专题三　第2讲　代词.docx

1、第2讲代词I am a senior high school student and I want to join our school football team，but the person in charge has rejected me.I have to spend my spare time practicing football to improve myself.Look! The football under the bed is mine.It has been worn out.规则感悟为人称代词的主格形式作主语。为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。为人称代词的宾格

2、形式作宾语。为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。(一)代词的形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(二)反身代词的习惯用法与介词搭配by oneself独自地for ones

3、elf亲自；为自己of oneself自动地in oneself本质上；本身与动词搭配apply oneself to专心致志于behave oneself举止得体；行为检点dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to致力于；献身于help oneself to随便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得开心seat oneself就座；入席make yourself at home别客气teach oneself自学(三)it的用法1指天气、时间、距离、环境等。It is early spring，but it is already very hot.现在是初春，但

4、是天气已经很热了。It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词。Although he doesnt like it，I decide to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。3指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式

5、主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.for/of sb不定式It is important for students to learn English well.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。It was foolish of him to leave the door open after he left the office.他离开办公室之后没关门，真是糊涂了。It is no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的。It is no use crying over the spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。(覆水难收。)Itbe

6、名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder.)/adj.that从句It is a pity that you cant go with her.很遗憾你不能和她一起去。It特殊动词(短语)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb.)that从句It seems that he has made a serious mistake.他似乎犯了一个严重的错误。Itbe过去分词that从句It is reported that 20 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道有20人死于这次地震。It takes sb

7、time/patience/effort/energy to do sthIt took him much energy to write the novel.写这部小说耗费了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.itadj./n.(for/of sb) to do sth/宾语从句I find it easy to get on with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be h

8、eld.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示“喜欢、憎恶”等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。Id appreciate it if you could attend our party.如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。5it的常用短语或句型。(1)When it comes to learning English，reading widely is of great importance.当谈到学习英语，广泛阅读很重要。(2)I cant

9、help it if he is always complaining.若他总是抱怨，我也没办法。(3)We finally made it to the airport though it was rainy.尽管下雨了，但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。(4)As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.正如某人所说，熟能生巧。(5)I take it that you dont agree with the manager.我想你不同意经理的意见。(6)It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

10、他参军已经三年了。(7)It was three years before he returned home.过了三年他才回家。对点练习1He lives a very regular life，studying every day and never allowing _(he) to fall behind in his schoolwork.2When told that it was a loss to humans，the farmers burst into laughter and responded，“Our real loss is _(we) decreasing inco

11、me.”3While making a choice from various ways of spending our time，we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers _(we) up.4I have made _ clear that I will not accept this job.5Given hope，I am convinced that a breakthrough can come at any age if we have faith in ourselves and k

12、eep learning and working for _.6There is a knock on the door._ might be the postman.1all/every/both/each/neither/noneThere are 50 students in my class.Though not all of us are studying well，we all study hard.Every student has a dream university，though not every student can be admitted to a famous on

13、e.My deskmate and I both like music，but both of us dont want to enter a music academy.Each of us has chosen our future college.We have 14 teachers in all，none of whom treat us badly.However，my deskmate and I are both fat，so neither of us love PE classes.规则感悟all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还

14、是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都”。each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时

15、，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。2anything/nothing/something/everythingDo you have anything to say about your exam?No，I have nothing to say about it.I hope you can share something special about your school.I have told you that I dont have anything to say about it.Everything has gone wrong.规则感悟anythi

16、ng表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。nothing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。3the other，another，others与the othersExcuse me.Can you exchange this T-shirt for another one? Some others say it doesnt fit me well.Of course.This T-shirt comes in two size

17、s；you can try on the other one.Dont bother.There are so many shops and I will go to the others.规则感悟another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。4替代词that，those，one，ones，the one，the onesI found a beauti

18、ful coat in a shop，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I found one looking the same online and it was much cheaper than that/the one in the physical shop.However，when I received the coat，I realized though the ones sold online were much cheaper，they were not as good as those in physical shops.I would r

19、ather spend more money on better ones of high quality.规则感悟one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an单数名词”。that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the单数名词/不可数名词”。the one替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the单数名词”。the ones替代复数名词，相当于“the可数名词复数”。those替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the可数名词复数”。ones替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。1.another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”，表示“

20、另外的(多少)”。“基数词/fewother复数名词”也表示“另外的(多少)”。Another three students went to that party.Three other students went to that party.另外3个学生去了那个聚会。2no one，none，nobody，nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当not与不定代词all，both，everyone，everybody，everything等或“every名词”连用时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。None of us was going to the party

21、.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。Not all of them smoke.All of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。对点练习1Success is just on the _ side.You have to want it enough，and be willing enough to get it.2Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to _ and are ready to try something else.3Nobo

22、dy likes to talk about death，but the reality iseveryone is going to die at one point，but _ of us know the day，or the hour.4Both teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.5Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present，_ that I have never seen.1As the song goes，this long and winding road “

23、will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does in _(I)(2021新高考全国)2Data about the moons composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether _(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.(2020全国)3It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of _(she)，everything in good taste and in perfect order.(2021浙江6月)4Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.(2018浙江6月)