专题34 身体部位-备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练（中考真题 各地模拟题）.docx

1、备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)专题34 身体部位Passage 1（2017湖南衡阳中考真题）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。Your body is specialno two people in the world are alike. Although you are different from everyone else, you have exactly the same body parts as the people around you, doing different jobs that ke

2、ep all of us alive.What is inside my head?Your head houses the most valuable part of your bodyyour brain. As you are reading, your eyes send pictures to your brain which makes meaning from what you see. Your brain helps you to remember and think, and make sure your body is doing what it should.What

3、is my skin for?Your skin covers your body. In most parts of your body, the skin is just as thick as half a centimeter. If you have your skin cut, it will have a quick cure and stop viruses(病毒)from entering your body. Your skin also helps you feel the heat and coldness of the environment around you.

4、Hair grows from inside the skin. When you feel hot, extra heat comes out through your skin. As a result, your body temperature drops.How do I move?Muscles(肌肉)are found in most parts of your body. They work with your bones to help you a lotwhenever you cry or smile, eat or speak, walk or dance, etc.W

5、hy do I breathe?Your body needs to take in oxygen from the air and give out the unwanted carbon dioxide in the body. When you breathe, air comes through your nose and mouth into your lungs where oxygen flows to different parts of your body.What does my heart do?Your heart is a very special muscle. I

6、t is slightly bigger than your fist(拳头)and grows bigger as you do. If you place your hand on your heart, you will feel your heart beating which forces blood to move around your body.1Which part of your body helps you to remember and think?AHead.BHeart.CSkin.2The underlined word “houses” in the passa

7、ge probably means _.AcreatesBstoresCbuilds3If you have no skin covering your body, what would happen?AOur body can be guarded by our hair.BViruses cant enter our body easily.CWe cant feel the changes in temperature.4What is true fact about your body?AYour heart is not the same size from birth.BWe ta

8、ke in carbon dioxide to stay alive.COur muscles stop working when we nod.5Which is the best title for this passage?AWhat Your Body NeedsBHow Your Body WorksCWhen Your Body MovesPassage 2（2017山东济南中考真题）Nowadays, we are having a much busier life, and we are using our eyes more than ever before. So we o

9、ften have tired eyes after a days work or study. Here are some good methods of protecting eyes against tiredness to keep them healthy.POSTURE（坐姿） Get into the habit of paying attention to the way you sit. Try to stick to the proper posture that doctors suggest.HELPFUL PICTURES There are some special

10、 pictures online that can help relax your eyes. You may download such pictures to your computer or smart phone. When there is nothing far away you can look at to relax your eyes, you can use one of these pictures. A picture with something like a tunnel（隧道）in it is quite popular. Try to look as far i

11、nto the tunnel as you can for 30 seconds（秒）. Do you feel better?BREAKS The 20-20-20 rule: take a break from the screen every 20 minutes for 20 seconds and look at something 20 feet（about 6 meters）away.EYE EXERCISESStep 1. Sitting comfortably, imagine there is a clock in front of you and turn your ey

12、es up to 12 oclock. Pause（停顿）for a second, and then lower your eyes to 6 oclock. Pause again, and then repeat this step 10 times. Complete the exercise by cupping your hands over your eyes for a few seconds, letting them rest in the darkness.Step 2. Look at something on the right. Keep your eyes on

13、it and slowly turn your head to the left as far as possible. Then do the same thing on the left. Repeat the exercise a couple of times.Step 3. Hold your finger in front of your nose and keep looking at it. Slowly move the finger towards yourself as close as you can without losing focus（焦点）. Then loo

14、k outside the window as far as possible. Repeat this several times. SPORTS Table tennis is about a small ball traveling at high speedthe best sport to train your eyes and relax the muscles（肌肉）in and around the eyes. Other sports like tennis, badminton and kite flying are also great for relaxing tire

15、d eyes.6Which of the following methods of protecting eyes is NOT mentioned in the passage?AHaving the proper posture.BLooking at something green.CFollowing the 20-20-20 rule.DPlaying some kinds of sports.7According to the passage, which of the following pictures can help relax your eyes?ABCD8What do

16、es the underlined word “them” refer to（指代）?AYour eyes.BYour hands. CThe doctors.DThe exercises.9As for eye exercises, which of the following is TRUE?AIn Step l, you must have a large clock in front of you.BIn Step 2, you should turn left when you look to the right.CIn Step 3, you should move your fi

17、nger as far as you can.DAfter finishing each step, you should repeat it a few times.10Which of the following is the best title of the passage? AWe must take a break every 20 minutes.BHow to do eye exercises properly.CWays to protect eyes against tiredness.DPeople have tired eyes very easily.Passage

18、3（2021广西贵港中考真题） Humans have many organs（器官）, but you can enjoy lots of things because of your ears. Do you know how the ears work?The ear has three parts: the outer ear（外耳）, the middle ear and the inner ear（内耳）. The outer ear is the part you can see. It collects sounds around you. The sounds then tr

19、avel down to the middle ear, the inner ear and then to your brain.Your ears never stop working, even when you are asleep! In other words, your ears continue hearing sounds, but you cant hear the sounds just because your brain ignores them.But ears do more than hear. They help you keep balanced（平衡的）,

20、 too. In the inner ear, there are organs that are filled with liquid（液体）and covered with small hairs. When you move your head, the liquid and hairs move, too. They send messages to your brain about the position of your head.More surprisingly, ears even help to taste food. Of course, you dont actuall

21、y taste food with your ears. But there are nerves（神经）running through the middle ear that connect the tongue（舌头） to the brain. If something happens to your ears, you might have a hard time telling different tastes.The ears are truly important organs. We should protect our ears well.11How many parts d

22、oes the ear have?A2.B3.C4.D5.12What does the underlined word “ignores” mean in Chinese?A依赖B暗示C重视D忽略13Besides hearing, what else can ears do?AHelp taste food and tell colors.BHelp keep balanced and tell colors.CHelp keep balanced and taste food.DHelp keep balanced and wake people up.14Which of the fo

23、llowing is TRUE according to the passage?AThe inner ears can collect sounds around you.BYour ears stop working when you are asleep.CIf something happens to your ears, you might tell different tastes easily.DThe organs in the inner ear are filled with liquid and covered with small hairs.15Whats the m

24、ain idea of the passage?AHow ears work.BWhat ears can hear.CHow we protect ears.DWhere ears send messages to.Passage 4（2021四川达州中考真题）With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her vision blurry (视力模糊的), 16-year-old Tian Ting went to the hospital with her parents in January. She was shocked when she

25、 found out that her eyesight dropped from 5.0 to 4.6 in only a term. “A few of my friends have had the same experience lately,” Tian said.In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Min

26、istry of Education.To protect students eyesight, the Chinese government has worked out new requirements (要求) for school supplies (供应品) and equipments that will take effect (生效) on March 1, 2022. For example, according to the requirements, the size of text in students textbooks should be no smaller t

27、han nine-point. Teachers should also try not to use projectors (投影仪) or other multimedia equipments (多媒体设备) that are too bright, Beijing Daily reported. There are also requirements for desks and classroom lights. For example, these lights should give off (散发) as little blue light as possible. Blue l

28、ight is bad for our eyes, as it can kill the photoreceptor cells (光感器细胞) we need for vision, according to Harvard Medical School. Many of the electronic devices we use every day, like our phones and computer screens, give off blue light.Chinese government has also taken other steps to protect studen

29、ts eyesight in China. In May 2020, the National Health Commission urged schools to make sure that students have at least two hours of outdoor activity a day.16In the first half of 2020, there were _ of students becoming short-sighted.A0.4 %B11.4 %C59.2 %D70.6 %17The writer probably agrees that _.Asc

30、hools use textbooks with the smaller size of textBteachers use over-bright multimedia equipmentsCstudents are made sure to have fewer than two hours of outdoor activity a dayDschools use lights that give off less blue light18Whats the best title of the passage?AHow to protect us from illness.BHow to

31、 have outdoor activity.CHow to use electronic devices.DHow to protect students eyesight.Passage 5（2021江苏苏州中考真题）Everybody has a brain, but not many people know how the brain works. Some people believe that the brain is like the hard disk of a computer. We use it to store filespictures, language (word

32、s, texts, sounds) and so on. Others compare the brain to a huge cupboard with lots of shelves and boxes in it. We put information into these boxes and hope to find it again later.The brain is not A computer disk, And it isnt a cupboard. Look at the picture here. It looks a bit like weeds（杂草）in a gar

33、den, doesnt it? The picture actually shows a childs neocortexa part of the brain that controls sight and hearing. You can guess what happensmore “weeds” grow as the child gets older. Scientists call these neuronal（神经元的）networks. The networks grow around our neurons. -What makes them grow? Learning!

34、“Learning is brain change,” says Professor James Zull from Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio, USA“Without learning, nothing changes in the brain. For every new word you learn in your English lesson, every problem you solve in maths, every new song you learn to sing, a neuronal network grows

35、 in your brain and the brain changes.”The more neuronal networks we grow, the better we can think and the better we remember. You may wonder if there is anything you can do to make the networks in your brain grow better. Professor Zull says yes, there is. He says that brain change is strongest when

36、a) you are interested in and like what you are learning, b) you are in control of what you learn and c) you get challenging tasks that make you think hard. Understanding a challenging task makes you feel good and develops your brain.19Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?AThe braina fantastic

37、computer.BWhat people believe about the brain.CHow to make your brain stronger.DOur braina growing system.20What can we learn from the passage 2?ALearning makes our neuronal networks grow.BSeeing a challenging task develops our brain.CWe remember better when things are easy.DTheres nothing we can do

38、 to make us smarter.21Whats the best title for the passage?AInterest is the best teacherBMeeting lifes challengesCNever too late to learnDLearning is brain changePassage 6（2021河北石家庄市第四十中学二模） Being a teenager can be challenging, but it can also be exciting. Youre becoming more independent and making

39、decisions for yourself. You are also learning to take risks and solve problems better than you could before. And changes are happening throughout your body, even in your brain.You cant see the changes in your brain, but theyre affecting how you develop into an adult. At this time in your life, there

40、 is a process going on inside your brain that makes it work faster and more efficiently. Imagine that the structure(结构) of your brain is like a big road map. There are lots of roads leading to different destinations(终点). When you were a child, as you learned new things, your brain created more and m

41、ore roads leading to different destinations. By the time you become a teenager, the most important places on the map have many different roads leading to them. Now your brains job is to make that map more efficient. It removes the roads that you dont need and works to make the other roads faster.As

42、a result, your experiences as a teenager actually affect the way that your brain develops. If you spend hours playing video games, what skills to you use? You learn to see something with your eyes and respond(回应) to it with your hands, right? As you develop those skills, your brain is making sure th

43、at the roads leading to them are especially fast and efficient. So, your videogame playing could be preparing you for a career such as a fighter pilot, or even a surgeon(外科医生).This is a great time for you to practice new skills and discover what youre good at and what you love doing. Go out and try

44、different activities, and stick with them if you think theyre useful. Remember that with everything you do, youre shaping your brain for the future.22Being a teenager can be exciting because _.Ayou can see the changes in your brainByoure afraid of making big decisionsCyou neednt learn new thingsDyou

45、 can learn to solve problems better than before23When learning new things as a child, your brain creates lots of roads leading to _.Asame destinationsBa specific goalCdifferent activitiesDdifferent destinations24The underlined word “efficient” in the passage probably means “_”.AeasyBspecialChelpfulD

46、hard25If you play video games well, you may be good at _ in the future.Araising animalsBcooking dinnersCflying planesDgiving speeches26What is the best title for this passage?AShaping Your FutureBProtecting Your BrainCImproving Learning SkillsDPlaying Video GamesPassage 7（2021河北石家庄市第二十八中学模拟预测） Many

47、of us dont pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in the first place.There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not

48、 eating enough food, genes（基因）and aging（老化）.Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of a computer, youd better take a break every once in a while.Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is ba

49、d for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.Eating he

50、althy food will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because they protect your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly（定期地）and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will

51、stay in good condition for a long time.All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a persons eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.27All the following causes can lead to poor eyesight

52、EXCEPT _.AcomputersBagingCreadingDheight28What should you do if you have to work in front of a computer according to the text?AHave a rest after working for a while.BEat healthy food.CClean eyes by using cold water.DWear a pair of sunglasses.29_ is the most important way to protect our eyes.ATaking

53、medicineBNatural eye careCSeeing the doctorDBeing happy all the time30Which is the best title of the passage?AWays of Eye CareBWays of Eye ExercisesCWays of Being HappyDWays of Being HealthyPassage 8（2021山东单县教学研究室三模） Your body is special no two people in the world are alike. Although you are differe

54、nt from everyone else, you have exactly the same body parts as the people around you, doing different jobs that keep all of us alive. What is inside my head? Your head houses the most valuable part of your body your brain. As you are reading, your eyes send pictures to your brain which makes meaning

55、 from what you see. Your brain helps you to remember and think, and makes sure your body is doing what it should. What is my skin for? Your skin covers your body. In most parts of your body, the skin is just as thick as half a centimeter. If you have your skin cut, it will have a quick cure (治愈) and

56、 stop viruses (病毒) from getting into your body. Your skin also helps you feel the heat and coldness of the environment around you. Hair grows from inside the skin. When you feel hot, extra (额外的) heat comes out through your skin. As a result, your body temperature drops. How do I move? Muscles (肌肉) a

57、re found in most parts of your body. They work with your bones to help you move whenever you cry or smile, eat or speak, walk or dance, etc. Why do I breathe? Your body needs to take in oxygen (氧气) from the air and give out the unwanted carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the body. When you breathe, air comes

58、through your nose and mouth into your lungs (肺) where oxygen comes to different parts of your body. What makes me sneeze? When dust (灰尘) or a strong smell gets into your nose, you sneeze. This is the way your body cleans up the dust in your nose. Your lungs push out the air and try to clear your nos

59、e. What does my heart do? Your heart is a very special muscle. It is a little bigger than your fist (拳头) and grows bigger as you do. If you place your hand on your heart, you will feel your heart beating, which makes blood move around your body.31In Paragraph 3, “houses” means _.Astores.Blocks.Ccrea

60、tes32If you have your skin cut, it will cure quickly and _.Aextra heat can only stay inside our bodyBviruses cant get into our body easilyCwe cant feel the changes in temperature33What is the true fact about your body?AOur heart is the same size from birth.BWe take in carbon dioxide to stay alive.CS

61、neezing is a way to clear our nose.34Which is the best title for this passage?AWhat Your Body NeedsBWhen Your Body MovesCHow Your Body Works 参考答案1A2B3C4A5B【分析】你的身体是特别的，世界上没有两个人是一样的，尽管你和其他人不同，你和你周围的人有着完全相同的身体部分，做着不同的工作，让我们所有人都活着，该文具体介绍了各个身体部位的功能。1细节理解题。结合第三段“Your brain helps you to remember and think

62、, and make sure your body is doing what it should”可知，我们的大脑帮助我们记忆思考。故选A。2词义猜测题。根据“Your head houses the most valuable part of your body-your brain”可推测，脑袋里有身体最有价值的东西大脑。又知store的意思是“储存”；creating意为“创造”；build意思是“建造”，所以此处应选stores，故选B。3细节理解题。根据“If you have your skin cut.As a result, your body temperature dro

63、ps”可知，皮肤可以阻挡细菌进入身体，可以帮你感知冷暖，可以帮你降温。所以此处应选We cant feel the changes in temperature。故选C。4推理判断题。根据“It is slightly bigger than your fist and grows bigger as you do”可知，心脏随着身体的成长而成长，所以选项A是正确的。根据“Your body needs to take in oxygen from the air”可知，身体需要的是氧气，所以选项B是错误的。根据“They work with your bones to help you mo

64、ve”可知，你的肌肉与骨头帮着你活动，所以选项C是错误的。故选A。5主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过大脑、皮肤、肌肉、喷嚏、呼吸等方面阐述了我们的身体是如何工作的，所以标题应为“How Your Body Works”。故选B。6B7D8A9D10C【分析】本文主要讲述了保护眼睛避免疲劳的几种方法。6推理判断题。根据“Get into the habit of paying attention to the way you sit.”，“ The 20-20-20 rule: take a break from the screen every 20 minutes for 20 secon

65、ds and look at something 20 feet（about 6 meters）away.”以及“ Table tennis is about a small ball traveling at high speedthe best sport to train your eyes and relax the muscles in and around the eyes.”可知，文中提到要有正确的坐姿、遵循20-20-20制度以及做一些运动，B选项“看绿色的东西”没有提到。故选B。7细节理解题。根据“A picture with something like a tunnel

66、in it is quite popular.”可知，可以看一幅像隧道一样的画来让眼睛放松，D选项的画符合。故选D。8推理判断题。根据“Complete the exercise by cupping your hands over your eyes for a few seconds, letting them rest in the darkness.”可知，完成练习的方法是将手放在眼睛上几秒钟，让眼睛在黑暗中休息，此处的“them”指的是眼睛。故选A。9细节理解题。根据“Complete the exercise by cupping your hands over your eyes

67、 for a few seconds” “Repeat the exercise a couple of times.”以及“Repeat this several times.”可知，这三个步骤都应该重复几次，D选项表述正确。故选D。10最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了保护眼睛避免疲劳的几种方法，所以C选项“保护眼睛不疲劳的方法”是本文最佳标题。故选C。11B12D13C14D15A【分析】本文主要介绍了耳朵的工作原理以及它的作用。11细节理解题。根据“The ear has three parts: the outer ear（外耳）, the middle ear and the

68、 inner ear”可知，耳朵有三部分，故选B。12词义猜测题。根据“ your ears continue hearing sounds, but you cant hear the sounds just because your brain ignores them”可知，在你睡觉的时候，耳朵还在工作，只不过是大脑忽略了这些声音，所以你听不到它们，所以ignores表示“忽略”，故选D。13细节理解题。根据“They help you keep balanced（平衡的）, too”及“More surprisingly, ears even help to taste food”可知

69、，耳朵可以帮助保持平衡和品尝食物，故选C。14推理判断题。根据“In the inner ear, there are organs that are filled with liquid（液体）and covered with small hairs”可知，内耳的器官充满了液体，并被绒毛覆盖，D表述正确，故选D。15主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了耳朵的工作原理以及它的作用，故选A。16D17D18D【分析】根据教育部的数据，在2020年上半年中，中国中小学生视力问题的人数从59.2%上升到了70.6%，为了保护学生的视力，中国政府对学习用品和设备制定了新的要求，将于2022年3月1

70、日生效。16细节理解题。根据“In fact, poor eyesight among Chinese primary and high school students rose from 59.2 percent to 70.6 percent in the first six months of 2020, according to the Ministry of Education.”可知在2020年上半年，有70.6%的学生患有近视。故选D。17观点态度题。根据“There are also requirements for desks and classroom lights. Fo

71、r example, these lights should give off as little blue light as possible.”可知作者可能会同意学校使用蓝光较少的灯。故选D。18标题归纳题。文章主要讲中国中小学生有视力问题的人数上升极快，为保护学生视力，中国政府对学习用品和设备制定了新的要求。用“How to protect students eyesight.”做标题最合适。故选D。19B20A21D【分析】文章介绍了大脑的工作原理以及如何使大脑成长的方法。19主旨大意题。根据“Everybody has a brain, but not many people kno

72、w how the brain works.”以及整段的描述可知，第一段主要是介绍人们对大脑的看法，故选B。20细节理解题。根据“Learning is brain change.a neuronal network grows in your brain and the brain changes.”可知，学习使我们的神经元网络成长。故选A。21最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍大脑的工作原理以及使大脑成长的方法学习，故选D。22D23D24C25C26A【分析】主要介绍了青春期人的大脑的变化特点以及应该做一些事情来有意识地塑造你的大脑。因此，你现在所做的一切在一定程度上决定

73、自己的未来。22细节理解题。根据“You are also learning to take risks and solve problems better than you could before. ”可知作为青少年是令人兴奋的，你可以学着冒险，可以更好地解决问题。故选D。23细节理解题。根据“When you were a child, as you learned new things, your brain created more and more roads leading to different destinations. ”可知当你是个孩子的时候，你会学很多事，大脑会创造很

74、多路，通向不同的终点。故选D。24词义推断题。根据“It removes the roads that you dont need and works to make the other roads faster.”可知大脑能够移除不需要的路，使其他路更快，即你的大脑会让这份地图更加高效，更加实用。因此四个选项中，C选项“有用的”更符合。故选C。25细节理解题。根据“ So, your videogame playing could be preparing you for a career such as a fighter pilot, or even a surgeon(外科医生).”可

75、知玩电子游戏可以为你的职业生涯做准备，如战斗机飞行员，甚至外科医生。故选C。26最佳标题。本文主要介绍了青春期人的大脑的变化特点以及应该怎样锻炼大脑为以后做好准备，即大脑塑造你的未来。故选A。27D28A29B30A【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了影响视力的因素和眼部护理的方法。27细节理解题。根据“There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not eating enough food, genes（基因）and aging（老化）.”和“Televisions, computers and reading are also

76、 the causes of having poor eyesight.”可知，导致视力差的原因有很多，比如饮食不足、基因和衰老，此外，电视、电脑和阅读也是导致视力不好的原因。故选D。28细节理解题。根据“If you happen to work in front of a computer, youd better take a break every once in a while.”可知，在电脑前工作，最好每隔一段时间休息一下。故选A。29细节理解题。根据“Natural eye care should be put in the first place.”可知，自然的眼部护理应该放在

77、第一位。故选B。30最佳标题题。根据“All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了眼部护理的方法。故选A。31A32B33C34C【分析】文章主要介绍了身体的各个部位的功能，以及身体是怎样工作的。31词义猜测题。根据“.As you are reading, your eyes send pictures to your brain which makes meaning from what you see. Your brain helps you to remember

78、and think, and makes sure your body is doing what it should.”可知，当阅读的时候，眼睛向大脑发送图片，让看到的东西有意义，大脑还能帮助记忆和思考，所以单词“houses”指的是“储藏”，与A选项意思一致，故选A。32细节理解题。根据“If you have your skin cut, it will have a quick cure (治愈) and stop viruses (病毒) from getting into your body.”可知，如果你的皮肤被割伤，它会很快治愈并阻止病毒进入你的身体，故选B。33推理判断题。根

79、据“When dust (灰尘) or a strong smell gets into your nose, you sneeze. This is the way your body cleans up the dust in your nose.”可知，打喷嚏是一种清洁我们鼻子的方法。故选C。34最佳标题题。根据“.Although you are different from everyone else, you have exactly the same body parts as the people around you, doing different jobs that keep all of us alive.”及整篇短文的理解可知，这篇短文主要讲述我们的身体部位是如何工作的。故选C。