pain and injuries. 3 , like opening doors or carrying bags, which can cause you to lean to one side. Remember to switch sides when carrying things, try using your non-dominant hand and change where you sit on the cou

57、ch to prevent this.Correct imbalances 4 , you should also be aware of and correct imbalances in movements meant to be symmetrical (对称的). These include walking, running, cycling, swimming and the like. Your body is designed to perform these activities in a balanced and alternating pattern. 5 Most men

58、tal stress is caused by focusing on the past or future, and actively being mindful of the present moment reduces stress. Stay active, and stop thinking about the past or worrying about the future. Doing mindfulness practices and having breathing breaks into your routine can be effective in reducing

59、back pain.ALive for todayBRemember the pastCIf you sit for a long timeDThink about your everyday activitiesEJust as you switch sides to balance your bodyFBecause it is time to let such imbalances continueGRead on for the following everyday fixes to relieve the pain【答案】1G 2C 3D 4E 5A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍缓解

60、背部疼痛的一些方法。1上文“To be exact, it can affect how you move, feel and think, leaving you no choice but to take some kind of action. (确切地说，它会影响你的行动、感觉和思考方式，让你别无选择，只能采取某种行动)”介绍背疼对人的影响。结合选项，G项“Read on for the following everyday fixes to relieve the pain (继续阅读下面的日常修复方法来缓解疼痛)”承接上文，给出缓解疼痛的方法。故选G。2小标题“Move more

61、(多动)”为中心句，建议多动。下文“set a time r to remind you to get up and move every hour. (设定一个时间，提醒你每小时起身活动一下)”给出具体的建议。结合选项，C项“If you sit for a long time (如果你长时间坐着)”与下文之间为主从句，表示每小时活动一下的前提条件。故选C。3下文“like opening doors or carrying bags, which can cause you to lean to one side. (比如开门或提包，这些都会让你身体偏向一侧。)”介绍开门或提包等这些日常活

62、动都会让你身体偏向一侧。结合选项，D项“Think about your everyday activities (想想你的日常活动)”与下文之间语意一致，开门或提包就是对日常活动的列举。故选D。4下文“you should also be aware of and correct imbalances in movements meant to be symmetrical (对称的). (你还应该意识到并纠正对称运动中的不平衡)”提醒人们意识到并纠正本应对称的动作中的不平衡。结合选项，E项“Just as you switch sides to balance your body (就像你

63、转换身体的一侧来平衡身体一样)”与下文逻辑一致，都是为了平衡身体。故选E。5设空处为小标题。下文“Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future, and actively being mindful of the present moment reduces stress. (大多数精神压力都是由关注过去或未来引起的，积极关注当下可以减少压力)”建议关注当下，而不是过去或将来。结合选项，A项“Live for today (活在当下)”照应下文，语意一致。故选A。（2023上福建泉州高三校考期中）Kindness

64、May Keep You HealthyIf you are driving in the United States, you may see a common bumper (汽车保险杠) sticker on passing vehicles that reads: 11 The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead. 12 In one experiment, Brian

65、 are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week. These acts could be small, like opening a door for someone. The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment

66、, satisfaction and happiness.However, being kind is not just emotionally beneficial. Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化). 13 Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other stu

67、dies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people 14 In one study, researchers gave people a list of values such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. When asked to pick the most

68、important, kindness won.“The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals. Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger, grief or desire.” 15 APerform random acts of kindnessBActs of k

69、indness are very powerfulCIn other words, we are designed to be kind.DShe found that they felt better physically when helping others.EResearch shows that doing kind things can make us feel betterFHe found that being kind makes people feel better emotionally,GOther research has shown that many people

70、 prize kindness above other values【答案】11A 12E 13D 14G 15C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了善良和友好对健康的益处。研究表明，对他人的关心和善意可以带来情感上的满足和幸福感，同时也可以减少身体炎症和增强免疫系统。此外，善良是人类社会性本能的表现之一。文章呼吁人们在生活中多表现出善良和友好。11根据后文“The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or pl

71、anning ahead.(这句话的意思是敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。)”可知，此处解释了汽车保险杠上贴纸的内容：敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。A选项“Perform random acts of kindness(随意做一些善意的事情)”概括后文的内容，指出要以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人，与下文形成呼应。故选A。12根据后文“These acts could be small, like opening a door for someone. The people who were caring, gent

72、le and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness.(这些行为可能很小，比如为别人开门。那些对别人关心、温柔、友好的人报告说他们感到满足、满意和幸福。)”可知，此处强调的是做一些善良的事情会让人感觉到满足、满意和幸福。E选项“Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better (研究表明，做好事可以让我们感觉更好)”引起下文，指出做好事会让我们感觉更好，符合语境。故选E。13根据后文“Her

73、 research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. (她的研究还指出，对他人友善的人体内的炎症更少。)”可知，此处以炎症为例，解释对他人友善会对身体有好处。D选项“She found that they felt better physically when helping others.(她发现当他们帮助别人时，他们的身体感觉更好。)”引起下文，指出对别人善良，会让身体感觉更好，后文具体例子进行说明，符合语境。故选D。14根据

74、后文“In one study, researchers gave people a list of values such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. When asked to pick the most important, kindness won.(在一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，比如善良、创造力、雄心、传统、安全感、追求社会正义和追求权力。当被要求选出最重要的东西时，善良胜出。)”可知，此处介绍的是

75、一项研究成果即善良高于创造力、雄心以及传统等价值观。G选项“Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values(其他研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观)”概括后文的内容，形成呼应。故选G。15根据前文“The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we ar

76、e social animals. Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger, grief or desire.”(非营利组织kind -lab的研究主任Oliver Curry解释说：“人们善良的基本原因是，我们是社会性动物。”善良是我们的一部分，就像我们的愤怒、悲伤或欲望一样。”)”可知，Oliver Curry认为人们善良的原因在于善良是我们人本身的一部分，即人生来就是善良的。C选项“In other words, we are designed to be kind.(换句话说，我们生来就是善良的。)”承接前文，指出人生来就是善良的，与

77、前文形成呼应。故选C。（2023上重庆高三重庆巴蜀中学校考期中）Time is one of the most valuable commodities we have. It is a non-renewable resource that,once lost, cannot be regained. 16 But how we choose to spend it can make or break our lives.We frequently run out of time in todays fast-paced world. We have deadlines, appointme

78、nts and responsibilities to meet within a certain time. 17 We may believe that we have all the time in the world, but before we know it, the day is over, the week is over and another year has passed.The proverb “time and tide wait for none” reminds us that time is a limited resource that we must mak

79、e the most of. 18 We should prioritize our tasks, set goals and work towards achieving them. We should avoid procrastination (拖延) and make every moment count. 19 We live in a world where social media, emails and notifications take most of our attention. It is so easy to get sucked into endlessly wat

80、ching videos or looking at posts. However,if we allow these distractions to take over, we risk wasting valuable time that could be spent on more productive activities.“Time and tide wait for none” also reminds us that time is valuable and should not be squandered (挥霍). We should treasure every momen

81、t and make the most of it. We should spend time with our loved ones, pursue our passions and do things that make us happy. 20 The proverb serves as a powerful reminder of the value of time management. Time is a finite resource that must be used wisely. So, let us all strive to maximise our time and

82、live our lives to the fullest.AWe all have the same amount of time in a day.BLife is too short to waste time on things that dont matter.CDistractions are one of the most difficult challenges we face.DIt encourages us to be mindful of our time and to use it wisely.EIts all too easy to let time slip a

83、way while browsing our news feeds.FIt illustrates the idea that time is fleeting and it doesnt wait for anyone.GWith so much to do, its easy to lose track of time and allow it to pass by you.【答案】16A 17G 18D 19C 20B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了时间的重要性以及建议好好利用时间。16根据上文“Time is one of the most valuable commoditie

84、s we have. It is a non-renewable resource that, once lost, cannot be regained.(时间是我们所拥有的最有价值的商品之一。它是一种不可再生的资源，一旦失去就无法重新获得)”以及后文“But how we choose to spend it can make or break our lives.(但是我们选择如何度过它可以成就我们的生活，也可以毁掉我们的生活)”可知，上文提到了时间的重要性，后文提到了如何度过时间，可知本句主要与所拥有的时间数量有关。故A选项“我们每天的时间都是一样的”符合语境，故选A。17根据上文“W

85、e frequently run out of time in todays fast-paced world. We have deadlines, appointments and responsibilities to meet within a certain time.(在当今快节奏的世界里，我们经常没有时间。我们有截止日期、约会和责任要在一定时间内完成)”提到了在当今快节奏的世界里，我们经常没有时间。我们有各种任务要完成；再根据空后句“We may believe that we have all the time in the world, but before we know

86、it, the day is over, the week is over and another year has passed.(我们可能相信我们拥有世界上所有的时间，但在我们意识到之前，一天已经过去了，一周已经过去了，又一年已经过去了)”可知，所以有太多事情要做，一天时间很快就过去了。故G选项“有这么多的事情要做，很容易忘记时间，让时间从你身边溜走”符合语境，故选G。18根据上文“The proverb “time and tide wait for none” reminds us that time is a limited resource that we must make th

87、e most of.(“时不我待”这句谚语提醒我们，时间是有限的资源，我们必须充分利用)”可知，前句谚语“时不我待”提醒我们时间重要。它鼓励我们注意自己的时间，并好好利用它。故D选项“它鼓励我们注意我们的时间，并明智地利用它”符合语境，故选D。19根据后文“We live in a world where social media, emails and notifications take most of our attention. It is so easy to get sucked into endlessly watching videos or looking at posts.

88、 However,if we allow these distractions to take over, we risk wasting valuable time that could be spent on more productive activities.(我们生活在一个社交媒体、电子邮件和通知占据了我们大部分注意力的世界。人们很容易沉迷于无休止地看视频或看帖子。然而，如果我们让这些干扰占据了主导，我们就有可能浪费宝贵的时间，而这些时间本可以花在更有成效的活动上)”可知，空后意为我们生活在一个社交媒体、电子邮件和通知占据我们大部分注意力的世界。人们很容易被无休止地看视频或看帖子所吸

89、引，即容易分心。故C选项“分心是我们面临的最困难的挑战之一”符合语境，故选C。20根据上文“Time and tide wait for none” also reminds us that time is valuable and should not be squandered (挥霍). We should treasure every moment and make the most of it. We should spend time with our loved ones, pursue our passions and do things that make us happy.

90、( “时不我待”也提醒我们，时间是宝贵的，不应该浪费。我们应该珍惜每一刻，充分利用它。我们应该花时间和我们爱的人在一起，追求我们的激情，做让我们快乐的事情)”提到我们应该花时间与我们所爱的人在一起，追求我们的激情，做让我们快乐的事情，说明要努力最大限度地利用我们的时间，把我们的生活过得最充实。故B选项“人生苦短，不要把时间浪费在无关紧要的事情上”符合语境，故选B。（2023上湖北襄阳高三校联考期中）Have you ever wondered about the significance of emotions in our life? Emotions play a critical par

91、t in our lives. 21 Let me give you an example here: When you are with your loved ones, your mood changes instantly right? If they feel happy then you feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then so do you. Starting to get what I was talking about in the beginning? Should you be feeling like that? In

92、certain situations, yes, but every time, no!You may find it very hard to believe but it is not our responsibility to bear other peoples feelings, this is something that they have to do themselves. 22 Apart from this, we must never be controlled by our own feelings. Let me give you an example here. I

93、n the middle of a fight between your spouse or partner, they will say, “You really hurt my feelings”. Sometimes, you might even say: “You are making me angry”. What does this imply? 23 Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are feeling. This is kno

94、wn as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. 24 What should be your course of action here? It might seem rude when I say this but you really need to hear it. You are not responsible for how others feel! 25 Al l in all, we must learn to be emotionally accountable and mature, doing so w

95、ill result in a better and happier life.ATherefore embrace your emotions as a part of yourself.BThey are infectious unless you know how to control them.CSo, its a must for us to learn to control our feelings.DYou have conveyed your feelings in a very understandable manner.EThis goes sideways, others

96、 are also not accountable for how you feel.FIt means that you have allowed the other person to emotionally control you.GOtherwise, it will create co-dependency in relationships which is very harmful.【答案】21B 22C 23F 24G 25E【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情绪在我们的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰当的方法控制情绪。21根据上文“Have you ever wondered a

97、bout the significance of emotions in our life? Emotions play a critical part in our lives. (你有没有想过情感在我们生活中的重要性？情绪在我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。)”以及后文“Let me give you an example here: When you are with your loved ones, your mood changes instantly right? If they feel happy then you feel happy, and if they feel ang

98、ry/sad then so do you. (让我给你举个例子：当你和你爱的人在一起时，你的情绪会瞬间改变，对吧？如果他们感到快乐，那么你也会感到快乐，如果他们感到愤怒或悲伤，那么你也会感到愤怒或悲伤。)”可知，上文提到了情绪的重要性，后文的例子表明情绪具有传染性，故B选项“除非你知道如何控制它们，否则它们是有传染性的。”符合语境，故选B。22根据上文“You may find it very hard to believe but it is not our responsibility to bear other peoples feelings, this is something t

99、hat they have to do themselves. (你可能会觉得很难相信，但我们没有责任去承受别人的感受，这是他们必须自己做的事情。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出要学会控制情感。故C选项“所以，我们必须学会控制自己的感情。”符合语境，故选C。23根据上文“In the middle of a fight between your spouse or partner, they will say, “You really hurt my feelings”. Sometimes, you might even say: “You are making me angry”.

100、What does this imply? (当你的配偶或伴侣吵架时，他们会说：“你真的伤害了我的感情。”有时，你甚至可以说：“你让我生气了”。这意味着什么？)”以及后文“Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are feeling. This is known as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. (每当这种情况发生时，你就会开始责怪自己，尤其是别人的情绪。这就是所谓的情绪反

101、射。你必须学会控制它。)”可知，后文提到别人的话会导致你开始自责。说明对方在情感上控制了你。故F选项“这意味着你允许对方在情感上控制你。”符合语境，故选F。24根据上文“Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are feeling. This is known as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. (每当这种情况发生时，你就会开始责怪自己，尤其是别人的情绪。这就是所谓的情绪反射

102、。你必须学会控制它。)”可知，上文提到了要学会控制自己的情绪反射，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明不这么做的坏处。故G选项“否则，它会在关系中产生相互依赖，这是非常有害的。”符合语境，故选G。25根据上文“What should be your course of action here? It might seem rude when I say this but you really need to hear it. You are not responsible for how others feel! (你应该怎么做呢？我这么说可能看起来很粗鲁，但你真的需要听听。你不用为别人的感受负

103、责！)”可知，上文提到了不必为别人的感受负责，故本句是在说明别人是否需要对你的感受负责的问题。故E选项“这是互相的，别人也不必为你的感受负责。”符合语境，故选E。（2023上河北高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）For most, the first thing that likely comes to mind when thinking about vitamin C is either an image of orange fruits or its ability to keep your immune system healthy. 26 . Here are the primary b

104、enefits of vitamin C when applied topically to the skin.It protects skin cells from environmental damage. Vitamin Cs main function in skin is that of a powerful antioxidant, protecting us from cell damage caused by free radicals (自由基). “ 27 ,” Dr. Mack explains, and they are highly reactive. Vitamin

105、 C destroys these free radicals by donating electrons, preventing them from damaging skin. 28 . Vitamin C is also one of the gold standards for evening skin tone and boosting radiance. “Vitamin C is a well-known skin brightener, preventing melanin production and eventually fading dark spots, resulti

106、ng in a better skin tone,” Dr. Mack explains.It firms skin and promotes collagen (胶原蛋白) production. Our skin is made of collagen and elastin, which are proteins that give it structure and flexibility. 29 . “Daily application of vitamin C helps to maintain the completeness of the collagen that we hav

107、e, prevents rapid breakdown with age and promotes collagen production,” Dr. Mack says.It works with other antioxidants for enhancing UV (紫外线) protection. 30 . A study in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology showed that the combination of vitamin C and E not only offered improved stability of vit

108、amins C and E, but also improved skins UV protection.AIt brightens skinBIt helps lower the risk of heart disease and depressionCVitamin C works cooperatively with vitamin E to reduce UV damage in skinDFree radicals are produced by the body when exposed to radiation in sunlightEBut this popular vitam

109、in has several benefits for skin when applied topically, tooFFree radicals are believed to be related to heart disease, cancer and the ageing processGAs we age, the production of these proteins decreases and our skin looks and feels less firm【答案】26E 27D 28A 29G 30C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维生素C对皮肤的种种好处。26上文

110、“For most, the first thing that likely comes to mind when thinking about vitamin C is either an image of orange fruits or its ability to keep your immune system healthy. (对于大多数人来说，当想到维生素C时，首先想到的可能是橙色水果的图像或它保持免疫系统健康的能力)”提到了维生素C在维持身体免疫系统方面的作用。下文“Here are the primary benefits of vitamin C when applied

111、topically to the skin. (以下是皮肤使用维生素C的主要好处)”介绍了维生素C 对皮肤的好处。结合选项，E项“But this popular vitamin has several benefits for skin when applied topically, too (但是这种受欢迎的维生素在局部使用时对皮肤也有一些好处)”承上启下，引出文章的主题。故选E。27下文“Vitamin C destroys these free radicals by donating electrons, preventing them from damaging skin. (维生

112、素C通过提供电子来破坏这些自由基，防止它们损害皮肤)”介绍了维生素C是通过提供电子破坏自由基来保护皮肤的。结合选项，D项“Free radicals are produced by the body when exposed to radiation in sunlight (当人体暴露在阳光辐射下时，会产生自由基)”说明了自由基对皮肤的害处。“free radicals”为同词复现。故选D。28设空处为中心句。下文“Vitamin C is a well-known skin brightener, preventing melanin production and eventually f

113、ading dark spots, resulting in a better skin tone,” Dr. Mack explains. (麦克博士解释说：“维生素C是一种众所周知的皮肤增亮剂，可以防止黑色素的产生，最终消除黑斑，从而改善肤色。”)”主要说维生素C可提亮肤色，减少色素沉着。结合选项，A项“It brightens skin (它能提亮皮肤)”符合语境。故选A。29上文“It firms skin and promotes collagen (胶原蛋白) production. (它紧致皮肤，促进胶原蛋白的生成)”为本段中心句，介绍维生素C紧致皮肤，促进胶原蛋白的生成。结合选

114、项，G项“As we age, the production of these proteins decreases and our skin looks and feels less firm (随着年龄的增长，这些蛋白质的产生减少，我们的皮肤看起来和摸起来都不那么紧致)”照应中心句，说明年龄的增长会使蛋白质减少，影响皮肤。符合语境。故选G。30上文“It works with other antioxidants for enhancing UV (紫外线) protection. (它与其他抗氧化剂一起增强紫外线保护)”为本段中心句。结合选项，C项“Vitamin C works coo

115、peratively with vitamin E to reduce UV damage in skin (维生素C与维生素E协同作用，减少紫外线对皮肤的伤害)”照应中心句，说明维生素C与其它维生素协同的作用。符合语境。故选C。（2023上江苏高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）We are masters of distraction especially when we feel an uncomfortable emotion surfacing. And our society makes it easier than ever. 31 . Those range from videos

116、 on TikTok to online shopping.But does distraction really help deal with emotions? Or does it merely worsen the problem? 32 . In some ways it can help, and oftentimes distraction avoids the root of the problem.In the loud world in which we live nowadays, avoiding an emotion is easier than processing

117、 it. During the sequencing of an emotion, distraction occurs when we first notice it. The emotion in question causes physiological changes and often causes action. 33 . It isnt always a bad thing. Theres pretty good evidence that distraction can help down regulate the anxiety around a negative emoti

118、on. 34 . There are longer mood states that last days or months, although most emotions only last a few minutes before they pass. Thats why, if youre seeking long-term solutions, learning to process emotions is the only way. When you slow down and make space for your emotions, you can start to proces

119、s them.Jacobs Hendel, a psychotherapist, uses a process, which involves connecting your feet to the floor, deep belly breathing, slowing down and then identifying where different emotions are felt in the body. 35 once anxiety goes down, you can identify the other emotions that are coming up in your

120、body. If the same emotions keep coming up and causing you stress, learning to sit with them and work through them. Facing your emotions may help you see that they arent as scary as you thought.AGrabbing your phone isnt necessarily badBAccording to experts, the answer is a mixed bagCAnd feeling them

121、in the body is a good place to startDWe feel like emotions are going to get bigger when we focus on themEFor example, if youre sad, you draw back; if youre angry, you approachFOnce a negative emotion arises, we may reach for various digital distractionsGHowever, distraction isnt a true fix either, b

122、ecause it only works in the short term【答案】31F 32B 33E 34G 35C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们通过分散注意力来缓解消极情绪以及真正缓解消极情绪的方法。31上文“We are masters of distraction especially when we feel an uncomfortable emotion surfacing. And our society makes it easier than ever. (我们是分散注意力的大师，尤其是当我们感到不舒服的情绪浮现的时候。我们的社会让这一切变得比以往更容易。)”说

123、明，选项F“一旦消极情绪出现，我们可能会使用各种数码产品来分散注意力”承接上文，说明我们会使用数码产品来缓解消极情绪，下文“Those range from videos on TikTok to online shopping. (它们包括 TikTok 上的视频到网上购物。)”和选项中digital语义一致。故选F项。32上文“But does distraction really help deal with emotions? Or does it merely worsen the problem? (但是分心真的有助于处理情绪吗？还是仅仅使问题恶化？)”提出两个问题，对分散注意力的

124、优点和缺点提出疑问，选项B“根据专家的说法，答案是复杂混合的”回答了上文问题。故选B项。33上文“The emotion in question causes physiological changes and often causes action. (有问题的情绪会引起生理上的变化，而且经常会引起行动。)”说明情绪会引起相应的行动，选项E“例如，如果你很伤心，你就退缩；如果你很生气，你就靠近”承接上文，举例说明了情绪引起的行动反应。故选E项。34下文“There are longer mood states that last days or months, although most e

125、motions only last a few minutes before they pass. Thats why, if youre seeking long-term solutions, learning to process emotions is the only way. (虽然大多数情绪只能持续几分钟，但也有持续几天或几个月的较长情绪状态。这就是为什么，如果你正在寻找长期的解决方案，学会处理情绪是唯一的方法。)”说明靠分散注意力来缓解消极情绪并不是真正有效的办法，选项G“然而，分散注意力也不是一个真正的解决办法，因为它只在短期内起作用”引领下文，说明分散注意力只在短期内起作用

126、。选项中in the short term和下文中long-term相对应，故选G项。35上文“Jacobs Hendel, a psychotherapist, uses a process, which involves connecting your feet to the floor, deep belly breathing, slowing down and then identifying where different emotions are felt in the body. (心理治疗师Jacobs Hendel使用了一种方法，包括将你的脚与地板连接起来，深呼吸，放慢速度

127、，然后识别身体中感受到的不同情绪。)”建议在身体上感受情绪，选项C“在身体上感受它们是一个很好的开端”承接上文，说明在身体上感受情绪是很好的开端。选项中them指上文中different emotions，语义一致，故选C项。（2023上江苏南通高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）Growing up in a Southern family, big meals were the norm. Every meal for my nuclear family of four provided enough food for eight. Each Sunday, when we drove to m

128、y grandmothers home for lunch, there was more than enough food. 36 Having more than enough was a generous and affectionate act; having too little conveyed almost a moral failing. 37 When having only another couple over for dinner, Id make more food than the four of us could finish. My wife always as

129、ked me to make less both to save money and because our tiny fridge could hold only so many leftovers. 38 When I lost my job, though, my handling of extra food suddenly hit a barrier. 39 However, I then quickly went back to my former state of needing to cook much when I landed another job. But instea

130、d of cooking a lot and then simply eating the leftovers, I had a new solution that worked well with my belief in showing love through food: 40 Several of my friends lived alone, didnt like cooking or had lost jobs too, so bringing them food helped not only me but also them in a practical way. Such a

131、 small act can bring large amounts of joy to anyone in these hard times. And in unfavorable situations, its an act that allows us to develop friendship and show love while we must, still, remain apart.AContinue cooking for my family.BBringing the extras as meals to my friends.CIt was the one part of

132、 our new world I couldnt refuse.DIn the shock of the change, I cooked less for about a year.EIn my adult life before unemployment, this tradition stayed with me.FServing extra food was the way that we showed love to one another.GBut doing so seemed contrary to the generosity I had been brought up to

133、 believe in.【答案】36F 37E 38G 39D 40B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对于食物一直觉得超过足够的食物是一种慷慨和深情的行为，后来遭遇失去工作的变故后，作者想到了一个解决方案，将多余的饭菜送给自己独居的朋友。36根据上文“Each Sunday, when we drove to my grandmothers home for lunch, there was more than enough food.(每个星期天，当我们开车去奶奶家吃午饭时，食物总是绰绰有余。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明食物总是会绰绰有余的原因。F项中的“serving extra

134、 food”和上文中的“more than enough food”对应。F项：Serving extra food was the way that we showed love to one another.(提供额外的食物是我们向彼此表示爱的方式。)符合语境。故选F。37根据上文“Having more than enough was a generous and affectionate act; having too little conveyed almost a moral failing.(超过足够是一种慷慨和深情的行为；太少几乎意味着道德沦丧。)”可知，上文提到的处事方式是作

135、者一直遵循的准则，E项中的“this tradition”与上文内容对应。E项：In my adult life before unemployment, this tradition stayed with me.(在我失业前的成年生活中，这个传统一直伴随着我。)符合语境。故选E。38根据上文“My wife always asked me to make less both to save money and because our tiny fridge could hold only so many leftovers.(我妻子总是让我少赚点，一方面是为了省钱，另一方面是因为我们的小冰

136、箱只能装下那么多剩菜。)”可知，妻子的意见与作者所遵循的传统是相违背的，空处和上文形成转折关系。G项：But doing so seemed contrary to the generosity I had been brought up to believe in.(但这样做似乎有悖于我从小到大所信仰的慷慨。)符合语境。故选G。39根据上文“When I lost my job, though, my handling of extra food suddenly hit a barrier.(然而，当我失去工作时，我对多余食物的处理突然遇到了障碍。)”可知，空处说明失去工作这种变化对作者对

137、食物的处理产生的影响。D项：In the shock of the change, I cooked less for about a year.(在这种变化的冲击下，我减少了烹饪，大约有一年的时间。)符合语境。故选D。40根据上文“But instead of cooking a lot and then simply eating the leftovers, I had a new solution that worked well with my belief in showing love through food(但是，而不是烹饪很多，然后简单地吃剩菜，我有一个新的解决方案，和我的

138、信念不谋而合，通过食物来表达爱)”和下文“Several of my friends lived alone, didnt like cooking or had lost jobs too, so bringing them food helped not only me but also them in a practical way.(我的几个朋友独自生活，不喜欢做饭或失去了工作，所以给他们带来的食物不仅帮助了我，也以实际的方式帮助了他们。)”可知，空处提出了解决方案的具体内容，就是把多余的饭菜带给自己的朋友，B项中的“my friends”和下文中的“several of my fri

139、ends”对应。B项：Bringing the extras as meals to my friends.(把多余的作为饭菜带给我的朋友。)符合语境。故选B。（2023上江苏高三马坝高中校考期中）Become a global citizen without leaving homeAs an undergraduate student, I often dream of traveling the world and experiencing various cultures; I dream of having a better perspective and contributing

140、politically, socially and economically towards the world. 41 .Here are some tips on tackling the feeling of being separated from the international community simply because you cant afford to travel.Join an international club.There are different international clubs, especially at many universities, w

141、hich allow you to make connections with people from around the world. For example, AIESEC is the worlds largest student-run organization that offers opportunities for students to go on international internships (实习). 42 being involved in helping someone elses travels permits you to be a part of thei

142、r international experience.Be engaged with world news and participate in discussions about current events.Paying attention to international news broadens your sense of current events outside your borders, which can lead to reflection about your local environment. 43 even if you cannot physically be

143、where events originate.Make an international pen pal (笔友) .Having a pen pal is all about creating relationships with others that can allow you to learn about and embrace cultural differences. Strong friendships can have lasting effects. 44 .Take an international development or language class. 45 . T

144、aking an international development course can help you gain insight into international relations and development. These courses require our brains to remember and form ideas, which allows for positive debate and understanding of the world around us. Language classes can also make you feel like you a

145、re part of another culture.AEducation is the best way to gain new perspectivesBDemonstrating your understanding of current events is a way to be involvedCIt also offers local students the chance to help facilitate these internshipsDThere are several websites that offer the service of volunteering wi

146、thout bordersEHowever, financial stress makes these plans difficult and traveling takes time I may not haveFLearning about different aspects of a country allows for a greater understanding of our global worldGIf you end up traveling in the future, theres a chance that you can meet your international

147、 friend【答案】41E 42C 43B 44G 45A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为想参与到国际社会中但负担不起旅行费用的人提供了一些有用的建议。41前文“As an undergraduate student, I often dream of traveling the world and experiencing various cultures; I dream of having a better perspective and contributing politically, socially and economically towards the world. (作为

148、一名本科生，我经常梦想着环游世界，体验不同的文化；我梦想有一个更好的视角，为世界在政治、社会和经济上做出贡献)”介绍自己环游世界、为世界做贡献的梦想，因此E项“However, financial stress makes these plans difficult and traveling takes time I may not have (然而，经济压力使这些计划变得困难，旅行需要我可能没有的时间)”符合语境，指出实现梦想面临的困难，和前文构成转折，其中的these plans指代前文提到的梦想。故选E。42前文“For example, AIESEC is the worlds la

149、rgest student-run organization that offers opportunities for students to go on international internships (实习). (例如，AIESEC是世界上最大的学生组织，为学生提供国际实习机会)”举出AIESEC的例子，说明其提供的服务，后文“being involved in helping someone elses travels permits you to be a part of their international experience (参与帮助别人的旅行可以让你成为他们国际经验的

150、一部分)”说明帮助他人旅行的意义，因此C项“It also offers local students the chance to help facilitate these internships (它还为当地学生提供了帮助促进这些实习的机会)”符合语境，进一步说明AIESEC提供的服务，承接前文，引出后文的意义，其中的It指代前文的AIESEC。故选C。43前文“Paying attention to international news broadens your sense of current events outside your borders, which can lead t

151、o reflection about your local environment. (关注国际新闻可以拓宽你对国外时事的感知，这可以让你反思当地的环境)”说明关注国际新闻的意义，后文“even if you cannot physically be where events originate (即使你无法亲临事件发生的地方)”引出退一步讲的情况，因此B项“Demonstrating your understanding of current events is a way to be involved (展示你对时事的理解是一种参与的方式)”符合语境，进一步说明关注国际新闻的意义，承接前文

152、，和后文形成让步关系，其中的current events和前文的current events是同词复现。故选B。44前文“Having a pen pal is all about creating relationships with others that can allow you to learn about and embrace cultural differences. Strong friendships can have lasting effects. (拥有一个笔友就是与他人建立关系，这可以让你了解并接受文化差异。牢固的友谊可以产生持久的影响)”说明交国际笔友的意义，因此

153、G项“If you end up traveling in the future, theres a chance that you can meet your international friend (如果你将来去旅行，你就有机会认识你的国际朋友)”符合语境，说明将来可能有机会认识这位国际笔友，承接前文，其中的friend与前文的friendships呼应。故选G。45空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。段落标题“Take an international development or language class. (参加国际发展或语言课程)”建议去学习，后文“Taking an intern

154、ational development course can help you gain insight into international relations and development. (学习国际发展课程可以让你对国际关系和国际发展有更深入的了解)”和“Language classes can also make you feel like you are part of another culture. (语言课程也可以让你感觉你是另一种文化的一部分)”展开说明学习这两类课程的意义，因此A项“Education is the best way to gain new perspe

155、ctives (教育是获得新视角的最佳途径)”符合语境，指出教育的意义，呼应标题，契合后文内容。故选A。（2023上福建厦门高三厦门双十中学校考期中）Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new technology can unnoticeably scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. 46 But they can be got by one tool and

156、analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room and what they are doing. This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a corner. 47 As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to cre

157、ate subtle and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls. 48 But these faint signals are usually drowned out by the main source of surrounding light. Sharma and other M.I.T. researchers separated that main source of surrounding light by filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging t

158、he frames over time. Then the researchers removed shadows from furniture or other still objects from the video in real time, only revealing humans moving shadows on the wall. 49 They crouched, jumped or moved around, alone or in pairs, outside the cameras view. Then the team fed the videos into a ma

159、chine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior. The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the number of people and their actions. 50 It can register only group sizes and activities for which it h

160、as been trained, and it requires a high-resolution (清晰度) camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.AThe technology is thought advanced.BThese cant be detected by the human eye.CBrightly colored clothing can even cast a dull, ref

161、lected light.DIt also can monitor someone who avoids a cameras line of sight.ENext, researchers recorded blank walls with people in various scenarios.FThe system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.GAlthough this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in

162、 dim lighting.【答案】46B 47D 48C 49E 50G【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及人们的活动等。46上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reections.(但是一项新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射)”提到了一项可以扫描阴影和反射的新技术，下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine det

163、ails including how many people are in the room and what they are doing.(但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他们正在做什么在内的细节)”说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由But可知，空处与下文是转折关系，B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，且句中these指代上文“shadows and reections”，与下文是转折关系。故选B。47上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It ca

164、n spy on activity from around a corner.(这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动)”阐述了这个工具的功能，可以在角落里监视，收集信息，D项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断D项“它还可以监控那些避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选D。48上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate and indistinct “so

165、ft shadows” on walls.(当人们在房间里走动时，他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁上创造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”)”讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，C项“cast a dull, reected glow”话题一致，因此推断C项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，故选C。49下文“They crouched, jumped or moved around, alone or in pairs, outside the cameras view.(他们蹲着，跳着或四处走动，单独或成对，在相机的视野之外)”描述了实验参与者的动作

166、，是对E项“Next, researchers recorded blank walls with people in various scenarios.(接下来，研究人员记录了人们在不同场景下的空白墙壁)”中“various scenarios”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。50下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are even worse.( 它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准的数码相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。)”说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G项“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。”符合语境，故选G。