专题5.主旨大意解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关（解析版）.docx

1、主旨大意解题技巧每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore, thus, but, however, in short, tosum up等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about?或Which of the follow

2、ing can be the best title for the text?主旨大意题方法：主旨大意分为大意类和标题类以及段落大意。主题句是主旨大意的体现，因此识别每段主题句，然后归纳。看首段和尾端看文中出现最多的词陷阱：注意以偏概全不能选范围太大不能选注意段落大意，看清段落不要误选方法1 文章大意总结法文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west. Anna Scheen, from the Neth

3、erlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for the first time. They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didnt open it. They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether the

4、y liked it or not. she said. In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped (包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the giver is regarded as impolite.The main idea o

5、f the passage is about _.A. the different rules of accepting presentsB. how to give a gift in ChinaC. how to choose a good giftD. the western rules of accepting giftsStep1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义 A. 接受礼物的不同规则B. 如何在中国送礼物C. 如何选择好的礼物D. 西方接受礼物的规则；Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和

6、第三段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。；Step3：结合段落大意总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述不同的接受礼物的规则；Step4：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落大意，C项不符合文意，正确答案为A。方法2 段落大意总结法段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意的理解归纳能力。 Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA. This player is the shortest in the NBA, but he is one of the mo

7、st fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. In NBA, he looks like a fourth-grader among a group of high school students. according to The Atlantic. How can he compete(竞争) with them？.Paragraph 1 of the report mainly talks about _.A. how great Nate Robinson isB. how Nate Robinson is unlike any other player

8、C. how fearless Nate Robinson isD. who Nate Robinson isStep1：分析理解题干及选项：根据题干设问可知本题考点段落大意，选项含义 A. 内特罗宾逊有多棒B. 内特罗宾逊是如何不同于其他球员的C. 内特罗宾逊是多么无畏D. 内特罗宾逊是谁Step2：通读理解第一段：内特罗宾逊不同于NBA中的任何其他球员。这位球员是NBA中最矮的，但他是最无畏的球员之一。他身高1.75米。据大西洋月刊报道，“在NBA，他看起来就像一群高中生中的四年级学生。”；Step3：概括段落大意：结合第一段理解及Nate Robinson is unlike any o

9、ther player in the NBA可知，内特罗宾逊与NBA其他的任何队员都不同本段是围绕他如何与其他运动员不同展开的讨论。Step4：定位答案：通过对题干选项及第一段的分析理解，正确答案为B。方法3 标题判断法标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和概括的能力。A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Now paper comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep

10、on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets (小包). We can also use handkerchiefs (手帕) and not pa

11、per ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. Everyone can help to save paper. And we should do it now, before it is too late.Which is the best title of the passage?A. Saving PaperB. The History of Paper C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back AgainD. Cai Lun Invented PaperStep1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本

12、题考查点为文章标题，选项含义 A. 节省纸张B. 纸的历史C. 棉质手帕又回来了D. 蔡伦发明了纸；Step2：总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述人们在日常生活中怎样节约用纸；Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落细节，C项不符合文意，确定答案为A。（2023山东聊城统考中考真题）Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.“It is my greate

13、st happiness to care for them,” said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions

14、. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated（毕业）from the school.In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation（康复）centre and Xie worked harder. To mak

15、e sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems. That often made her throat ache.2015, the school s

16、tarted offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie, there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.“Although we feel tired s

17、ometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students progress, even just a little bit,” Xie said.1Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of _.A22B27C29D492What does Paragraph 3（第3段）mainly tell us?AWhat Xie knows.BHow long Xie helped carry the student.CHow Xie takes care of th

18、e students.DWhat the students physical conditions are.3Xie probably _ first to help them receive the best training.Amade some plans for the childrenBtaught the children the basic skillsCset up a rehabilitation centre for the childrenDtrained the children with hearing and speech problems4Which of the

19、 following is true?AXie said the teachers always felt tired.BXie thinks their work is useful and important.CEach teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.DThe school offered door-to-door education to all the students.5What is the best title（题目）for the passage?ASpecial studentsBA famous schoolCMount

20、ain villagesDMum Xiaohua【答案】1A 2C 3A 4B 5D【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。1推理判断题。根据“It is my greatest happiness to care for them, said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.”可知，谢49岁了，而她在山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校已经有27年了，说明她在22

21、岁时开始在学校上班。故选A。2段落大意题。根据“She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated（毕业）from t

22、he school.”可知第3段主要讲述了谢如何照顾这些学生。故选C。3细节理解题。根据“To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them.”可知，为了确保每个孩子都能接受最好的训练，她为他们制定了特别的计划。故选A。4细节理解题。根据“Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students progress, even just a little bit

23、, Xie said.”可知，谢说，虽然他们有时会感到疲惫，但看到学生们的进步后，他们觉得自己的工作很有价值，哪怕只是一点点。由此可知，谢认为他们的工作是有用且重要的。故选B。5最佳标题题。根据“Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.”可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。选项D“晓华妈妈”作为标题最为合适。故选D。（2023四川成都统考中

24、考真题）a. Locals Care for Natural WorldGrasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many wild animals have come back. On January 24, 2003, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to protect the area and the wildlife. Local people joined in the project, picking up waste an

25、d protecting the animals.b. China Successfully Grows Rice in SpaceHow to grow food in space if humans live there one day? For nearly 40 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds (种子) in space. Recently growing rice at Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward. It can also solve fo

26、od problems on Earth.c. Doctors Sent to West AfricaDoctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it. To get things better, they will also offer medical care and help train local nurses there.d. _A

27、 strong earthquake hit Turkey on February 6. More than 8,000 international rescuers (救援人员) around the world went to help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team from China. They helped save lives and rebuild homes.e. Scientists Fight against Plastic PollutionA natural material, fungi (真菌), used to break

28、 down a type of plastic called polypropylene turned out to be useful. Scientists at the University of Sydney found that after 90 days, between 25% and 27% of polypropylene broke down and after 140 days, polypropylene became completely safe.1Which passages are about environmental protection?Aa, bBa,

29、eCb, e2When did China probably begin to develop seeds in space?AIn the 1980s.BIn the 1990s.CIn the 2000s.3What does the underlined word it in Passage c refer to?AAn island.BA new flu.CMedical care.4Which is the best title for _?ATurkey Calling for HelpBThe World Saving Lives in QuakeCTerrible Situat

30、ion Faced by Turkey5Whats the theme shared by all the passages?AChallenges and Chances. BResponsibility and Success.CProblems and Efforts.【答案】1B 2A 3B 4B 5C【导语】本文介绍了几则新闻内容。1细节理解题。根据“Locals Care for Natural World”和“Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution”可知，a和e两则新闻与环境保护有关，故选B。2推理判断题。根据“For nearly

31、40 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds (种子) in space.”可知，近40年来，中国在太空开发了260多种新型种子。由此可知，中国可能是20世纪80年代开始开发太空种子的。故选A。3推理判断题。根据“Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it.”可知，在

32、一场新的流感爆发后，医生们正飞往西非海岸附近的一个岛屿。他们将测试不同的药物来找到治疗它的方法。此处it指的是新的流感，故选B。4最佳标题题。分析“A strong earthquake hit Turkey on February 6. More than 8,000 international rescuers (救援人员) around the world went to help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team from China. They helped save lives and rebuild homes.”可知，本则新闻介绍土耳其发生

33、强烈地震，来自世界各地的8000多名国际救援人员前往救援，其中包括来自中国的蓝天救援队。他们帮助拯救生命，重建家园。选项B“世界在地震中拯救生命”最适合作本则新闻的标题，故选B。5主旨大意题。分析几则新闻内容可知，均与“问题和为此做出的努力”相关。故选C。（2023四川雅安统考中考真题）Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which last

34、s from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends next May. Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing. In winter, when people in Iceland finish their dail

35、y work, they will have different special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can tea

36、ch them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland. Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. The food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. It had to buy most of its food from other countries, Later, when farmers learned

37、to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot.Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3.1What does the u

38、nderlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1?AThe ocean.BNatural beauty.CIceland.DThe volcano.2When do visitors usually go to enjoy the whale-seeing?AIn spring.BIn summer.CIn autumn.DIn winter.3What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AWhat is the first choice to relax after the fun.BHow people in I

39、celand finish their daily work.CWhat stories are the most popular in Iceland.DHow people in Iceland spend the long dark night.4Why does Iceland have a short growing season?ABecause there are oceans around.BBecause there is a long hot summer.CBecause there is a long cold winter.DBecause there are a n

40、umber of volcanoes.5What can be the best title of the passage?AIceland, a Poor CountryBFood Problems in IcelandCColorful Activities in IcelandDIceland, an Amazing Country【答案】1C 2B 3D 4C 5D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况。1代词指代题。分析“Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and ocean

41、s around. There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August.”可知，冰岛是一个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。这里有许多火山。它的夏天很短，从六月持续到八月。此处It指的是“冰岛”，故选C。2细节理解题。根据“Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beau

42、tiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.”可知，冰岛的夏天是游客的黄金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。故选B。3段落大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they will have different special activities to spend the long dark night.”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛人如何度过漫长的黑夜。故选D。4细节理解题。根据“Becau

43、se of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.”可知，由于漫长寒冷的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。故选C。5最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况，选项D“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”符合主题，故选D。（2023浙江衢州统考中考真题） One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I called my grandma for help, followed a TV program to make jam and waited e

44、xcitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didnt notice three hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realised that although I didnt make the pie successfully, I really e

45、njoyed the process (过程). The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enj

46、oy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success. But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the process? Well, the question has the answer in itself.

47、 Dont always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own ride. Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and l

48、earn to be patient. Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop. Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of losin

49、g weight, enjoy your favourite cake once in a while.1How does the writer start the article?ABy giving an exampleBBy comparing facts.CBy using old sayings.DBy listing numbers.2What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in Paragraph 2?AMake up.BGet ready for.CPoint out.DPay attention to.3Which

50、 of the following best shows the structure of the text?ABCD4Which could be the best title for the text?AEnjoy the processBWhat does success mean to us?CNever give upDHow can we achieve good results?【答案】1A 2D 3C 4A【导语】本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。1推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者是通过结合

51、自身做苹果派的例子来引出本文主题，故选A。2词义猜测题。根据“If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel disappointed and want to give up.”可知，如果只关注结果而不享受过程，更有可能感到失望，想要放弃，所以划线单词表示“关注”，与“Pay attention to”词义接近，故选D。3篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作者讲述了自己做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感悟；第三段引出问题“如何享受过程”，第四段到第

52、六段提出建议，C项符合文章的结构。故选C。4最佳标题题。本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议，文章整体以“享受过程”为线索展开介绍，所以最适合本文的标题是：享受过程，故选A。（2023辽宁沈阳统考中考真题）The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out the importance of reading and calls on people to read more books, so shared bookhouse

53、s have appeared in many places. Reading has become a trend in our country.A reading campaign (行动) took place in Shenyang in April, 2023. Many people took part in it. Li Hong, a girl from a junior high school, said, “My mother and I took part in the campaign because both of us like reading. Books are

54、 our necessary furniture in our house. I know a lot about Chinese classic (经典的) works. Reading makes my life colourful and will change my dream into reality (现实).” Reading is one thing, but knowing how to read and what to read is another.There are mainly three kinds of reading: recreational reading,

55、 study-type reading and survey reading. Recreational reading can bring you much fun. You can read at a relaxed speed. Study-type reading usually needs you to read the text very carefully to understand the ideas and details. Survey reading is a way of reading fast to get the main idea or find the inf

56、ormation you need.What kind of books should you read? Emerson, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a book that is not a year old; never read any but famous books; never read a book you dont like.Good books can lift you to a higher plane (境界). Whatever you read, read with interest

57、, with the whole mind. Try to be a best reader. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will do things more confidently. Reading is rewarding (有益的)!1What can we infer (推断) about Li Hong from the second paragraph?AThere is no other furniture in her house but books.BHer mother teaches Chinese i

58、n a junior high school.CShe has probably read the book Journey to the West.DShe has changed her dream because of the campaign.2Which of the following probably belongs to survey reading?ALearning a long poem at a relaxed speed.BReading a novel carefully to write a report.CEnjoying interesting comic s

59、trips as you like.DSearching newspapers quickly for something.3What kind of books should we read according to Emerson?ABooks that are well known.BBooks that cost a lot of money.CBooks that are about rules.DBooks that come out within a year.4What is the purpose of writing this text?ATo introduce a re

60、ading campaign.BTo advise us to build bookhouses.CTo encourage people to read books.DTo tell us about some classic works.【答案】1C 2D 3A 4C【导语】本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。1推理判断题。根据“I know a lot about Chinese classic works.”可知李红对中国古典名著了解很多，由此推出她可能读过经典名著西游记。故选C。2推理判断题。根据“Survey reading is a w

61、ay of reading fast to get the main idea or find the information you need.”可知概括性阅读是一种快速阅读的方式，以获得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在报纸上快速搜索属于概括性阅读。故选D。3细节理解题。根据“Emerson, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a book that is not a year old; never read any but famous books; never read a book you dont l

62、ike.”可知爱默生认为永远不要读一本未满一年的书、只读名著、永远不要读你不喜欢的书。故选A。4主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。结合“Try to be a best reader. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will do things more confidently. Reading is rewarding!”可知写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们读书。故选C。（2023河南统考中考真题）According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and th

63、e Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day and the Moon rules the night. Thats kind of right, but not totally.The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we dont.As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. Thats when we get day

64、. When the Earths spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earths shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night.The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesnt make its own light. Moonlight is actual

65、ly the Suns light reflecting(反射) the Moon back to us.The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shi

66、nes all night, and sets around sunrise. Since he moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning.The Moon is most di

67、fficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we cant see the Moon at all.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1What can we know about the Sun?AThe Sun rules the Moon.BThe Sun shines during both day and night.CThe Sun lights up

68、all the sides of the Moon.DThe Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time.2Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3?shadow n.the shape of the Earththe force from the Sunthe dark area on the Earththe opposite side of the SunABCD3What

69、does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?AHow the Moon makes its light.BWhy there is day and night on the Earth.CWhy the Moon can be seen during the day.DWhat the difference is between Full Moon and New Moon.4Which following picture shows us New Moon?ABCD5What is the theme(主题) of the text?ACulture.BScienc

70、e.CEducation.DTechnology.【答案】1B 2C 3C 4A 5B【导语】本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。1细节理解题。根据“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we dont.”可知太阳白天黑夜都照耀着。故选B。2词义猜测题。根据“When the Earths spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun.we get night”可知当地球自转使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所

71、以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗区域，故选C。3段落大意题。根据“During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since he moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too.”（满月时，月亮在日落时升起，整夜闪耀，在日出时落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有时在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要讲述了为什么在白天可以看到月亮，故选C。4推理判断题。根据“The Moon is

72、most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we cant see the Moon at all.”可知在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合，故选A。5主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题为

73、科学，故选B。（2023辽宁营口中考真题）Recently, researchers in Israel have done an experiment and found that goldfish are able to navigate(导航) on land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.The experiment was performed by a research team at the Ben-Gurion University. It was made to see whether goldfish could find

74、 their way in a very different environment. Researchers developed a robotic car that could drive forward, backward and from side to side. They called the car FOV“Fish Operated Vehicle”(鱼驱动车). A goldfish was placed inside a water box on the FOV. Using a set of wheels with a camera system, the FOV rec

75、orded the fishs movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction.The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They placed the car in a small room with a pink target(目标) on one side. The fish would get food when the car touched the target. After a few days of training, th

76、e fish navigated to the target. At first, it took them about half an hour to drive to the target. But by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same task in less than a minute. Shachar Givon, one of the researchers, said, “As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to

77、drive a car knows, it is challenging at first.”Not only did the goldfish show that they could drive to the target, but they also werent fooled by false targets of other colors. They were also able to get free when the car hit a wall. Although the fish may not have realized they were moving on land,

78、these results show that a fish has the ability to navigate outside its nature environment of water. It can enrich scientific knowledge of animals navigation skills.1What is the purpose of the goldfish experiment?ATo see if goldfish could tell different colors.BTo see if goldfish could find food and

79、living places.CTo see if goldfish could navigate in a different environment.DTo see if goldfish could ride a bike or drive a car like humans.2What can be learned about the FOV?AIt was placed inside a water box.BIt could follow the fishs movements.CIt was driven by a camera system.DIt could control t

80、he fishs directions.3The goldfish would get food as long as the car _.Atouched the pink targetBmoved in the small room freelyCavoided hitting a wallDtouched the targets of other colors4What can we learn from Shachar Givons words?AIt was important for the goldfish to drive a car.BIt was impossible fo

81、r the goldfish to navigate.CIt was meaningless for the goldfish to be trained at first.DIt was hard for the goldfish to reach the target at the start.5Which can be the best title for the passage?AGood Use of a Robotic CarBAn Experiment on AnimalsCGoldfishs Ability to Navigate on LandDGoldfishs Skill

82、s to Drive a Car on Land【答案】1C 2B 3A 4D 5C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性。1推理判断题。根据“Recently, researchers in Israel have done an experiment and found that goldfish are able to navigate on land”可知，金鱼在陆地上也具有导航能力，进而可以推出研究人员开展金鱼实验的目的是为了检验金鱼在不同的环境中是否仍具备导航能力。故选C。2细节理解题。根据“the FOV recorded the fish

83、s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction”可知，鱼驱动车可以按鱼移动轨迹前进。故选B。3细节理解题。根据“The fish would get food when the car touched the target.”可知，当车触碰到粉色目标的时候可以得到食物。故选A。4推理判断题。根据“As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is challenging at fir

84、st.”可知，任何试图学习如何骑自行车或开车的人都知道，一开始是很有挑战性的。由此可知，Shachar Givon想表达的是金鱼很难在一开始就到达目标。故选D。5最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要讲述科研人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性，选项C“金鱼在陆地上的导航能力”最符合本文。故选C。（2023河南统考中考真题）Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from wind and water.But do you know that

85、 energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move.Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that!

86、They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers.Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generator. The generator pro

87、duces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later.People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use le

88、ss than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground.Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun

89、 way to provide electricity!根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2?ABy asking a question.BBy telling a joke.CBy using an old saying.DBy making a survey.2What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text?AFalls down suddenly.BBreaks up compl

90、etely.CMoves up and down slowly.DTurns round and round quickly.3What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?AThe future of new energy.BThe forms of worlds energy.CUsing bicycle-powered energy.DProducing bicycle-powered energy.4What do we know about bicycle-powered energy?AIt cant be seen in schools.BIt comes f

91、rom wind and water.CIt can be stored and used later.DIts from power lines overhead.5In which unit of a textbook can the text be found?AUnit 1 Friends ForeverBUnit 2 Dream of the StarsCUnit 3 The Value of MoneyDUnit 4 The World of Science【答案】1A 2D 3C 4C 5D【导语】本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识。1细节理解题。根据“But do you

92、 know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike.”可知，作者是通过问问题来引出“自行车动力能源”的，故选A。2词义猜测题。根据“When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins.”可及常识可知，当踩自行车时，后轮会转动，所以划线单词表示“转动”，D项符

93、合，故选D。3段落大意题。根据“People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. ”可知，本段主要讲的是“自行车动力能源”的使用，故选C。4细节理解题。根据“This energy can also be stored and used later.”可知，这种能源可以储存起来以后使用，故选C。5推理判断题。本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识，与科学相关，故选D。（2023内蒙古包头统考中考真题）An electronic bookknown as

94、 an e-bookis the text and art of a book published in digital form. Some say the convenience of a digital book beats the benefits of reading a real book, that is, a book printed on paper. Is that true?A famous writer once wrote, “You can find magic wherever you look. Sit back and relax. All you need

95、is a book!” Back then, of course, he meant a book printed on paper, but today thats not the only way to read one. People can choose to read a real book, or they can read an e-book on an e-reader device (设备) or a computer. Many people like reading e-books because they are convenient and easy to carry

96、.However, a real book can never be replaced. There is nothing better than the feel of a real book, from the weight of it in your hand to the satisfaction of turning each page. Its part of the experience of readingjust like going to a library or bookstore and turning the pages of a book freely. Scrol

97、ling (滚屏) through a device isnt the same. And not every kind of book translates well to digital. Plus, e-books can require expensive devices that need to be charged (充电), as well as Internet access to download books. Thats not always possible or convenient. A printed book, however, doesnt have to be

98、 connected to be enjoyed. Whats more, when reading a real book, you can feel a pleasure of the mind, which will help you get information and remember it more effectively. And it contributes towards developing the communication skills and unlock our imagination.In 2022, sales of e-books in the US tot

99、aled about $ 1 billion, while real books sales hit $ 9.1 billion. In a survey, 30% of Americans who read books chose e-books, while most still prefer real books. Besides, research shows that understanding improves when people read books in print, rather than in digital form.1Why do some people like

100、reading e-books?AE-books provide more understanding.BE-books are convenient and easy to carry.CE-books increase printing costs and paper use.DE-books benefit people with reading difficulties.2What can we know from paragraph 3?APeople are too busy to read a real book.BChildren are into reading e-book

101、s nowadays.CIt is enjoyable to read real books in a library.DAll the real books can be translated well to digital.3Whats the purpose of listing numbers in the last paragraph?ATo stress the importance of reading books.BTo show the popularity of reading real books.CTo give examples of American best-se

102、lling books.DTo compare the differences of the two reading habits.4Whats the main idea of the text?AReading habits are changingBReading books is a good habitCReal books benefit us in many waysDNothing compares to reading an e-book【答案】1B 2C 3B 4C【导语】本文主要介绍了与电子书相比，实体书对我们有哪些好处。1细节理解题。根据“Many people lik

103、e reading e-books because they are convenient and easy to carry.”可知，一些人喜欢电子书是因为电子书便利且方便携带。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“There is nothing better than the feel of a real bookIts part of the experience of readingjust like going to a library or bookstore and turning the pages of a book freely.”和“when reading a real boo

104、k, you can feel a pleasure of the mind”可知，在图书馆里读真正的书是令人愉快的。故选C。3推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，实体书的销量远高于电子书，而且大多数人仍然喜欢读实体书，本段列出的数字是为了说明阅读实体书的受欢迎程度。故选B。4主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“However, a real book can never be replaced.”可知，本文主要介绍了与电子书相比，实体书的好处有哪些。故选C。（2023福建统考中考真题）Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating un

105、spoken thoughts into written words. Its the first time its been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.

106、Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity wit

107、h words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened.The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example

108、, it turned “I dont have my drivers license yet” into “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another, it co

109、uldnt understand their thoughts.The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps th

110、em.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.1What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)?AA way.BAnything.CThe brain.DAI.2What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?AT

111、o describe the process of the experiment.BTo explain the results of the experiment.CTo offer some opinions about the experiment.DTo list the difficulties with the experiment.3What does the example in paragraph 3 show?AThe AI is much cleverer than people.BThe AI didnt start the work as it was ordered

112、.CThe AI couldnt understand the exact words of what people thought.DThe AI will be well developed according to peoples special needs.4What can we learn from the text?AIt is not difficult to take AI under control.BAI will not be used in a proper way in the future.CAI is so wise that it can treat peop

113、le with medical problems.DIts expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas.5What can be the best title for the text?AHigh Risks of Using AI.BMind-Reading Development.CImportance of Human Brain.DWays of Improving Technology.【答案】1D 2A 3C 4D 5B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。

114、1代词指代题。分析“They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to think for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.”可知，他们使用了人工智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。此处It指的是AI，故选D。2段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故

115、选A。3细节理解题。根据“For example, it turned I dont have my drivers license yet into She has not even started to learn to drive yet. It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words.”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理解人们在想什么，而不是确切的话语。故选C。4推理判断题。根据“Scientist

116、s have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words.”和“The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.”可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字，科学家们希望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说

117、话能力的人，再次与人交流。由此可知，预计人工智能将帮助那些哑口无言的人交流思想。故选D。5最佳标题题。本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。（2023四川泸州统考中考真题）Its reported that Shenzhou-16 will bring international paintings by teenagers from 10 African countries to the China Space Station.Jing Haipeng, one of the astronauts for the Sh

118、enzhou-16 manned spaceflight mission, shared the information during the Shenzhou-16s press conference（新闻发布会）at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest Chinas Gansu Province on Monday.These paintings were beautifully drawn by teenagers from 10 African countries including Algeria, Democratic

119、Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.“Indeed, we have this special and meaningful purpose, which is to show international paintings for the first time on the China Space Station, and these excellent works are from the winners of

120、 Tianhe Award for young friends from the 10 African countries,” Jing explained.“At present, we have not seen the paintings. I believe they will be bright. Exploring the vast universe（宇宙）is the common dream of all human, no matter the race, age, or nationality. We look forward to joining hands with a

121、ll peace-loving people to create a better tomorrow,” he continued.“We will take the childrens best youth, best friendship, and best dreams into space, plant the seeds（种子）of science, friendship, and dreams on the China Space Station, and let them grow and bear fruit,” Jing hoped.1What does Jing Haipe

122、ng do?AA reporter.BAn artist.CA gardener.DA spaceman.2Where are some of the teenagers mentioned from?AEgypt, Mauritius and Mexico.BMali, Colombia and Zimbabwe.CMadagascar, Algeria and Somalia.DNigeria, South America and Madagascar.3What did Jing Haipeng think of these paintings?AWonderful.BFunny.CGe

123、neral.DFashionable.4Which of the following is true?AThe paintings were chosen from Chinese teenagers.BThe paintings have not been shown before in space.CJing Haipeng has seen the paintings when interviewed.DThe winners of “Tianhe Award” can get a space ticket.5Whats the main theme of the passage?AHu

124、man and nature.BPeace and friendship.CScience and technology.DCulture and education.【答案】1D 2C 3A 4B 5B【导语】本文讲述了神舟十六号将把来自10个非洲国家的青少年的国际绘画作品带到中国空间站这一事件。1细节理解题。根据“Jing Haipeng, one of the astronauts for the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceflight mission”可知，景海鹏是神舟十六号载人航天飞行任务的宇航员之一。故选D。2细节理解题。根据“These paintings

125、were beautifully drawn by teenagers from 10 African countries including Algeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.”可知，这些画作由来自阿尔及利亚、刚果民主共和国、埃及、马达加斯加、马里、毛里求斯、尼日利亚、索马里、南非和津巴布韦等10个非洲国家的青少年绘制而成。故选C。3推理判断题。根据“these exce

126、llent works are from the winners of Tianhe Award for young friends from the 10 African countries”可知，景认为这些是优秀的作品，说明他认为这些画作都很精彩。故选A。4细节理解题。根据“Its reported that Shenzhou-16 will bring international paintings by teenagers from 10 African countries to the China Space Station.”和“At present, we have not seen the paintings.”可知，这些画作将由神州16号的宇航员带到中国空间站，而目前，我们都没有见过这些画。故选B。5主旨大意题。根据“We look forward to joining hands with all peace-loving people to create a better tomorrow”可知，景希望，我们期待着与所有爱好和平的人们携手创造更美好的明天。由此可知，本文的主题是和平与友谊。故选B。