专题16 阅读表达-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）2019-2023年高考英语阅读表达考情分析年份月份文体具 体 内 容2023年北京卷说明文习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。2022年北京卷记叙文文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。2022年天津卷3月记叙文退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。6月记叙文记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。2021年北京卷说明文最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。20

2、21年天津卷3月记叙文找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。6月记叙文讲述了退休艺术家AnnekeCamstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。2020年天津卷3月记叙文作者从内向害羞到自信的转变6月记叙文找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长2019年天津卷3月记叙文热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响6月记叙文文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助人才获得了学生们的爱。阅读表达属于主观题，是一种综合性的题型。它的作用是综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。它既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，又考查考生的英语书

3、面表达能力，考查的主要目的是理解、归纳、该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。不但选材新颖、时代性强，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，其开放性试题的设置也给予考生一个充分的发散思维的空间和表达空间。要求学生阅读一篇300词左右的短文，并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。试题以记叙文或者夹叙夹议为主，难度系数较低，适中。此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面： 1. 阅读表达题

4、则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。 2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。 3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）题型归纳题型01 细节表达题【题型诠释】题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进

5、行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, how等特殊疑问词进行提问。问题形式：Why .? 回答形式：Because句子（表示原因）; Because of 名词性短语（表示原因）; To +动词原形（表示目的）; In order to +动词原形（表示目的）。问题形式：What .? 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。问题形式：How .?（询问方式）。回答形式：By ( doing ).；完整的句子。解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中

6、定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。【典例1】(2023北京清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation th

7、at some groups seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?Researchers at Google have tackled this question. The

8、y collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best? They put forward many theories but found no p

9、atters to support them. In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of timenot at every mee

10、ting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually in

11、creased the groups productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction. One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding g

12、roup intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group p

13、erformance.40. What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence? 41. Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence? 42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, th

14、ey can help to boost the groups efficiency. 43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence?(In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. 41. Because

15、understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. 42. Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the groups efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side c

16、onversations wont distract members. 43. There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each others contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。40. 考查细节理解

17、。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.41. 考查细节理解。

18、根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. (然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding group intelligence can

19、help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the groups productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反

20、而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the groups efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations wont distract members.43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之

21、间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each others contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.题型02 主旨表达题【题型诠释】1. 题目要求：概括全文或文中某一段的大意；给文章拟一个恰当的标

22、题。2. 设问形式： Whats the main idea of the passage / Paragraph .? Whats the passage mainly about? Whats the best title for the passage?常用的回答形式有：名词短语动名词短语；名词后置定语；名词定语从句；名词同位语从句；名词性从句或“疑问词不定式”: What ./ Why . How ./ How to.?考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简

23、练。【典例2】(2023上天津高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents.If this is the case with you,

24、recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I cant wait to get back to work.” If you didnt feel such vacation blues, then imagine taking a leave of absence. You could use it to work

25、on a novel, attend classes or just sit around watching TV. At the end of three months, in all likelihood, your self-respect would be at an all-time low. While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some for

26、m of order in our lives.The second and perhaps more common reason for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once youve been at a company for five years and get married, have a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things arent turni

27、ng out as youd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest restrict of all. People hate having to do something because they have no other choice.If you find yourself hating your job, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might also take a weekly glance through the help-wanted sec

28、tion, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. Youre not giving up on your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship.At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is

29、, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their environment, but they really arent. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.56. What are people likely to do after a long vacation according to the author? (

30、No more than 10 words) 57. What can people get from work according to the second paragraph? (No more than 10 words) 58. How do you interpret the underlined word in the last paragraph? (One word) 59. What do you think is the main idea of the passage? (No more than 15 words) 60. What will you do if yo

31、u hate your job one day in the future? (No more than 20 words) 【答案】56. They are likely to go back to work. 57. People can get some form of order in their lives. 58. Undertaking. 59. Its about two reasons why people do not like work. 60. Ill actively adjust my attitude, take responsibility for my own

32、 situation and strive to get what I need from it.【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“More likely it was a week and a half of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I cant wait to get back to work.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回去

33、工作。故答案为They are likely to go back to work.57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all work and no play are not good, all play and no work are disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives.(只工作不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作

34、中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为People can get some form of order in their lives.58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is(对工作场所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“responsibility for your own situation(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词assuming与undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为Undertaking.59. 考查主旨大意

35、。根据第一段中的“Why are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two primary reasons.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。故答案为Its about two reasons why people do not like work.60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为Ill actively adjust my attitude, take responsib

36、ility for my own situation and strive to get what I need from it.题型03 推断表达题【题型诠释】1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。2. 设问形式： Whats the purpose of the text? For what purpose does the author mention . in Paragraph .? What does th

37、e author really mean by saying .? What kind of attitude does the author have towards .? What does . imply? What can we learn from the text?要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。把握句子间和

38、段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。【典例3】(2023北京人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。“I cant” might actually mean “I dont want to,” “Im afraid,” “Im confused,” or even “I dont know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my child

39、hood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasnt that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they wer

40、e a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “Im afraid.” “Ive never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “Im embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I dont want to, because.”.Academic experiences can follow the same patter

41、n. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I cant,” because sometimes its easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to c

42、ry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I cant” actually meant “Im afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “Its so embarrassing to ru

43、n and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I cant” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”But letting our

44、selves fall back on the “I cant” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just cant. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom bre

45、aks is staggering. I cant go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasnt worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I

46、 can remember that “I cant” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”40. What were people supposed to do if they said “I cant” in my childhood gymnastics? 41. What does “I

47、 cant” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that. 43. Describe one of your experiences of deali

48、ng with “I cant”. (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. 50 push-ups 41. “Im afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “Its so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me a

49、lone.” 42. There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I cant after letting ourselves fall back on the “I cant”. 43. I remember struggling with a difficult math

50、problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I cant,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道

51、如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-up

52、s。41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I cant” actually meant “Im afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “Its so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来

53、说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“Im afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “Its so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I

54、 would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I cant” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I kno

55、w there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just cant.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fac

56、t that I am not able to do that.According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I cant after letting ourselves fall back on the “I cant”.43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to

57、give up, but instead of saying “I cant,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.题型04 猜词表达题【题型诠释】1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。2.设问形式： Whats the meaning of the underlined

58、word / phrase / part in the . paragraph? What does the underlined part in the . paragraph mean?常用的回答形式有： To show / inform us that ., To give us useful tips / advice / suggestions on how to .; To encourage / persuade us to . 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确

59、定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。【典例4】(2023上天津南开高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Youve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it. Thats what T. McDowells advice to others is, and its cer

60、tainly worked for him. This high school senior is currently the owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.McDowell launched the company in 2012, which was originally called 4th Dimension Graphics. Two years later, it w

61、as recognized as Immersion Imaging. Surprisingly, he didnt begin the company with the assistance of any partner, but instead founded it on his own with the experience and contacts that he already had.“Its always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business

62、some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I dont lack any contracts right now. I like it because its flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I take a break for a while, I dont have any problems.” If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week workin

63、g, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.Part of the reason why McDowell ended up in the computer industry might be explained by the exposure he had as a child. However, he spends his free time on more than just computers. His real interest lies in aviation. With his business spirit and s

64、uccess, McDowell wont have a problem realizing his dreams of the sky one day56. What does McDowells company focus on? (No more than 10 words) 57. Why does McDowell want his company to be a one-person operation? (no more than 5 words) 58. What does the underlined phrase “scale up” probably mean? (One

65、 word) 59. How can he enjoy a steady income? (No more than 10 words) 60. How does McDowells advice inspire you? Please explain in your own words. (No more than 25 words) 【答案】56. Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases. 57. Because its flexible. 58. Expand. 59. By working 30 to 60

66、hours per week. 60. Open. We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we should stay focused and go after our dreams.【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDowell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为Immersion Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high school senior is currently the

67、owner of Immersion Imaging, a successful company specializing in Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.(这位高中毕业生目前是Immersion Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。)”可知，McDowell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet commerce solutions and online financial databases.57. 考查细节理解。

68、根据文章第三段“Its always been a one - person operation. I could easily take on partners or scale up the business some more, but I want to keep it this way for now,” McDowell said. I dont lack any contracts right now. I like it because its flexible, so that if I need more income, I can do more; and if I ta

69、ke a break for a while, I dont have any problems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDowell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可知，McDowell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because its flexible.58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I could easily take on partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙

70、伴)”，如果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDowell spends between 30 and 60 hours a week working, Immersion Imaging will offer him a steady income.(如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersion Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDowell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的收入。故答案为By working 30 to 60 hour

71、s per week.60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDowell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDowell的建议“Youve got to know your own value, know what you want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDowell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We should first find out what matters to us and discover our dreams. Then we shoul

72、d stay focused and go after our dreams.高考练场题型01 细节表达题(2021年6月天津高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Most of us associate learning with younger peoplekids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged i

73、n the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “Im retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. Ive taken so

74、many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation (动画制作) too.”She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimat

75、e and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.” “You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained.Most of Annekes students start out thinking theyre not creative and cant draw. Anneke understands h

76、ow fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.

77、She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.“Im an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others la

78、ter in their lives to catch up with her on this journey.56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words) 57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10 words) 58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more

79、than 15 words) 59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4. (1 word) 60. What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words) 题型02 主旨表达题(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother inv

80、olves a lot of walking in someone elses shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just werent made to run like his. I co

81、uld never play football or basketball well.I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to

82、 redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.I dont know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology and math, but

83、since those interests hadnt fit. Tysons definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didnt feel as though I needed to keep u

84、p with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what Im good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! Im Tysons little brother, but thats only part of my identity. Im a cool guy in my own way, too. Im relieved

85、to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)_57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)_58. According to Paragraph 3, what marke

86、d the turning point in the authors growth? (no more than 7 words)_59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)_60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)_题型03 推断表达题(2022年6月天津高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。It was a dark and stormy night. The fero

87、cious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Years Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks (火花)

88、 flying from electrical transformers (变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen

89、 people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity?The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was del

90、icious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldnt watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldnt stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and,

91、 with the help of someones watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didnt need electricity for that!Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I dont t

92、hink we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Years Eve.56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) 57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words) 58. How did the people celebrate on New Years Eve according to the passage? (n

93、o more than 10 words) 59. How does the author feel about that particular New Years Eve? (no more than 8 words) 60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please explain why. (no more than 25words) 题型04 猜词表达题(2021年3月天津高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回

94、答问题。Ive always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance company out of my busin

95、ess degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, s

96、o I took a sewing course at a community college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two ni

97、ghts a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).I knew I neede

98、d to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.The last few years have been exciting because Ive been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living a creativ

99、e life as the designer of my own fashion brand.Sometimes its hard to make a change, but Im so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.56. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)_

100、57. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)_58. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)_59. What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)_60. Do you consider the aut

101、hor as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)_名校模拟(1)（2023上天津高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）You saw the video, right? The 45-second recording of a kid dancing in the rain? There was something inspiring about it. In a moment when our social media channels have been flooded with unsettling news, he

102、re was a kid whose love for dance couldnt be stopped by the rain. Or by the concrete (混凝土) ground he was dancing on. Or the fact that he was barefoot (赤脚的).Since it was uploaded to Instagram in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu gathered thousands of views, likes, and com

103、ments. People seem to be absolutely stunned by the boys dedication (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.Madu is one of a dozen students between the ages of 5 and 12 at Leap Academy of Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owoseni, Anthonys teacher, founded this school in Lagos in 2017. Unfortunately, even after

104、 5 years, the school still doesnt have a dedicated space for its students. Because of that, most of the time, they practice in Owosenis tiny home as well as public spaces in the community.“We are trying to change the traditional thought around ballet dance. Boys can actually do ballet,” the teacher

105、told the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here to stay and it is not only supposed to be for females.”“Where I live, there are no male ballet dancers like me,” young Anthony told a BBC reporter. When he is dancing, he said, “the feeling that comes over me is as if I am dreaming.”The video eventually cau

106、ght the attention of Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic director of the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School of Dance, one of Americas most famous ballet schools. Fortunately, she succeeded in tracking Anthony down. Moreover, she had arranged for full scholarships (奖学金) so Anthony could attend th

107、e ABT virtual Young Dancer Summer Workshop, a three-week intensive program.“A child who shows this much dedication, you just have to help,” she said. “You are not only changing your world there in Africa but youre changing the hearts and minds of so many people.”1. Why did Anthonys video become so p

108、opular? (no more than 10 words) 2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 2 words) 3. Whats Paragraph 3 mainly about? (no more than 5 words) 4. What made Anthony qualify for the unusual scholarship? Give two of the facts. (no more than 10 words) 5. Do you consider Anthony a

109、s your role model? Please explain. (no more than 25 words) (2)（2023上天津高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for

110、me as a reward!Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the

111、garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a

112、 thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when

113、 Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren

114、 telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.21. What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke? (no more than 10 w

115、ords) 22. How was Josies skill in gardening? (no more than 5 words) 23. How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 5 words) 24. What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke? (no more than 10 words) 25. How does Josies story inspire you? Please explain i

116、n your own words. (no more than 20 words) (3)（2023上天津北辰高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care fordog; my husband and I started our search at a local animal shelter.We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was

117、a approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at usthrough intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our familys lifestyle. And he quickly learned thetricks like “sit” and “come”.But

118、 there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp-that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a singlewarning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen carefully to my husbands commands, but would cock (竖起) his head to one side in confusion and di

119、sappointment as if to tell his master that he just didnt understand what my husband was asking him to do. Myhusband would give his “watch” command. Duke would stand up-muscles tightened in readiness, but would not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.One morning we heard the garbage collec

120、tors come up the driveway to get our garbage. My husband went to the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.“Watch” myhusband commanded. Duke rosein readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension dawned on him, gave aquick tail wave, and leaped through the

121、 window screen jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.Seeing that, I couldnt help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scol

122、ded or beat him. He was one of our family members.1. What was Duke like when the author adopted him? (no more than 10 words) 2. What did the authors husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog? (no more than 15 words) 3. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (no more than 10 words)

123、4. How did the author and her husband feel about Dukes leaping through the window? (no more than 10 words) 5. How do you think people should treat their pets? (no more than 20 words) (4)（2023北京北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir

124、 Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process taking in information, deciding whom and what to

125、 trust, summarizing ones personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They dont

126、necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that ther

127、e has been good judgment.”The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment

128、is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I wont get vaccinated” or “I wont pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assu

129、ming everything was fine.Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these imp

130、licit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.1. Whats Sir Andrews definition of jud

131、gement? 2. Why arent expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing? 3. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans. 4. Do you

132、 agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgments? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) (5)（2023北京海淀石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。E-waste is a serious problem that isnt going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how to manage e-waste.Maybe

133、the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just dont need. Next time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe also the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you do

134、nt keep your connectors, DVDs, wires and gadgets organized, you wont be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.I

135、f you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of th

136、e item had you tried to sell it. Take your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment in return for gift cards.There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, b

137、ecause they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how quickly it fills up.

138、So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and youll be doing a good thing.1. What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem? 2. How can people get

139、tax deductions when managing e-waste? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Sell the electronics that you dont need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get. 4. Why do we need to manage our e-waste? (In

140、 about 40 words) (6)(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. Its a grea

141、t example of the benefits of a strong memory. In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if theyve heard it before. But theres also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”,

142、because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better. All these

143、 findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you: To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your sensesnot just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help y

144、ou to recreate the past in rich clarity. If you find a memory thats particularly helpfulfor reassurance, saykeep using it! Youll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. When youre procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the e

145、ssay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action. Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Dont just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways its going to change your life. Therell still be times when old thoughts remin

146、d you of sadness, or youre anxious about whats next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better youll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.1. What did nostalgia originally mean? 2. What have the researchers found about time travel? 3. Please decide

147、 which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating. 4. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 w

148、ords) (7)(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor. “Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If

149、anything went wrong or wasnt right, a nurse would call me straight away.”Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, s

150、een by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”. Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor

151、or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.Noel OKelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older pe

152、ople want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patie

153、nts.”Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.1. How was Brain treated after his condition

154、 stabilized? 2. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospital

155、s are limited. 4. Besides whats mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In about 40 words) (8)(2023年北京高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Imagine playing a game of Old Maid with a child. She is about to pick a card. It would cost her the game. You think

156、about how excited shed be if she won. So you hint that she might want to select another card. She does. She wins. Youre both happy. But was letting her win a wise move?Scientists and children experts have long said losing once in a while helps children build coping skills. It also helps them learn w

157、hat the real world is like.A new study has been done by Amherst College and the University of Virginia. The study looks at 4 and 5-year-olds. The researchers conducted a series of trials where the children played a game with hidden objects.Two adults gave clues to the locations of the objects. One a

158、dult gave accurate clues. The other gave false ones. Then, the researchers set up the game so that half of the kids always found the hidden object as the uncontrolled group. The remaining children played another game in the controlled group. This game was left to chance. They were more likely to fin

159、d out the hidden objects if they listened carefully. After all, one adult would give helpful information.Afterwards, researchers asked the kids which of the two adults theyd select to help them find more hidden objects? The kids in the uncontrolled game preferred the adult who gave accurate clues. B

160、ut those in the controlled version had no preference.That means if you always let children win, they might not learn to spot important information relevant to future success.Cheating to help kids win games has ties to todays “trophy games.”Children are often given rewards simply for participating in

161、 sports and other competitive events.Parents may believe they are assuring their childs good self-esteem by rewarding them for showing up, says Nicki Nance, who is a licensed psychologist and a professor at Beacon College.Although giving participation prize isnt necessarily harmful, it is important

162、for children to learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere participation.“Self-esteem doesnt come from being adored.” Nance says. It comes from mastery. “If we dont let children fail, they miss the opportunity to take ownership of success.”1. Why do scientists and children experts say l

163、osing once in a while is helpful? 2. Why did the children in the controlled group have no preference in choosing adult to help them find more hidden objects? 3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.To help children learn how to distinguish true accomplishments from mere parricipation, participation prize should not be awarded. 4. Please explain what you have learned from your failure with an example. （In about 40 words）