专题2-高考英语阅读理解题文同义转换词汇 -2023年高考英语真题分项功能词汇专项突破.docx

1、阅读理解题文同义转换词汇在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。这也是高考阅读理解设题的常用手法之一！如2021年全国乙卷第32题，正确选项中用concentrate代替了原文中的focus；2020年全国I卷第33题，正确选项中用lack替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对口语、阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。因此，此专题是考生拔尖的良师益友！大家万不可错过！同一意思多种表达同一意思多种表达充满be fu

2、ll of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with少数a minority of, a small number of区分distinguish/tell A from B打扰cause trouble to, bother, disturb亲自personally, in person描述describe, give a description of只有only, nobody/nothing but后来afterwards, after that, later on出版come out, be published缺席be abse

3、nt from, be not present at尤其particularly, in particular目前nowadays, at present, at the present time锻炼exercise, work out宣布announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public谋生make/earn a living重要count, matter, be important, be of importance, significant, vital, crucial代表represent, stand for, (be) on be

4、half of担心worry about, be concerned/anxious about结合combine, mix sth up提到mention, refer to, talk about/of前进advance, move forward偶然地incidentally, accidentally, by chance/ accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally舒适comfortable, at ease展览着on show/display/exhibition十年decade, ten years勇敢(去做)be brave to,

5、 have courage to两周fortnight, two weeks违法的illegal, not legal, against the law二十score, twenty满足需要cater to/meet/satisfy the need十二dozen, twelve离开，放弃abandon, go away from, leave , give up成人adult, grown-up信任，信赖trust, believe, have confidence/faith in删除delete, cut out农村/城市in the countryside/city, rural/ur

6、ban areas下降，减少decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce劝某人做advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do移走remove, take away劝某人不要做discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do吸收absorb, take in取消cancel, call off与一致agree/be consistent/correspond with进入enter, come/go into把分开break sth apart, spli

7、t/divide/separate sth逃跑escape, run away用替换replacewith, useas an alternative to算出calculate, figure out回答answer, reply to开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence 收割harvest, gather, get in除之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from 抵制boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject制定计划make a pl

8、an, work out a plan, draw up a plan相对立contradict, be opposite to与不同differ from, be different from, vary fromto代替replace, take the place of防止疾病protectfrom sickness, avoid/prevent sickness背诵recite, learnby heart用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up害怕fear, be afraid/scared of方式，方法wa

9、y, solution, approach, method, means退(学)quit, drop out of (school)情况良好in a good condition, in a good state/situation推迟delay, postpone, put off置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to去拿来fetch, go and bring back高兴起来cheer up, become happy相匹配match, go with全世界all over/around the world, internationally

10、, worldwide, globally 精力充沛energetic, full of energy重力gravity, the pull of the earth乱七八糟in a mess, in disorder怒视glare at, look at sth angrily气喘吁吁breathless, out of breath平静的clam, not excited做出决定determine, decide, make a decision抽象的abstract, not specific对有害do harm to, be harmful to积极的active, not passi

11、ve相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to残酷地cruelly, with mercy低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice复杂的complicated, not simple, complex寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for人造的artificial, man-made茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse再一次aga

12、in, once more, once again, over and over again提高，改善improve, make/become better独自地alone, by oneself庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration有危险in danger, at risk长胖put on / gain weight, grow fat占比例account for, make up熟悉knowwell, be familiar with青少年adolescent, teenager处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with看医生go

13、to see / consult a doctor到处everywhere, here and there更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better(使)加速accelerate, speed up, quicken使生气annoy sb, make sb angry值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth报道此事cover/report the event把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb很多，很a lot (of), a great deal (

14、of)保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain影响交通hold up / block the traffic一年一次的annual, yearly, every year澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear可进入/接近的be accessible, be easy to enter/reach/use可得到的be available, be easily got使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, cat

15、ch sbs eye/attention宁做A不做Bdo A rather than do B, do A instead of (doing) B无论如何anyhow, anyway, in any way出国go abroad, go to a foreign country在后面behind, at the back of控告某人犯有accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth无论什么whatever, no matter what成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth使某人高兴cheer sb up, make

16、 sb happy突然笑起来burst into laughter, burst out laughing雇用某人employ/hire sb, take sb on不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to受欢迎的be popular, be well received挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion充当；起作用act as, serve as弄明白figure out, find out榜样model, example试验try out, t

17、est完成，实现accomplish, get through, succeed in, complete, achieve想法，设想theory, idea反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of做报告give a presentation/talk/speech认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that辍学，退学drop out of school, leave school老年人old people, the old, senior

18、citizens, the aged, the elderly聪明的clever, bright, wise, smart旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb有机会使用/做have access to sth, have the chance

19、 of doing sth对全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to一就on doing, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, as soon as, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen