专题13 重要语法汇总-2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习（牛津译林版) .docx

1、专题13 重要语法汇总词法考点：名词名词的格行为动词系动词助动词情态动词s 格 of格双重所有格普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词用以表示人、事物、时间、地点或抽象概念的名称。知识点1：名词名词在中考中的主要考查点及考查形式：名词与主谓一致： 1.如果主语名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数形式。如: Rice is mainly grown in the south of China.水稻主要种植在中国的南方。 My father has a car.我爸爸有辆车。 The weather changes quickly here.这儿的天气变化多端。 2.如果主语是可数名词的复数形式，谓语

2、动词则要用第三人称单数。如: The flowers come out when spring comes.春天来临时百花盛开。 The students are having English class now.学生们正在上英语课。 3. there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。如: There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园有两只熊猫，一只老虎。 4.如果由and连接的两个

3、做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员的胡歌好帅。 The science and technology plays an important part in China.科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。 5.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语名词之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候，谓语要用单数形式。如: Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.班里的每一个学生都很努力。 Ea

4、ch minute and second is valuable to us.对于我们来说每分每秒都很珍贵。 6.主语是单数名词，后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than, more than, like, including等的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如: Jack with his family wants to go to China.杰克和他的家人想来中国。 He, as well as you, is very honest.他和

5、你都很诚实。 7.若主语的复数名词表示的是“一段时间”，“一笔钱”，“一段距离”，“一个数量”，“一个面积”的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。如: Ten years is really a long time.十年真的是好长一段时间。 Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.十公里太长了我跑不了。 8.如果主语是“a kind of ( a series of )+名词”，谓语一般用单数形式;但是如果表示多种，则要用复数。如: This kind of men is dangerous.这种人很危险。There are many kinds of app

6、les.苹果有许多品种。例1：I go swimming every day. Wow! Thats a good _. It keeps you healthy. A. march B. task C. habit D. dream【答案】C例2：Dr. Ma has helped a lot of patients see again in the of his life. A. form B. way C. direction D. course【答案】D例3：Shall we go on Friday or Saturday？Either day is OK. It makes no

7、to me.A. choiceB. changeC. differenceD. decision【答案】C. 【中考链接】单项选择中的名词考查( )1. It depends on my decision, the mother said and looked at her two sons.A. children B. childrens C. child D. childs( )2. Mom, please give me two . I want to make vegetable salad. OK. Here you are.A. tomato B. tomatoes C. toma

8、tos D.tomatoes( )3. Could you give me a few on how to spend the coming summer holiday? OK, let me see.A. hobbies B. knowledge C. suggestions D. information( )4. bad news! We didnt win the 15th Sudirman Cup. Its a pity.A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( )5. My grandpa knows the history and medicine o

9、f many plants.A. wealth B. price C. value D. cost( )6.Do you have any for tonight yet? Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach?A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules( )7. Sam is doing some about the ancient Silk Road.A. exercise B. operations C. research D. experiments( )8. Dont stand too cl

10、ose to North Americans. You d better give them more personal .A. time B. system C. space D. pity( )9. Judy, I will have meeting in Canada next week. Well. Youd better take a with you, or you may easily get lost.A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard( )10. The New Silk Road will offer a good for one mo

11、re nations to communicate.A. chance B. habit C. question D. price【答案】1-5 BBCAC 6-10 CCCCA单词拼写中的名词考查 1. The (boy) faces were a sight, covered with dust. 2. Never give up! Pain always comes with (achieve). 3.We can see different kinds of birds on the (岛屿). 4.Where are (狮子)from? 5. You should wear smar

12、t (衣服)and behave well. 6. James looked tired, for he listened three (speech) this morning. 7. You had better go to the (医院)if you feel sick. 8. Christmas is in D , the twelfth month of a year. 9. Give me a (钢笔)，please. 10.My favorite (科目)is English.【答案】1.boys 2.achievement 3.island 4.lions 5.clothes

13、6.speeches 7.hospital 8.December 9.pen 10.subject代词人称代词：主格和宾格物主代词：形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词普通不定代词复合不定代词知识点2：代词例1：Did Alice tell you _ to get to the station?Yes, she said we would meet there at ten. A. how B. what C. when D. where【答案】C 例2：Who threw the empty bottles on the floor? I dont know.

14、Theyre not _. Ask Max, please. A. I B. me C. my D. mine【答案】D例3：Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by _ next Sunday. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves【答案】D 知识点3：冠词中考中对于冠词的基本用法考查是主要考点之一，几乎每年单项选择中都会出现冠词考题。另外要特别注意冠词的习惯搭配和活用问题。冠词定冠词the不定冠词a,an零冠词（不用冠词）与this,that,these,those同源，表示特定的人或物，用作

15、特指，意即“这个/那个/这些/那些。”用于单数名词前，与one同源，表示微弱的“一”的概念，用于泛指事物。例1：Jack is eight-year-old boy and he goes to school on foot every day. A. an；the B. a；不填 C. an；不填 D. a；the【答案】C例2：They stopped in _ beautiful place for camping, near _ farmhouse of the Smiths.A. a, a B. the, a C. a, the D. the, the 【答案】C例3：Every e

16、vening my daughter plays _ piano for an hour.A. the B. a C. / D. an【答案】A知识点4：数词在近几年的中考题中，数词基本要占到一分的分值，经常出现在单词的适当形式填空题型中。基数词数词变化规则以及各自的用法序数词例1：Mum, _ of my classmates _ glasses. -Oh, my god. You need to protect your eyes well.A. three-fourths; wears B. three-fourth; wear C. three-fourth; wears D. thr

17、ee-fourths; wear【答案】D知识点5：介词介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率很高，用法也复杂，会出现在中考各种题型中，包括单项选择，完型填空以及首字母填空、翻译题等。这几年的中考考查趋势是根据语境来辨别易混的介词用法。时间介词方位介词 介词地点介词介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配例1：Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing _ May 7, 2017. A. in B. on C. at D. by【答案】B例2：When I walked the south sid

18、e of the square，I happened to meet our English teacher. A. across B. around C. through D. along【答案】D例3：（2017苏州中考 1）Nora opened the box. To her surprise，_ was a gold watch.A. outsideB. insideC. besideD. behind【答案】B知识点6：连词 连词常用连词辨析连词分类when, whileso.that, such.that. and, orhowever, butbecause.并列连词从属连词连

19、词也属虚词，用来连接词与词、句子与句子，不能单独用。连接同一性质，有着相同语法功能的词。在句中表联合、选择、转折、因果关系。例1： Give me a chance, _ Ill prove it to you.A. and B. till C. though D. while【答案】A知识点7：形容词和副词形容词副词三级跳：原级、比较级、最高级变化规则：+er/est, +r/st, 双写+er/est, 去y加ier/iest, 前加more/the most形容词变副词的变化规则：+ly, 去y加ily, le变为ly.特殊形式：以ly结尾的形容词例1：Would you like so

20、me green tea?No, thanks. I _ drink green tea. It hurts my stomach. A. almost B. seldom C. only D. still【答案】B例2：After working hard bit by bit for a long time，Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in her seventies. A. successfully B. widely C. especially D. rapidly【答案】A例3：I failed to catch the last bus on tha

21、t cold winter night. I couldnt feel then. A. more excited B. more terrible C. the most excited D. the most terrible【答案】B知识点8：动词1、六种时态及用法2、五种基本形式3、被动语态4、主动语态和被动语态的转换5、使役动词的用法学好动词是英语学习的关键，中考中很多题型都涉及到动词的用法。掌握好动词的运用，我们就能在中考中得到较为重要的作用。近几年考动词词义辨析的题目变多，需引起注意。动词的时态和语态动词的种类 非谓语动词 动词不定式动名词 分词：现在分词和过去分词例1：The

22、experiment seems difficult. Would you mind doing it for me? Why not do it by yourself? I show you how to do it if necessary. A. can B. neednt C. must D. shouldnt【答案】A例2：Dogs_run through soccer games at the park. Its dangerous.A. should B. shouldntC. needD. neednt【答案】B 例3：Life is like riding a bicycl

23、e.To keep your balance,you keep moving .A.can B.must C.cant D.mustnt【答案】B例4： We cant enter the room. I cant find my key. Is it possible that you _ it at home?A. left B. fixed C. managed D. designed【答案】A例5：The desk is in a mess. Would you please your books? A. take up B. take away C. take on D. take

24、off【答案】B例6：Mr. Brown passed his company to his daughter and she is it at present. A. choosing B. doubting C. managing D. practicing【答案】C例7：Jack，why have you decided Chinese folk music as a course. To learn more about Chinese culture.A. takeB. takenC. takingD. to take【答案】D例8：-Why doesnt the surgeon s

25、top _ lunch? -Because he is too busy _ a dying patient in the operation room. A. to have; to saveB. having; to saveC. to have; savingD. having; saving【答案】C例9：Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time _ her words on paper.A. put B. putting C. to put D. puts【答案】C例10： When did the clas

26、sroom have a power cut?This morning, while we _ a physics lesson. A. have had B. were having C. are having D. will have【答案】B 例11： The film Dangal in our city last month and won high praise. Exactly. I have seen it twice. A. was shown B. will show C. is shown D. has shown【答案】A例12：Excuse me，what time

27、does Flight BA 2793leave？Just a minute. I_for youA. checkB. checkedC. will checkD. have checked【答案】C句法考点知识点1：简单句简单句陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句肯定句否定句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句祈使句的结构祈使句的否定改反意疑问句What引导的感叹句How引导的感叹句例1： Look! There _ a photo of our English teacher in todays newspaper! A. is B. are C. have D. has例2：Excuse me,

28、 but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?Just _ going for two more blocks and youll see it. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps例3：Sandy， for some information about the topic. Then share it with us，please. A. is searching B. searches C. search D. will search【答案】AAC知识点2：并列句并列句结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句常

29、见连词：and/but/or/so/for例1： - I dont think your uncle really likes drama series. - No, _ he still watches the programme. A. and B. so C. or D. but【答案】D知识点3：复合句近几年的中考题中出现较多的是宾语从句、状语从句考点。部分城市会考定语从句，但都是简单的关系副词和关系代词的区分。1、 主句与从句时态一致2、 语序3、 引导词4、 否定前移5、 直接引语和间接引语关系代词的用法宾语从句关系副词的用法复合句定语从句状语从句时间状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从

30、句结果状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句让步状语从句例1：It is known to all that the day becomes shorter and shorter winter comes. A. before B. when C. until D. since例2：There will be a concert this evening. But I dont know . By underground. It takes less time. A. where it will be held B. how can I go C. where will it be held D.

31、 how I can go 例3：You will never achieve success _ you devote yourself to your work.A. afterB. ifC. becauseD. unless【答案】BDD【三大从句辨析】 一、定语从句知识点1：概念请看例句：Della prefers friends who are outgoing.句中画线部分即是定语从句。【注意】在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。相关术语：先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的friends。关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代

32、词有that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有where, when等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。句子分析：I like music that / which I can dance to.先行词 关系代词定语从句: that / which I can dance to. 知识点2：关系代词的意义与功能请看例句：The number of people who lost their lives in this earthquake reached 69,107 yesterd

33、ay.（从句中作主语）Environment is the topic (which / that) they are discussing.（从句中作宾语，可省略）【注意】 如何选用关系代词呢？关系代词在定语从句中作何成分呢？关系代词 在从句中的功能 指代that 作主语或宾语 指人或物which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换）who 作主语；在口语或非正式文体中也常用作宾语，此时可省略 指人（可与that互换）whom 是who 的宾格, 作宾语，可省略指人whose 是who 的所有格, 作后面名词的定语 指人或物【例题精讲】( ) 1. He is the only stude

34、nt _ plays table tennis better than Jim.A. why B. where C. that D. which【答案】 C( ) 2. This is the dictionary _Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. that D. whom【答案】 A( ) 3. This is the question we are talking about now.A. that B. who C. where D. when【答案】 A( ) 4. Jack, there is someone in t

35、he office _would like to speak with youA. who B. which C. whom【答案】 A( ) 5. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young？A. whose B. that C. who D. which【答案】 A( ) 6. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? Yes, it has built many schools _those children can study ha

36、ppily.A. where B. when C. which【答案】 A知识点3：定语从句的做题技巧找：就是找出先行词代：把先行词代入定语从句，还原一个完整的句子（可以添加介词）替：用关系词替代先行词二、状语从句状语从句：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句(初中不做考查) 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句状语从句做题技巧：1. 确定主句从句2. 确定从句修饰主句的哪一部分3. 根据从句与主句逻辑关系确定连词注意:做状从时的时态题关键把握动作和状态发生

37、的时间 要确定该动作或状态发生的时间一般有两个线索：1.名时间（题目含有表示时间的词）2. 暗时间（题目给出的动词或者时间状语从句）【例题精讲】例1：I didnt know he came back I met him in the street. A. since B. when C. until D. after【答案】C例2：Hurry up! Or you will miss the train. (改为同义句) you hurry up, you will miss the train. 【答案】If; dont。例3：I keep an English diary it help

38、s me improve my writing skill.A. how B. when C. because D. if【答案】C例4： his leg was hurt, he walked slowly. A. Because; so B. Because; / C. Although; but D. Although; /【答案】B例5：I will never forget that terrible accident it happened so long ago. A. only if B. even though C. only when D. ever since【答案】B例

39、6： it is dark now, the workers go on working there. A. Though B. Because C. As D.Since【答案】A例7：This exercise is difficult .A. so; that few of us can do B. so; that few of us can do it C. too; for anyone of us to do D. too; for anyone of us to do it【答案】B例8：You must check your paper carefully there is

40、no mistake in it. A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. so as to【答案】A三、宾语从句知识点1：概念宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾1.We know Mr Green teaches English. (动词宾语) 2. Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)知识点2：宾语从句三要素连接词：A. that/ if/whether that引导的宾语从句：（一）省略性 1可以省略连词that引导宾语从句，只起连接主、从句的作用，它

41、本身无意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He says( that) he is a Young Pioneer.他说他是个少先队员。（二）何时使用 1主句的谓语动词是think，hear，hope，wish，remember，forget，know，say，guess等时，常接that引导的宾语从句。如：I hope( that) he will be fine soon.我希望他很快好起来。2主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy，glad，pleased，sad，sure，afraid等等。如： Im afraid

42、( that) he cant come恐怕他不能来了。 if/whether引导的宾语从句： 在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if： (1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 (2)在whether or not的固定搭配中。如： 1 want to know whether its good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 (3)在介词后，只能用whether。如： His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他

43、的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 (4)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。如：Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 (5)用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：Could you tell me if you know the answer?这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义。如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。疑问词： who/ whom/ whose/

44、 which/what/when/where/why/how.引导的宾语从句The small children dont know what is in their stockings. 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。【例题精讲】【例1】Would you like to know _they will do it or not. A. if B. that C. whether D. Why【例2】Look at the stone bridge! D

45、o you know it was built? In the 1860s. It is quite old.A. when B. how C. where D. why【例3】Are you going camping this afternoon A typhoon is coming. Im not sure the road to the mountains will be closed. A. which B. what C. whether D. why【答案】CAC知识点3：宾语从句之语序-陈述语序1.常考的例子： whats the matter?Whats wrong? Wh

46、at happened to you? Who teaches you English? 2.宾语从句的特殊语序（中考必考）主句是Do you think/believe/suppose作为插入语时，宾语从句是由特殊疑问词引导的，要用：特殊疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose+陈述语序 eg: What do you think Sally will be in 10 years?【例】1.I think (that) you will like this school soon.2. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?3.

47、She asked me if I knew whose pen it was【经典例题】1.Do you know ？We can try to produce less waste，reuse or recycle things. A. why can we live a green life B. how can we live a green life C. why we can live a green life D. how we can live a green life【答案】D2. Daniel , could you tell me ?Certainly , in Braz

48、il .A. when the 2016 Olympics will be held B. when will the 2016 Olympics be held C. where the 2016 Olympics will be held D. where will the 2016 Olympics be held【答案】C3. Excuse me，could you tell me ？In five minutes Ahow soon will the film begin Bhow soon the film will beginChow long the film has been

49、 on Dhow long has the film been on【答案】B知识点4：宾语从句之时态 1).如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。【例】1.I dont know when he will come back 2.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday 2). 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。【例】 She said that she was a student. () She s

50、aid that she would fly to Japan in a week. () She said that she had finished her homework already. ()3).如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。【例】1.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 2. He told me that Japan is an island country. 【例题精讲】【例1】The radio says it _(be)cloudy tomorrow. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)【答案】will be【例2】I didnt know whom the letter _(be)from. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)【答案】was【例3】He asked what they _(do)at eight last night. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)【答案】were doing【例4】Ling Feng told me he _(be)there several times. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)【答案】had been