专题18 9BU2-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）.docx

1、专题18 9BU2-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题Great peopleReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar初中六种时态的用法总结知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1 .inventor n 发明者，发明家 an inventor the greatest inventor in historyinvent v invent my favourite food 发明了我最喜爱的食物invention n 发明，创意 create over 1000 inventions 创造了1000多项发明1. explorer n 探险者，考察者 an explore

2、r explore v 探索，探讨 explore outer space 探索太空3.fighter n 斗士，战斗者，战斗机 a fighter for the rights of black Africans fight v 打架，为而战 （fight-fought-fought） fight for freedom 为自由而战 n 打架 have a fight with sb 与某人打了一架4. Asia Africa Europe America Italy Russia England France Asian African European American Italian

3、Russian English French Germany China Japan AustraliaGerman Chinese Japanese Australian5.pilot n 飞行员 licence (license) n 执照，许可照Eg :He received his student pilots licence when he was 16. 他16岁时拿到了他的飞机学员执照6. navy n 海军 join the navy 加入海军7. serve vi. vt.服役，服务，招待 serve sb serve as a pilot 作为一名飞行员服务 service

4、 n. 服务 be in service 8.test v 测试，测验 test all types of aircraft 测试各种类型的飞机n 检验 测试 pass the test 9.astronaunt n 宇航员 be chosen to become an astronaut 被选为一名宇航员10. spacecraft (单复同) 宇宙飞船，航天器 manage to join two spacecraft together for the first time 成功将两个航天器交会对接11. spin v 快速旋转（spin- spun/span -spun ） begin

5、spinning 开始旋转12.control n 控制 out of control 失去控制，无法管理 v 控制 (control- controlled -controlled , controlling )13.order n 命令，指挥，要求 receive the order to cut the flight short 收到缩短航程的命令v 命令 order sb. (not) to do sth. 命令某人（不）做某事14.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Atlantic

6、(Ocean) 大西洋15. land vi vt （使）着落，（使）降落 land safely 安全降落 land the spacecraft on the Moon n 陆地 on land 在陆地上 on the land 在这片土地上，务农16.step n 一步 Eg: One small step for (a) man , one giant leap for mankind.(一)人的一小步,人类的一大步。vi 走，跨步 (step-stepped) step out onto 跨出去到.上面 17.surface n 表面，表层 the Moons surface 月球的

7、表面18. further （far-farther /further-farthest/furthest） adj 更多的，更进一步的 go abroad for further study 出国进修 take back to the Earth for further research 返回地球做更深的研究19.citizen n 公民，市民 a US citizen 20.pride n 骄傲，可引以为豪的人（或物） the pride of the whole world 全世界的骄傲proud adj be proud of 以而自豪 We are proud of our coun

8、try.21.passage n 章节，乐段 read a passage 22. by hand 手工 wash their clothes by hand 23.scientist n 科学家 marry a French scientist 24. professor n 教授 Professor Wang 王教授25.discovery n 发现，发现物 the discovery of radium 26.unknown adj 未知的，不出名的 be best known for. 最为人知的Eg: It was brave of him to go to a place that

9、 was unknown to humans at that time .他很勇敢，到一个当时人类未知的地方去。27.widely adv 广泛地，普遍地 be widely used in hospitals 被广泛应用于医院28.hunger n 饥饿 see people die of hunger 看到人们死于饥饿29.happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 sth happen to sb 30. advantage n 优势i，有利条件 have many advantages over others比起其他有许多优点disadvantage 劣势31.increase vt

10、 增加increase by+数字 表示具体数量增加 increase to .增加到.32.production n 生产，产量 increase rice production 增加水稻产量 33.development n development of better rice plants 发展更优良水稻植物的发展develop v develop a good reading habit 培养好的阅读习惯adj developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家二、语法Grammar1动词的6种时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动

11、作发生的时间和状态。时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1. I like sports.2. He likes sports.3. She is a good teacher.一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式We had a great time yesterday.一般将来时will/shall/be going to +动词原形1. They will go to the cinema next week.2. He is going to have a picnic with his family tomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are+动词

12、的现在分词形式1. My parents are watching TV now.2.I am looking for my purse.现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词Lily has learned English for three years.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式We were talking loudly when the teacher came in.2现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及常考点一、现在完成时的用法：(1) 过去的动作对现在的影响。例：I have finished my homework. (2) 过去的动作持续到现在。例：I ha

13、ve studied English for six years.二、现在完成时基本结构：have/has+ done标志词: already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, in the past 3 years, before, so far/by now, over the years, since+时间点/过去时态的句子,for+时间段等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。) 例： I have interviewed the famo

14、us writer.(我已经完成采访任务，我对他已经有所了解了。) I interviewed the famous writer yesterday. ( 昨天我做的一件事，不涉及现在。)总结：观察第二句中有明显的一般过去时标志语“yesterday”, 因此做题时最简单的判断就是找有无明显的一般过去时时间状语，如果有则选择一般过去时，没有的话要根据语境和上下文动词的时态判断过去发生的动作对现在有无影响，有影响选用现在完成时，没有影响选择一般过去时。四、since和 for 的用法区别和联系用于描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作。常和for和since连用。(

15、1) since的用法A. since后可加时间点。例：We have learned English since nearly three years ago.B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时。例：It has been nine years since I began to learn English.(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。例：They have worked in the factory for ten months .(3) since 和 for 用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+ 一段时

16、间+ ago例：They have worked in the factory since ten months ago. / We have learned English for nearly three years.【拓展】此外还有“It is + 段时间+since”的句型。例：It has been nine years since I began to learn English.=It is nine years since I began to learn English.(4) 对since和for的提问用how long。例：-How long have you been

17、in Nanjing? -For three years./ Since three years ago.五、have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。例：The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。例：-Where is your uncle? - He has gone to the supermarket.have/ has been in：

18、待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr. Smith has been in the lab for over ten hours.六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法(1) 现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。例：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks.正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks.(2) 非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：c

19、omebe here；gobe there; die-be dead; borrow-keep;buy-have;join-be in(be a member);leave-be away等。批注：补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinish/endbe overdiebe deadjoinbe in/ be a member ofleavebe away fromarrive/

20、reachbe hereget marriedbe married三、词组归纳1.widely adv. 广泛地 open your mouth wide English is widely used. 同high-highly close-closely2.advantage n. 优势（可数） disadvantage n. 劣势 （可数）3.at present 现在进行时标志词 at the moment these days4.do you think做插入语 Who do you think is the greatest person in history? 在做动词填空题时，如

21、果疑问词后面出现do you think，可以删除后再做。5.in history注意不加冠词 in space 在太空中 注意不加冠词6.第一个做某事的人 the first man to do 某人第一次做某事 Its the first time that sb. has done.7.further research 进一步研究 注意research不可数8. the pioneer of Chinas space technology programme 中国太空科技项目的先锋9. a fighter for the rights of South Africans all his

22、life 一生为南非人争取权利的斗士10. the first European to discover America 第一个发现美洲的欧洲人11. take ones first flight 第一次乘飞机12. the pilots licence(a piece of paper that shows you are allowed to do sth)飞行员执照13. serve as a test pilot/an astronaut(a person who travels to space)作为试飞员/宇航员服役14. manage to join two spacecraft

23、 together 设法成功对接两艘宇宙飞船15. begin spinning(turn round and round quickly) out of control 开始旋转失去控制16. receive the order to cut the flight short 收到缩短航程的命令17. bring - down into the Pacific Ocean/ land - on the Moon 使-落入太平洋/着落到月球18. One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind 个人一小步，人类一大步19. step o

24、ut onto the Moons surface(the outside or top part of sth)跨步走到月球表面20. the pride of-/take pride in-/be proud of - -的骄傲/以-自豪 21. in ancient times/by hand 在古时候/手工/22. with the invention of the washing machine 随着洗衣机的发明23. discover radium in the laboratory 在实验室里发现镭24. win the Nobel Prize for Physics for t

25、he discovery of- 因-的发现而赢得诺贝尔物理奖25. be unknown to humans/be known for-/as- 对人类不出名/因-而被26. push for the use of - 推动了-的使用27. be widely used in hospital at present 目前在医院被广泛使用28. begin further research into - 开始进一步研究-29. happen to find a natural hybrid rice plant 碰巧发现一株野生杂交水稻30. have many advantages over

26、 others 有很多优于其它(水稻)的优点31. Rice production has been increased by 20% 水稻产量已增长了20% 32. solve the problem of hunger 解决饥饿问题33. 单词citizen(a person who lives in a country and enjoy rights there)市民34. passage aircraft professor title agriculture navy易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择1. -What is your mother doing, Linda? -She

27、 _dinner in the kitchen now.（淮安）A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cook D. cooking2. -Where are the teachers now? - In the meeting room. They _ the meeting for 10 minutes.（淮安）A. have begun B. have been onC. have hadD. have been held3. Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo _ from 1

28、00% recycled material.（连云港）A. are making B. have made C. is made D. will be made4Wendy， how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro？A couple of days I _ it last week（南京）AboughtBbuyCwill buyDhave bought5. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters aro

29、und the world since it _18 years ago（南京）Aset up Bis set up Cwas set up Dwill be set up6. Is everyone here, Jonathan? No. Sir. Millie is absent. She for two days.（南通）A. has fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell ill D. was ill7. Amon _ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.（苏州）A.

30、will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. has sailed8. -Have you ever been to Shanghai? -Of course. Actually, I _there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.（泰州）A. worked B. was workingC. would work D. have worked9. Since 2009, Modern Family _ us the funny, sad and moving stories of three American

31、 families.（宿迁） A. has given B. will give C. gave D. gives10. -The drama series The Thunder (破冰行动) hits screens these days. -Oh. What a pity! I _ any of them yet,（镇江）A. doesnt watch B. didnt watch C. wont watch D. havent watched11. Every summer, many foreigners _ to Hainan for vacations.A. comes B. c

32、ame C. come D. coming12.-Is your mother a nurse? -Yes, she is. She _ in Town Hospital.A. has worked B. works C. worked D. working13.-Wheres your mother, Lucy? -She _ TV in the room.A. watches B. watched C. is watching D. watching14.Do you know if he _ back next week? If he _ back, please let me know

33、. A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. will come; comes D. comes; comes 15.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be【答案】 ABDAC BCAAD CBCCA 二、动词填空54. Frog (write) by the Chinese writer Mo Yan is popular among children.【答案】written55.

34、The package youre looking forward to (arrive)just now. 【答案】arrived56. Is your father at home?No, Im afraid he (go) out.【答案】has gone57. In ancient times, people (use) salt to help them keep fish or meat for a long time.【答案】were used to58. Jane, I cant find Mike in the playground. Oh,He (play) the pia

35、no in the music room.【答案】is playing59. I think it very nice of you (send)my parents your best wishes.【答案】to send60. She (serve) the kitchen when the light went out.【答案】was serving61. What do you think (happen) to John if he finds his car has been stolen?【答案】happened词汇句型部分：一、 单项选择( )1. She studied ma

36、ths and physics in _ university.Yes. She was such _ unusual woman scientist.A. a; a B. a; an C. an; an D. an; a( )2. What do you think _ Armstrong so famous? His excellent service.A. made B. to make C. making D. make( )3. She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was _ left at home. A. n

37、othing B. none C. something D. nobody( )4. Was it in 1969 _ the American spacemen succeeded _ landing on the moon?A. when; in B. when; / C. that; in D. that; with ( )5. China, _ one of the great four countries with ancient civilizations, is bestknown _ its great development in all the fields over th

38、e years.A. as; as B. as; for C. for; as D. for; for ( )6. What would some students like to do after finishing their education?They would like to start to work _ they neednt depend on their parents completely.A. as soon as B. so that C. before D. while( )7. _ wonderful news program we are watching!A.

39、 What B. How C. What a D. How a( )8. The born artist devoted all the time he had _ for something better or different.A. search B. searched C. to search D. to searching( )9. Marie Curie _ the use of X-ray machines, which are now widely used in hospitals.A. put away B. put out C. pushed in D. pushed f

40、or( )10. Its brave _ you to go to a place that _ unknown to humans. A. of; / B. of; was C. for; / D. for; were( )11. He hardly caught the train yesterday afternoon, _ he?_， because he got up late and there was too much traffic on the road.A. did; Yes, he did B. didnt; Yes, he did C. did; No, he didn

41、t D. didnt; No, he didnt( )12. Each time a medal _ a winner, the music was played.A. is presented to B. presented to C. was presented to D. was presented with ( )13. You never know how much difficulty we had _ the problem. Luckily, we managed to solve it with Mrs Wus help.A. working out B. work out

42、C. worked out D. to work out( )14. Thank you for helping me look after my cat while I was away. _！A. With pleasure B. Its my pleasure C. It doesnt matter D. No problem ( )15. Do you know _ this afternoon?Im not sure, but Ill tell you as soon as she _. A. what time will Betty arrive; arrives B. what

43、time Betty will arrive; will arriveC. what time Betty will arrive; arrives D. what time will Betty arrive; will arrive【答案】BABCB BCDDB CCABC二、词汇运用36.The man sitting at the door is one of the bravest (飞行员）in our country.37.She always gets everything ready before (测试）a new type of plane.38.I know they

44、have successfully landed on the (表面）of the moon.39. What he has done brings us many （优势)40. It is known to us all that the (太平洋）is the latest among the four oceans.41.Its (未知的）to us all whether the story of his is true or not42. My father (服役)as a soldier many years ago.43.Columbus was a great (探险者）

45、and he discovered America44.The (章节)which I red my cousin yesterday are the most interesting part.45. Look, those soldiers are having a flying show in their (战斗机）in the sky.46. Labs are short for (实验室）? 47. Usually the (Africa) athletes are better at running than those in Asia.48. Do you know the na

46、mes of the famous female (invent)?49. I Chink we are the (proud) of our teachers.50. We are very amazed at the (develop) of such a small country.51.The (discover) America brought many things here.52.The (Europe) have been in our school for more than a week.53.This kind of chair is comfortable and (wide) used by many young people.【答案】pilots; testing; surface; advantages; Pacific; unknown; severed; explorer; passages; fighters; laboratories; African; inventors; pride; development;discovery;Europeans; widely