专题13 阅读理解之主旨大意题解题方法-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）.docx

1、高考阅读理解专题之主旨大意题解题方法 知识导图要点精析（一）、题型概述主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章主旨大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。主旨大意题的设问特点可以大致归纳为以下：1就文章的标题提问。2就某段的中心思想或主题提问。3就全文的中心思想或主题提问。（二）、选项特点1正确选项的特点(1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝

2、对意义的词。(2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。2干扰项的特点(1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。(3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。(4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后会发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。(5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。（三）、解题过程中应该注意的问题做这类题时常用略读法。略读法是抓段落要点的捷径。找出各个段落的主题句，然后把它们联系起来就很容易概括出

3、文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达，标题要能概括文章的主题，范围既不能过大也不能太片面。此外，在选择文章标题时，还应注意语言方面的特点：精练、醒目、含义深刻等。（四）、命题方式常见的命题方式有：1What is the best title for this passage?2Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3Whats the main idea of the text?4The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that .（五）、技

4、法点拨1. 标题归纳类标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。【典例剖析】Much information can be clearly conveyed，purely through our eyes，so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement？On a bus you

5、 may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.It is the same in daily life. If you are looked at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goe

6、s wrong, you will feel angry about others stare at you that way. Eyes do speak, right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to avert his gaz

7、e, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is admiring her.However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the liste

8、ner does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to dominate you，you will feel disconcerted. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim，since he believes the false i

9、dea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.In fact，continuous eye contact is confined to lovers only，who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show affection that words cannot express.Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relations

10、hip between two people and specific situation.What may be the best title for the text?AEyes Can Speak.BEye Contact Matters.CDont Stare at Others.DUse Your Eye Contact.答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文中第一段的相关内容再结合下文对“眼睛会说话”这一观点进行举例说明可知，文章的标题就是“眼睛会说话”，故选A项。2. 文章大意类每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅

11、读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。有些文章有明确的主题句，对于这类文章，寻找主题句多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只要选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索与主题相关的信息。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。(2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。(4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主

12、题句，而后又做进一步的解释。【典例剖析】For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusi

13、cs can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apa

14、rt from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from

15、 places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusua

16、l condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesnt involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. S

17、cientists compare amusics to people who just cant see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier

18、for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, “No thanks, Im amusic,” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.” What is the passage mainly concerned with? A. Amusics strange behaviours.B. Some peoples inability to enjoy music.

19、 C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.答案B解析主旨大意。整篇文章主要讲述一些人没有欣赏音乐的能力.要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉。文章的第一段告诉读者：大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为

20、例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。因此，可以排除A项没有乐感的人奇怪行为C项音乐才能与大脑结构以及D项没乐感的人的区别与治疗，锁定答案B项。3段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。一般说来，采用归纳法写的段落主题句出现在段尾；采用演绎法写的段落主题句出现在段首；若文章按照“特殊一般特殊”的方式来写，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，文章中没有出现主题句，要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。主题句的把握：开门见山：提出主题细节论述阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述归纳要点概括主题；段中点旨：细节描述归纳主

21、题解释说明。【典例剖析】Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to

22、 explore, explain, and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的)

23、systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe world may be more clea

24、rly explained through childrens play.BStudying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.CChildren may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.DOnes drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.答案B解析段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选

25、B。课堂典例1. 标题归纳类【典例】Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave

26、 dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover le

27、ads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury

28、 their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get into other b

29、irds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are frien

30、dly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry

31、very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them, and they dont need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying You cant fool Mother Nature. But maybe you cant trust her, either. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?

32、B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie? D. How does honesty help animals survive?答案A解析 标题归纳题。本文认为说谎可以帮助动物生存，并举出几个鸟类和其它动物的欺诈行为例子来证明这个观点。 A项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。【典例】Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedontknowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmo

33、delsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people dont expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isnt working. If prop

34、erly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Say no to social media? B. New security rules in operation? C. Accept wit

35、hout reading? D. Administration matters!答案C解析 标题概括题。 现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中，我们在注册用户名或安装的时候，总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论，作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容，然后再签名。故C项“未阅读就接受？”复合文章中心思想。2. 文章大意类【典例】Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyo

36、nd the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont natu

37、rally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish

38、.Human children, on the other hand，are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.

39、He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these inst

40、incts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills

41、，at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared inten

42、tionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.The passage is mainly about .Athe helping

43、behaviors of young childrenBways to train childrens shared intentionalityCcooperation as a distinctive human natureDthe development of intelligence in children答案C解析主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类具有愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D三项都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。故C项正确。3. 段落大意类【典例】 In the film review, wha

44、t is Paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading roles. B. The writers opinion of acting.C. The writers comments on the story. D. The background information.答案D解析段落大意题。节选的文章第一段主要介绍故事片的导演、影片人物、获奖情况及它绝对是一部精彩的卡通喜剧片。由此可知本段是讲述影片的大致背景情况。【典例】Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific

45、Science Center has been inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.Its an amaz

46、ing accomplishment and one cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.Whats the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To

47、 advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Centers history.答案A解析段落大意题。根据最后一段标题Support Pacific Science Center和信息句Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选A项。实战演练Reading

48、 Comprehension(A)Dont tell anyone. We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. Were often tempted to spill the beans, even if we regret it later.According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Bayl

49、or College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well become a burden. This is because people often have an obsessive（无法摆脱的）and anxious urge to share it with someone. An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause

50、 stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people sh

51、are secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone, according to Shah.He added that tal

52、kative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesnt mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.Shah said that to judge

53、whether to tell someone a secret, youd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustnt give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someones secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their sec

54、ret isnt so secret anymore. 1.The underlined phrase spill the bean is closest in meaning to _.A. let out a secret B. tell the truthC. eat our wordsD. take gossip2.A person who is entrusted with a secret _.A. is often obsessed with a certain threat B. often would rather not have been told about itC.

55、usually has a strong desire to keep it until deathD. may suffer from physical or psychological problems3.What can we learn from the passage?A. Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves.B. Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt.C. Its better to

56、inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand.D. Putting yourself in others shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets.4.Whats the best title for the passage?A. Walls have ears.B. Still tongues make wise heads.C. A word spoken is past recalling.D. Every wall has a crack.

57、【答案】 A D D. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提到保守秘密的人会因为秘密而造成压力，从而可能会有心理和生理方面的问题。且分析了人们为何要分享秘密的原因，以及建议人们不要和他人分享秘密，和如果偶然泄露了别人的秘密，一定要及时告知受到影响的人。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Dont tell anyone, We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret.可知,“不要告诉任何人”，当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话，但是很难保守秘密，即使我们后来后

58、悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去。故推知划线短语意思为“泄露秘密”，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches.（被托付秘密的人可能会遭受抑郁、焦虑和身体疼痛。）可知，一个被赋予秘密的人可能会遭受身体或心理上的问题。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, youd better put yoursel

59、f in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustnt give the information away.（沙阿说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好设身处地地为他们着想。想想如果你被告知不能泄露信息，你会有什么感觉。）可知，设身处地地为别人着想有助于认识到保守秘密的困难。故选D。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力，同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的。A选项Wa

60、lls have ears.“隔墙有耳”；B选项Still tongues make wise heads.“智者寡言。”；C选项A word spoken is past recalling.“一言既出，驷马难追。”；D选项Every wall has a crack.“每面墙都有裂缝。”，故D选项最符合文章主旨。故选D。 (B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare yo

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68、In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage? A. Arts. B. Science-technology. C. Courses. D. Business.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases. B. Fewer cand

69、idates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills. C. The job prospect for web developers isnt promising in the long run. D. You cant start to learn the courses of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.7. What is the main purpos

70、e of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.【答

71、案】 C B C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章是有关一种课程的广告，介绍了这个课程的培养目标，职业前景以及课程内容等信息。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed.（你应该学习什么课程来为这份工作做准备?我

72、们的课程会一步一步地帮助你成为一个合格的候选人，教会你成功所需要知道的一切。）由此推知，我们最有可能在报纸的“课程”专栏找到这篇文章，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is Growing部分的Because of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for quali

73、fied candidates.可知，由于要成为一个完整的Web开发人员需要广泛的技能，也就是这个职位对技能要求很高，所以越来越少的人申请这种职位。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章标题和第一段中Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to know to succeed. Read on to discover if its the right path for you: 可知，本

74、文的目的是说服人们参加有助于成为一个合格的web开发人员的课程，故选C。 (C)Recently, a case of lifeboat ethics occurred. On Aug. 4, Graham and Sheryl Anley, while boating off the coast of South Africa, hit a rock. As the boat threatened to sink, the husband got off, but his wife was trapped in the boat. Instead of freeing his wife an

75、d getting her to shore, Graham grabbed Rosie, their pet dog. With Rosie safe and sound, Graham returned for Sheryl. All are doing fine.Its great story, but it doesnt strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be about something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the ri

76、ght circumstances, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first.We have strange relationships with our pets. We look after our pets with great love and better health care than billions of people receive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies.As an extr

77、eme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had strict laws that guaranteed the kind treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps.A recent paper by George Regents University demonstrates this human involvement with pets to an astonishing extent. Participants in the study were tol

78、d a situation in which a bus is out o control, bearing down on a dog and a human. Which do you save? With responses from more than 500 people, the answer was that it depended: What kind of human and what kind of dog?Everyone would save a brother, grandparent or close friend rather than a strange dog

79、. But when people considered their own dog VS people less connected with them - a distant cousin or a hometown stranger - votes a favor of saving the dog came rolling in. And an astonishing 40% of respondents, including 46% of women, voted to save their dog over a foreign tourist.What does a finding

80、 like this mean? First, it is that your odds arent so good if you find yourself in another country with a bus bearing down on you and a cute dog. But it also points to something deeper: our unprecedented attitude toward animals, which got its start with the birth of kind - hearted societies in the 1

81、9th century.We prison people who abuse animals, put ourselves in harms way in boats between whales an whalers and show sympathy to Bambi and his mother. We can extend sympathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But lets not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of

82、our history show, were pretty selective about how we extend our kindness to other human beings.8. Which of the following is true according to the article?A The story of the Anleys and their dog was too unique to be newsworthy.B Most people surveyed choose to save their own dog rather than a human.C.

83、 It wa in the 19th century that human beings started to love their pets.D. Human beings are more and more concerned with animals nowadays.9. What is the function of the first of paragraph?A. To create a relaxing mood for readers.B. To present the theme of this essay straightly.C. To lead in the main

84、 topic of this essay.D. To raise problems that will be solved later.10. The author mentions Nazi laws in the third paragraph _.A. to show how cruel the Nazis were to the JewsB. as an example to persuade people not to love petsC. to illustrate the strange relationship between human and petsD. as an e

85、xample to display the kindness of the Nazis11. What does the author mainly argue for?A. Pets are of great significance to us human beings.B. We should rethink about out attitude towards animals and mankind.C. It is kind of human beings to extend kindness to animals.D. We should be selective when sho

86、wing attitude toward other human beings.【答案】 D C C . B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一个道德难题，当你的宠物和一个人一起落难，你会先救哪个？研究表明不少人会倾向于前者，人类对于宠物的同情心似乎过甚，相反对于同类却往往选择性地产生同情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“We have strange relationships with our pets. We look after our pets with great love and better health care than billions of people re

87、ceive. We speak to pets with the same high-pitched voices that we use for babies.”可知，我们和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。我们用极大的爱照顾我们的宠物，而且它们比数十亿人得到的更好的医疗保健。我们用和婴儿说话一样的高音和宠物说话。即人类对宠物的态度是史无前例的，越来越关心，越来越重视。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Its great story, but it doesnt strike me as especially newsworthy. News is supposed to be abou

88、t something fairly unique, and recent research suggests that, in the right circumstances, lots of people also would have grabbed their Rosie first.”可知，在第一段讲述的故事后，作者表示这并没有新闻价值，因为这种事并不显特别，从而引出近期的一项研究，把话题转入了人类对于宠物的态度上，即引出了文章主题。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“We have strange relationships with our pets.”可知，我

89、们和我们的宠物有着奇怪的关系。再根据“As an extreme example of our feelings about pets, the Nazis had strict laws that guaranteed the kind treatment of the pets of Jews being shipped to death camps.”作为我们对宠物感情的一个极端例子，纳粹有严格的法律，保证犹太人被送往死亡集中营时，他们的宠物会受到善待。由此判断出这里列举出就连纳粹也会善待犹太人的宠物。就是在说明人类和宠物之间的奇怪关系。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中

90、“We can extend sympathy to an animal and feel its pain like no other species. But lets not be too proud of ourselves. As this study and too much of our history show, were pretty selective about how we extend our kindness to other human beings.”可知，作者指出人类对于宠物有着极强的同情心，但是在面对同类时却是有选择地作出同情，显然作者认为这是不合理的，需要

91、进行反思的。由此判断出作者的主要观点是我们应该重新思考我们对待动物和人类的态度。故选B项。 (D)As we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century, there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether its a K-12 or college classroom, its rare to find an environment that does not integrate technol

92、ogy in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery

93、 or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice.We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice from instructors. These instruments, co

94、mbined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if its instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程).Technology is rapidly changing the educationa

95、l environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could

96、 simply write the paper?”Its a reasonable question. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools

97、. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers.Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need

98、 to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology

99、 as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the cur

100、riculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.12. What is important to the learning technology?A. Instruction and revision. B. Comprehension and application.C. Guidance and arrangements. D. Diversity and flexibility.13. According to the passage, what should an educator do?A

101、. Arrange online assignment for students.B. Help students master online technology.C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace.D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool.14. Whats the authors attitude toward learning technology?A. Critical. B. Unconcerned.C. Wait-and-see. D. Approving.

102、15. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness?B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity?C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms?D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content?【答案】 C B D A【解析

103、】这是一篇议论文。文章描述了技术给教育领域带来的影响，并且提出如果二者能合理恰当地平衡、结合，就能使教育工作变得更加高效。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句和最后一句“We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided.”“While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if its instructor-l

104、ed and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程).”可知，教育技术一方面应当处于指导之下，另外也要与精心安排的课程相结合。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms

105、. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”和整篇文章可知，教会学生们线上技术不仅帮助他们学到各科内容，也能发展个人技能，还可以使得教学工作进展得更加顺畅，这正是身为从教者应当去做的事情。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。从全文最后一句“Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”可知，作者认为如果正确合理地利用教育技术，益处是非常明显的，也就是对于教育技术持赞同态度。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要阐述合理地结合教育与技术能提升教育的效率，A选项与文章最后一句贴合。故选A项。