专题13 必修三Unit1基础知识复习-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识 基本能力双清（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题13 必修三Unit1基础知识复习-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）必修三Unit1基础知识复习：1. 单词词组搭配2. 短语3. 写作和范文欣赏-投诉信4. 练习单词变形词组搭配harm n. 伤害，损害vt. 伤害，损害adj. harmful有伤害的 adj. harmless无害的do/cause harm to = be harmful to对作出伤害ecosystem n. 生态系统n. ecology 生态；生态学 adj. eco-前缀 生态的；环境的 adj. eco-friendly 生态友好的maintain the balance

2、维持平衡region n. 地区，区域；行政区adj. regional 地区的；区域的；一个海外区域 one overseas region length n. 长，长度 longlengthlengthen 终于，最后；详细地，充分地 at length=in detaildiversify v.使多样化 adj. diverse多种多样的n. diversity多样化；差异性biodiversity n. 生物多样性 variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性vary 改变，变化adj. various各种各样的在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B 各种各样的 vario

3、us = a variety of = varieties ofmass n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj. 大批的，广泛的 大量的 a mass of /masses of+可数/不可数 大多数 the mass of=the majority of 大众传播媒介 mass media towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 tower n.塔楼 vi. 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过tower over 高于；超过survive vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难n. survival 幸存n. survivor 幸存者靠.生存 survive on sth在地震/灾难中

4、幸免遇难 survive the earthquake/disasterin turn 相应地，转而 ；依次；轮流轮流take turns to do sth = do sth in turnbreak down 分解; （机器）出故障; （谈判、计划等）失败break into强行闯入，撬开 break out 爆发 break through突破；突围break up 分手；（关系）破裂breathe life into 给带来起色， 注入活力 thus adv. 因此，从而；这样同义词：therefore due to 由于，因为同义短语：because of = as a result

5、 of = on account of = owing to = because ofbe due to do sth 预计要做某事 be due to sb 应给予某人（钱或功劳）impactn. 影响，作用vi. & vt. 有影响对.（没）有影响 have/make an /no impact onextinction n. 灭绝，绝种adj. extinct不再存在的，已灭绝的danger of extinction消亡危险damage vt. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏n. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏damage 指部分性“破坏”“损坏”，可修复destroy 指彻底、不能或很难修复的“

6、破坏”“损坏”ruin 指严重的“毁坏”，侧重破坏事物的内在价值对.造成损害 do/cause damage to损害某人的健康名誉 damage ones health/reputationbuild up 逐渐增加，扩大增强对.的信心 build up ones confidence in sthglobal adj. 全球的；全面的 adv. globally 全球的；全局地；世界上n. globe 地球；地球仪；球体n. globalization 全球化全球变暖 global warmingcall for （公开）要求；需要call on sb 拜访某人calls for our

7、special concern需要我们的特别关注application n. 应用，运用；申请apply vt. 应用 vi. 申请 n. applicant申请人，应聘人be applied to应用于.apply for 申请.absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其adj. absolute 绝对的，至高无上的无上权力；绝对权威 absolute power/authoritytrack vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪n. 足迹，踪迹；轨道； 跑道铁路轨道 railway tracks entirely adv. 完全地，全部地， 完整地adj. entire 全部的，整个的

8、；全体的entirely agree with you完全同意你entirely happy十分开心get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉rid oneself of sth 去除某人某物protest vi. 反对，抗议n. 抗议，反对protest against the decision抗议这项决定profit n. 利润，收益；好处vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处adj. profitable 有利可图的；赚钱的；有益的adj. profitless 无益的make profits 赚取利润defence n. 辩护； 防御，保护；国防；防守 v. defend 保卫；防守 adj.

9、 defensive 自卫的；防御用的in defence of our country保卫祖国process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理processed adj.被处理过的in the process of在.过程中economic adj. 经济的，经济上的n. economy 经济；节约；理财 n. economics 经济学 n. economist 经济学者；节俭的人economic growth/development/reform经济增长发展改革policy n. 政策，方针；原则 strategy n. 策略，行动计划adj. strategic 战略上

10、的，战略的 n. strategist 战略家；军事家military strategy军事战略 economic strategy经济策略recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用 adj. recyclable 可回收利用的；可再循环的 n. recycling （资源、垃圾的）回收利用former adj. 前任的；以前的the latter后者 the former 前者official n. 官员，要员adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的官方公告决定 an official announcement/decisionpoverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏live in poverty生活于

11、贫困之中poisonvt. 污染；毒死n. 毒物，毒药adj. poisonous 有毒的；讨厌的 n. poisoner 投毒者；毒害者致命毒药 deadly poisonconsequence n. 结果，后果； 重要性 adj. consequent 随之发生的；作为结果的因此，结果as a consequence 因此 as a consequence ofgive rise to 导致 rise-rose-risen vi. “上升，起来” arise-arose-arisen vi. “起因于，发生” raise-raised-raised vt. “养育，提出” arouse-a

12、roused-aroused vt. “唤起，激起”短语：on account of由于 因为Dont flatter ourselves on account of the victory over nature.take revenge on报复；复仇Nature takes its revenge on human.play a role in 在。起作用It plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of ecosystem.feed on 以。为食They feed on at least 87 species, incl

13、uding frogs.in turn 反过来 These frogs, in turn, feed on insects.break down分解A tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.breathe life into 带来活力;注入活力The forest breathes life into the planets by fixing carbon.due to 由于 因为17% of the forest has disappeared

14、due to human activities.afford to 能承担 付得起Can we afford to damage the lungs of the planet?have an impact on对。有影响The rainy season have an impact on the soil.poor 缺乏Why is the soil so poor in nutrients.take away带走When water goes away, it takes away the nutrients in the soil.build up 积累 加强Due to the hot

15、 climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients. take in 吸收The nutrients are soon taken in by the roots of the plants deep beneath.lock up 锁住Most nutrients are locked up in the plant e up with想出They come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.call for 呼吁 要求Some cal

16、l for the application of modern technology.spring to跃入（脑海）When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lines may spring to mind.for instance例如take the example of any more 不再I dont enjoy the outdoor activities any more. get rid of 摆脱Its also given me a cough that I cant get rid of. protest against反

17、对Mr smith protested against heavy industry.tend to倾向于People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke.eager to 急于Irresponsible business man eager to make huge profit.in defence of 为。辩护the factories, Id like to point out that we try to control the pollution. speak for代表。讲话I spe

18、ak for all factory managers when I say were deeply concern about the environment.be concern about关心take measures to采取措施Weve been taking various measures to reduce pollution in the production process. be home to 是。的发源地Amazon rainforest, which is home to a wide range of wildlife.close to extinction 濒临

19、灭绝Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction.food chain食物链While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forests food chainin danger of 处在危险中As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction

20、becomes longer.go extinct灭绝In the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals have gone extinctachieve a balance between A and B达到。 之间的平衡We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic developmentlift people out of poverty 使 脱贫“Saving our planet, lifting people out of pove

21、rty, advancing economic growththese are one and the same fight.”large amount of 大量的Large amounts of industrial waste poison the water after they enter water bodiesget mixed up 混乱 ; 混淆do harm to对.有害Polluted water bodies not only do harm to animals and plantsgive rise to 使.发生; 导致the poor quality of th

22、e local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.prevent from doing 阻止。做volunteer to 自愿。做we can volunteer to take part in clean-up activities.写作和范文欣赏-投诉信一、投诉信基本步骤:1. 写信投诉2. 陈述要投诉的问题(可表达不偷快的心情)3. 提出要求或补救的建议4. 收尾句二、文章开头(写信投诉)： I am writing to complain about a pair of shoes I bought /purchas

23、ed/ ordered from your website. I am writing to make a complaint about . I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about. I am writing to draw your attention to the awful fact that + 句子 I am sorry to send this letter to you to express my disappointment.三、 陈述要投诉的问题 I am totally/complet

24、ely disappointed to find hat+句子(如: you sent me a pair of shoes of wrong size.) There are some serious problems that deserve your close attention. For one thing, .; for another, . There are some problems with . that I wish to bring to your attention. First, ./In addition, ./Worse still, .四、表达心情 I can

25、 hardly put up with/bear /tolerate it any longer. I am really annoyed about it. I am really disappointed by the quality of the. I am reluctant(不情愿的) to complain, but this really bothers me. I hate to have to say this, but.五、提出要求或补救建议 I would like to get my money back. 或I have to ask for/demand claim

26、 a( full) refund.要求(全额)退款 To solve the problem , I demand/request that.(should+do) In view of the inconvenience that this has caused,I feel you should. To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measure. To remedy（补救）the matter ,I suggest making the following changes.六、

27、文章结尾 I trust you will take my complaints seriously and solve the problem as soon as possible. I request you to be kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible. I would be grateful if you could take my opinion into consideration. I would appreciate it if you are kind enough to solve the probl

28、em as soon as possible. I couldnt be more satisfied if you could. I would be highly appreciated if you could. I appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss. I hope you will give due attention to this matter. I hope you will kindly investigate this matter.【例题】假设你叫李华，最近在某英文购物网站上购买了一双鞋子，但出观了一些问

29、题，请给该网站写一封投诉信。包括以下内容：1.写信的目的2.投诉内容（见下表）3.重新邮寄或退款4.若寄回，谁承担邮寄费？ 申购情况颜色 黑色实际情况白色码数 9到货日期 4月10日 8.5 4月20日【范文】Dear Sir.Im writing to complain about a pair of sneakers.I recently purchased from your website. What I ordered was a pair of black size 9 shoes, but beyond expectations, I received a white pair

30、smaller by half size instead. Worse still, it really annoyed me that the shoes which should have arrived on April 10 didnt read until April 20. For the above reasons, I demand either a new pair of black size 9 shoes be sent to me immediately or I should be given a full refund. By the way, if I send

31、back the wrong shoes, will you company pay the postage?I would appreciate it if you are kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible. Li Hua单元练习单词适当形式填空1.Being Better means a greater chance of _(survive).2.The cause of anger are_(vary).3.This ruler is about two times the _(long)of the United

32、 States.4.The _(disappear)of dinosaurs is caused by many factors.5.He witnesses the _(extinct)of this kind of birds.6.The ending of this book is _predictable.7.If he is aware of the mushrooms is _, she would not pick it back.8.As _consequence, theses children are deserted.【答案】1.survival 2. various 3

33、. length 4. disappearance 5. extinction 6. entirely 7.poisonous 8. a单词填空1. He was told that he had a one in 500 chance ofs_(生存).2. The quality of the students work v_(变化) considerably.3.This room is twice the l_ of the kitchen.4.The plane is d_(消失) behind a cloud.5. The number of people employed in

34、_（农业） has fallen in the last decade.6.Slavery are now almost e_(灭绝的) in modern society.7. This behaviour is h_ (有害的)to your body because of it will overuse your energy.8. The traffic schedule was put off due _the bad weather. 9. I _(absolute)support your opinion.10. How can we deal with the problem_

35、(cause)by an offensive e-mail?11. He didnt make great progress in his study; on the contrary, his health was h_ because of lacking enough sleep.12. Many firms are concentrating on increasing their markets o_.13. The book obviously has a negative i_ on the readers, so dont let them read it.14. The bo

36、at sank b_ the waves last night.15. More people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great v_ of goods.16. The discovery of the new _(大陆) is usually referred to Columbus.17. This room is twice the _(长度) of the kitchen.18. The _(野生动物) at night is very dangerous, so you have to be extremely

37、careful.19. The Siberian tiger is not the only endangered _(物种)20. Nowadays, _(大批的) unemployment seems to be a fact of life in the USA.21. The stroke(中风) left his right side permanently d_.22. South China tigers are in danger of e_， so we have to protect them.23. A balanced diet provides n_ for your

38、 body.24. With the thorough development of our national economy, the problems of countryside, peasants, and a_ have become the key question in economic development of our country.25. The journalist interviewed the only passenger who s_ the air crash last night.26. He could not accustom himself to th

39、e changeable _(气候) in Britain.27. By the 1920s, wolves had practically _ (消失) from the Yellowstone area.28. China is situated in one of the most active earthquake _(区域) in the world.29. We plant trees every year so as to protect the _(土壤) on the hill.30. The girl could learn from the _(鲜活的) examples

40、 to establish a sense of security.31. We regret to inform you that your a_ has not been approved.32. The problem of g_ warming is serious. As a result, the sea levels have risen a little.33. Most vegetables we buy in winter are planted in g _ . 34. Most of the food for the homeless is provided by a

41、voluntary _ (组织)35. She remembered Lucy as beautiful, charming, and _ (完全地；极其) delightful.36. Of the two possibilities, the f_ is more likely than the latter.37. Although Tim and Mike come from e_ different backgrounds, they become close friends.38. _ (居民) are complaining now because traffic in the

42、area has increased. 39. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people have moved out of _(贫穷)40. Learning a foreign language can be a long _(过程)41. Great significance should be attached to _ (保护) natural resources.【答案】1.survival 2. varies 3. length 4. disappearing 5. agriculture 6. extinct 7. h

43、armful8. to 9. absolutely 10. caused 11. harmed 12.overseas 13. impact 14. beneath 15.variety 16. continent 17.length 18. wildlife 19. species 20.mass 21. damaged22. extinction 23. nutrients 24. agriculture 25. survived 26. climate 27.disappeared28. regions 29. soil 30. living 31. application 32. gl

44、obal 33. greenhouses 34. organization 35.absolutely 36. former 37. entirely 38.Residents 39. poverty40.process 41. protecting单句语法填空1.The question, _ which he replied, was not so difficult to understand.2. Could you give me a board measuring 2 metres _ length?3. A red light is a signal of danger, whi

45、ch is even known _ a fiveyearold child.4. What impact will this have _ food and food production in North China?5. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break _.6. The new car is too expensive for us _(afford)7. I was close to _ (kill) the other day. A car passed me at what I thought was a dang

46、erous speed.8. Corn production _ (jump) nearly 125 per cent over the past 25 years, while rice production has increased only 7 per cent.9. The crowd gathered together so tightly that we could hardly _(breath)10. _(judge) from his expression, he was satisfied with my work.【答案】1. to 2. in 3. to 4.on 5

47、. down 6.to afford 7.being killed 8.has jumped 9. breathe 10.Judging七选五The importance of self-improvement often goes unnoticed. Truth is you cant run away from yourself. The idea should be to focus on continuous self-development at every stage of life. 1. Increase self-awarenessThe first step of sel

48、f-improvement asks you to become more self-aware. Self-awareness is an ongoing journey. As life goes on, you meet with different experiences and challenges. 2. To be on the path of self-improvement, its important to never lose touch with yourself. Improve strengthsSelf-improvement lets you identify

49、your personal strengths. 3. It gives you a better understanding of what you are seeking and where you are likely to thrive (繁荣兴旺). It helps you set life goals and make them happen. Step out of the comfort zoneChoosing to work on improving yourself requires you to step out of your comfort zone. It le

50、ts you face your fears, try new things, and challenge yourself. There will be times when youll discover a new side of your personality. 4. Dont let failures get you frustrated. And never get too comfortable in familiar spaces because life begins outside your comfort zone. 5People whore invested in t

51、heir continuous self-improvement come with an extremely positive attitude towards learning. Instead of being ignorant and escaping from their problems, they make it a point to learn from their mistakes to grow and succeed. This is a wonderful quality to have as having a learning attitude is instrume

52、ntal in achieving success. A. Improve mental healthB. Develop a learning attitudeC. And knowing your strengths is importantD. However, there will also be times when youll failE. They make you more aware of your personality, thoughts and feelingsF. After all, you can only achieve what you want when y

53、ou know what you wantG. Here are some reasons why self-improvement is important regardless of your age【答案】GECDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了人们需要自我完善的几点原因。1. 选G。上文说自我完善的重要性往往被忽视。而真相是你不能逃避它。空格引出话题以下就是一些原因, 无论你的年龄大小, 自我完善都很重要。故选G。2. 选E。选项中的they指代的就是上文的different experiences and challenges。随着生活的继续, 你会遇到不同的经历和挑战。是

54、它们使你更了解你的个性、思想和感情。故选E。3. 选C。上文提到自我完善让你识别你的个人优势。由此可知, “了解你的优势很重要”切题。注意这里有同一个关键词strengths。故选C。4. 选D。这里提到: 然而, 也会有你失败的时候。下文接着解释: 不要让失败使你沮丧。上下文合乎逻辑, 都讲的是失败时要怎样。注意关键词fail和failures。故选D。5. 选B。本题要求选择段落标题。本段主要讲了那些致力于不断地自我完善的人, 对学习有着极其积极的态度。所以, “培养学习态度”是最佳选项。故选B。阅读理解Slowly but surely, were moving closer and c

55、loser to 5G world. From smart-home security to self-driving cars, all the Internet-connected devices in our life will be able to talk to each other at lightning-fast speeds with reduced delay. Objectively speaking, the fastest 4G download speeds in the US top out at an average of 19. 42Mbps. But by

56、comparison 5G promises gigabit (千兆) speeds. “5G is one of those heralds (使者), along with artificial intelligence, of this coming data age, ” said Steve Koenig, senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. “The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem of this data age, an

57、d that is to say, it is a sign of time, because with one single task, driving, you have massive amounts of coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors are collecting a lot of information to model its environments as it moves. Its pulling in date from other vehicles about road conditions

58、 down the lane. It could be weather information, and also connected infrastructure (基础设施) constructors. Theres lots of data behind that task, which is why we need the high speed. And virtual reality glasses and headsets havent yet broken the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully betting that t

59、hese devices will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to assistor even replacesmartphones. Ericsson stated at Februarys Mobile World Congress how smart glasses could become faste

60、r and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components, the glasses could rely on hardware for processing power. But dont get too excited. Theres still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including various trials to make sure the radios play nicely with hardw

61、are and infrastructure construction, so 5G isnt concentrated only in big cities. 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A right security of 5G. B. The super speed of 5G. C. A potential dream of 5G. D. The present world of 5G. 【答案】B【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中“lightning-fast speeds”和“gigabit speeds”等

62、词可推断出本段说的是5G的速度。2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “emblem” in Paragraph 2? A. exhibitionB. explanation C. sponsorD. symbol【答案】D【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据所在句的句意, 特别是下一句 that is to say, it is a sign of time 即可猜出其含义与 sign同义, 故选D。3. What do some tech companies expect of virtual reality glas

63、ses? A. They will be heavier than present ones. B. They will process power on their ownC. They will serve people instead of smartphones. D. They will bring a big fortune to teach companies. 【答案】C【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段tech companies are joyfully betting that these devices will eventually replace our smar

64、tphones. . . . smartphones. 可知有些科技公司正在进行用AR眼镜代替手机的研究。4. What will the author tell us in the next paragraph? A. How to fully expand 5G coverage. B. How to effectively reduce 5G trials. C. How to nicely operate 5G hardware. D. How to widely construct 5G big cities. 【答案】A【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句即可推断出, 他们不会只盯着大城市, 他们会进行5G的覆盖面增扩的工作, 向中小城市延伸。