专题十　主旨要义（专题资料包）.docx

1、专题十主旨要义 专题检测 Passage 1Astronauts on the International Space Station will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United States.The shipment, weighing 3,700 k

2、ilograms,reached the space station on Monday. The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers.American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven and helped with organizing the flight to the space station. Hilton DoubleTree hotels supplied the cookie dou

3、gh(生面团) the astronauts will use.In the past,space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin, flat piece of bread known as flatbread. Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station. Results have been mixed.The

4、cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have a chance to try out freshly baked cookies.Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer for several weeks. Each is in its own individual clear bag made

5、out of silicone. The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177 degrees Celsius. That is twice the temperature of the U.S. and Russian food warmers on the space station. The oven uses electric heating elements.Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks. Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 m

6、inutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163 degrees Celsius. She adds that the smell of baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie comes out of the oven.The ovens first use will be the real test. Without the force of gravity,the astronauts do not know exactly how

7、 the cookie will look. Three of the space-baked cookies are to be returned to Earth for testing.1.Which of the following can best describe the new oven test?A.Time-consuming.B.Energy-saving.C.Meaningless.D.Successful.2.Whats the advantage of the new oven over the Russian food warmer?A.It heats up mu

8、ch faster.B.Its more convenient to use.C.It has a larger cooking space.D.It can heat up to a higher temperature.3.What will make the cookies appearance in the new oven uncertain?A.The baking time.B.The heating method.C.The absence of gravity.D.The speed of the temperature rise.4.What can be a suitab

9、le title for the text?A.Cooking Equipment in Space StationB.Cookies Coming from the International Space StationC.Creative Ways Astronauts Make Food in Space StationD.A New Oven to Be Tested to Make Cookies in Space Station答案语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。主题语境为人与社会。一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射升空。国际空间站的宇航员将很快测试这

10、种可以制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:以下哪一项最能描述对新烤箱的测试?根据第四段(烤饼干是一个缓慢的过程。烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干。测试可能需要数周时间,宇航员才有机会品尝新鲜出炉的饼干)可知答案为A项(耗时的)。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:这款新烤箱和俄国食物加热器相比有什么优点?根据第5段第3、4句(这个烤箱可以将食物加热到177摄氏度。那是美国和俄罗斯空间站上的食物加热器温度的两倍)可知:该烤箱可将食物加热到更高的温度。故答案为D项。3.C细节理解题。 本题题干意为:什么会使在新烤箱里的饼干外观不确定?根据最后一段第2句(没有地心引力,宇航员不知道饼干到底

11、是什么样子)可知答案为C项(缺少地心引力)。4.D主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?本文为新闻报道。根据新闻报道的特点(首段第1句往往是中心句)可知:文章谈论的话题是国际空间站的宇航员将很快测试一种制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。故答案为D项。高级词块1.explore the possibility of 探索的可能性2.try out测试,试验Passage 2The term “telecommuting” refers to a workforce arrangement in which there is no central office where employees g

12、ather and work. Instead, these employees work wherever they can access the people and materials needed to complete their projects and daily tasks. One of the most common locations for telecommuters to work is their own homes. However,with todays advanced technological equipment, employees can work a

13、nywhere. Laptop computers and tablets allow for facile mobility, as do wireless Internet “hot spots”and even smartphones with high-speed Internet connectivity.More employers should consider the advantages of a telecommuting arrangement. It allows employers to hire people who otherwise would not be a

14、vailable. This includes parents with small children, the physically disabled, and people living far from urban centers. Plus, it allows for a more globalized business, since the company can employ people in all parts of the world, regardless of locations or time zones. According to a recent poll, ap

15、proximately one in five workers telecommutes frequently, and nearly 10 percent never set foot in a traditional office. Still, some barriers do exist to more employers adopting a telecommuting work model. Liability insurance and workers compensation in case of accidents can become serious issues, and

16、 all other applicable laws and regulations must be fully investigated. In addition, the long-established way to manage employees has been to observe workers first-hand. Therefore, many companies do not allow full-time telecommuting for fear of a drop in productivity levels.However, most studies find

17、 that frequent face-to-face interactions through video-conferencing, as well as allowing for periods of adjustment to the new work system, are often all that is needed to overcome any obstacles. The advantages of telecommutingeven two or three days a weekfar outweigh any possible disadvantages, and

18、most of the employers concerns about telecommuting are unfounded. They are simply based on ignorance of new hi-tech breakthroughs or on fear of change to the traditional workforce environment. Clearly,employers today should not overlook the option of telecommuting.1.Which of the following best descr

19、ibes the authors attitude toward telecommuting?A.Afraid.B.Enthusiastic.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.2.What is the main point of the second paragraph?A.Virtual offices are not limited to the home.B.Telecommuting reduces rent and electricity costs.C.Telecommuting has numerous benefits.D.Living far fro

20、m urban centers is no longer a problem.3.Why did the author write the passage?A.To describe the technical terms used by telecommuters.B.To criticize the greed of companies that do not allow telecommuting.C.To explain the reasons why some companies do not permit telecommuting.D.To praise the advantag

21、es of telecommuting.4.Which of the following states the authors opinion?A.Companies considering telecommuting should check on legal issues and union rules.B.There are no serious barriers in organizations attempting to adopt telecommuting.C.To make telecommuting common, all companies must adopt video

22、-conferencing.D.Telecommuting should not be allowed for fewer than three days a week.答案语篇解读这是一篇议论文。主题语境为人与社会。作者论证了远程办公的好处,明确阐述了自己的观点,建议今天的雇主们作出远程办公的选择。1.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:以下哪一项最好地描述作者对远程办公的态度?根据文章最后一段最后一句作者对远程办公所得出的结论(显然,今天的雇主不应该忽视远程办公的选择)可知作者对远程办公的态度是支持的。故答案为B项(极感兴趣的)。2.C主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第二段的主题是什么?由第二段第一句(

23、本段的主题句)及后面的支撑句可知本题答案为C项(远程办公有许多好处)。3.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者为什么写这篇文章?根据文章第二段和最后一段可推知作者写此文章的目的是宣传远程办公的好处。故答案为D项。A:描述远程办公者使用的技术术语;B:批评那些不允许远程办公的公司的贪婪;C:解释一些公司不允许远程办公的原因。4.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:下列哪一项陈述了作者的观点?根据文章第三段中“Liability insurance and.all other applicable laws and regulations must be fully investigated.”(事故发生时的

24、责任保险和工人赔偿会成为严重的问题,所有其他适用的法律和法规必须被充分调查)可知答案为A项(考虑远程办公的公司应该检查法律问题和工会规定)。B:在试图采用远程办公的组织中没有严重的障碍;C:为了普及远程办公,所有的公司都必须采用视频会议;D:每周远程办公的时间不应该少于三天。高级词块1.access v. 使用,进入2.allow for考虑到,顾及Passage 3I met David in Oslo in December of 2011, in the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was given jointly that yea

25、r to Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman of Yemen for “their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for womens rights”.I was accompanying Johnson Sirleaf as her long-time advisor. David was the special representative for the Financial Times for the M

26、iddle East and Africa. Soon we became good friends and partners in many projects. David and I shared solicitude for Africa, where he found inspiration on the continent when he first visited in the early 1990s“so much hope and potential,” he would tell me. He chose to travel light. In that way, there

27、 would be no limit when he suddenly decided to take a field trip to a village in Sierra Leone to arrange for seven children to travel to France for surgery.Then David introduced me to his mother, Janet, a Holocaust (大屠杀) survivor, from Nowy Targ, Poland. Janet admired his son so much. But I knew wel

28、l that the pride David created for her came with a self-added burdento make her worthy suffering and sacrifice. This was because my grandmother, Manja Pakter Kroner, was a survivor of Berlin Holocaust, and I too lived to make her proud.In 2014, after two dozen publishers had turned down my book, Dav

29、id agreed to take it on, with his one-man publishing house, Kiwai Media, and his good friend, play writer John Strand, as my editor. The book, Choosing the Hero: My Improbable Journey and the Rise of Africas First Woman President was released in May 2016 and earned high praise.In 2019, David moved b

30、ack to his native New Jersey, where he passed away while shooting baskets with his eldest son. We lost him much too soon, but I take comfort in knowing that his spirit will last forever.1.Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word “solicitude” in Paragraph 2?A.Concern. B.Talent. C.Comment.

31、 D.Expectation.2.What does the author have in common with David?A.They liked travelling around the world.B.They tried to make their families proud.C.They were famous writers in their time.D.They contributed much to womens rights.3.What do we know about the book “Choosing the Hero”?A.It won the Nobel

32、 Literature Prize.B.It gained publishers welcome.C.It was really highly spoken of.D.It was published easily at first.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A Precious Gift to the WorldB.A Significant Life JourneyC.A Remarkable Book ReviewD.A Respectable Close Friend答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了作

33、者和已故好友David相识、相知的过程以及David对自己的帮助和影响,抒发了作者对好友的怀念之情。1.A猜测词义题。本题题干意为:哪一项与第二段画线词“solicitude”意义最接近?根据第二段中“David and I shared solicitude for Africa, where he found inspiration on the continent when he first visited in the early 1990sso much hope and potential, he would tell me.”以及本段最后一句可推断,答案为A项(关心)。2.B细节

34、理解题。本题题干意为:作者与David有什么共同之处?根据第三段中“Janet admired his son so much. But I knew well that the pride David created for her came with a self-added burdento make her worthy suffering and sacrifice. This was because my grandmother, Manja Pakter Kroner, was a survivor of Berlin Holocaust, and I too lived to

35、make her proud.”可知,作者和David都努力让他们的家人感到骄傲。故答案为B项。3.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:关于“Choosing the Hero”那本书我们知道什么?根据第四段中“The book, Choosing the Hero: My Improbable Journey and the Rise of Africas First Woman President was released in May 2016 and earned high praise.”可知,Choosing the Hero这本书受到了高度评价,故答案为C项。4.D主旨要义题。本题题干意

36、为:本文的最佳题目是什么?本文主要介绍了作者和已故好友David相识、相知的过程以及David对自己的帮助和影响,抒发了作者对好友的怀念之情。故A Respectable Close Friend是本文的最佳标题。故答案为D项。高级词块1.travel light轻装旅行2.turn down拒绝(=refuse)3.take comfort in对感到宽慰Passage 4A local grocery store here has been remodelled and not a single one of the changes is good for those of us who

37、shop there. The grocery aisles(通道) have been rearranged with some going in one direction and others going in another. The aisles have been pushed closer together, making it harder to get through them. It seems like all of these changes have been for the purpose of slowing the shoppers down so they w

38、ill make more impulse (冲动)buys. As I walked through the store today, no one was smiling and everyone was unhappy about it.The change that bothered me the most, however, was in the checkout aisles. Only a few cashiers were left working with huge sections changed into self-scanning checkouts. It sadde

39、ned me to see this. I knew that people were probably going to lose their jobs because of this change. I got in a cashier aisle and patiently waited while I saw some other people struggling to figure out how the self-scanning machines worked. I swore at that moment never to use one myself even if I h

40、ad to wait longer every time I shopped there.When I finally arrived at the front of the aisle, I saw the cashier was someone I knew. I greeted her with a smile. She smiled back with warmth and kindness that touched my soul. We chatted happily while she scanned and bagged up my groceries. I felt a fr

41、iendship and a connection with her that warmed my heart. I wished her well before I left.Machines can do a lot for us, but there are many things they cant do. They cant smile or love. Only we can do that. It is time that we should realize that profits arent more important than people and that machin

42、es arent more important than us. It is time that we should learn that loving each other and this world is what life is all about.1.What may account for the stores changes?A.To make more profits.B.To satisfy the shoppers.C.To offer more products.D.To make shopping easier.2.Whats the result of the use

43、 of self-scanning machines according to the author?A.It will attract more customers.B.It has reduced the cashiers burden.C.It has brought shoppers more convenience.D.It will make many people unemployed.3.How did the author feel when he met the cashier?A.Calm.B.Glad.C.Angry.D.Surprised.4.Whats the be

44、st title for the text?A.Machines or Us?B.Why Use Machines?C.Are Changes Necessary?D.How Does the World Change?答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。作者在改造后的商店购物时感到商店里无人化的机器操作让生活缺少温暖和爱,呼吁人们要认识到人比机器更重要。1.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:可能是什么导致了商店的改变?根据第一段中的“It seems like all of these changes have been for the purpose of slowing the sh

45、oppers down so they will make more impulse buys.”以及最后一段的“It is time that we should realize that profits arent more important than people”可推知,商家此举是为了获得更多的利润,故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者认为使用自动扫码机的结果是什么?根据第二段中的“I knew that people were probably going to lose their jobs because of this change.”可知:作者认为商店使用自动

46、扫码机会让很多人失业。故答案为D项。3.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:当作者遇见收银员时,他有什么感觉?根据第三段内容可知:作者在有收银员的队伍排队结账,到结账时发现收银员是熟人,因此他们微笑着打招呼,边结账边聊天,作者觉得很高兴。故答案为B项。4.A主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?通读文章可知,本文主要讲述商店里无人化的机器操作让生活缺少温暖和爱。作者在结账时对自动扫码机的反感和与收银员的交流形成了对比,并在最后一段进一步阐述机器的缺点,呼吁人们应该认识到人比机器更重要。故答案为A项。高级词块1.slow sb. down使某人放慢脚步2.make impulse buys冲动

47、购物Passage 5A robot navigates through the strawberries, detecting ripe ones, picking without bruising and placing them in its basket. It sounds futuristic but it is possible now thanks to Rubion, the strawberry-picking robot. This piece of Belgian innovation is not only an answer to the labor shortag

48、e in the agricultural industry, but also allows growers to increase the quality of its producewhich in the end benefits the consumer.Demographic (人口结构的) and socio-economic numbers show that the labor shortage in the agricultural industry is a fact. But for Octinion the focus is clearly on adding qua

49、lity. “Thanks to robotics, we have so many possibilities, much more than a human could ever do. Harvest prediction, picking according to market needs, simply picking when the berries are ripe instead of when workers are availablethese are just a few examples of what is possible now for a grower,” sa

50、ys Tom Coen, CEO of the Octinion Technology Group. “The consumer will also notice the difference, as strawberries will be fresher and show less bruising.”Introducing robots in an industry where almost everything gets done by hand is more of a revolution than an evolution. It calls for close cooperat

51、ion with all stakeholders (利益相关者). Tom Coen says: “Not only have we been working together with growers and test centers across the world for the past couple of years, but breeders have also been keen on being part of the technological developments.”In 2014 a team of Belgian engineers started the dev

52、elopment of the robot. In the meanwhile, Octinion wasnt the only company presenting a concept. Product Manager Laura Guillaume says its not a surprise that the company from Leuven is the first to actually present a commercial product: “by developing the robot from the beginning, we are able to make

53、it practical in greenhouses or tunnels.” Octinion plans on launching harvesting robots for other crops in the upcoming years.1.What can we know about the robot?A.It can help solve the problem of labor shortage.B.It makes little difference to the quality of the fruits.C.It is developed by a group of

54、Belgian engineers independently.D.It has been put into use around the globe.2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The good news of the robotic picking.B.The advantages of the robotic picking.C.How the robotic picking works.D.Different attitudes to the robotic picking.3.What can we infer from the last

55、 paragraph?A.The robot was introduced to the market in 2014.B.Octinion is the only company putting forward the idea of the robot.C.The robot can be used in any situation.D.Various harvesting robots are on the way.4.What can be the best title for the text? A.How robots pick strawberries. B.Fruits wil

56、l be picked by robots.C.Strawberry-picking robots are presented. D.A new robot was invented.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会。本文介绍了一款可以采摘草莓的机器人。1.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:有关这台机器人,我们可以知道什么?根据第1段第3句“This piece of Belgian innovation is not only an answer to the labor shortage in the agricultural industry, but also.”(比利时的这一创

57、新不仅解决了农业劳动力短缺的问题,而且)可知答案为A项(它有助于解决劳动力短缺问题)。2.B主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第2段主要讲的是什么?根据第2段Octinion技术集团的首席执行官汤姆科恩所说的话,例如:可以预测收成,根据市场需求采摘,在草莓成熟时采摘,草莓会更新鲜、更少损伤等可知本段主要讲的是机器人采摘的优点,故答案为B项。3.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们可以推断出什么?根据最后一段最后一句(Octinion计划在未来几年推出其他农作物的收割机器人)可知答案为D项(各种收割机器人即将面世)。4.C主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?本文是围绕草莓采摘机器人面世

58、这一主题展开的,故答案为C项。高级词块1.futuristic adj.未来派的2.labor shortage劳动力短缺Passage 6The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smokey the Bears famous warning: “Remember, only YOU can prevent forest fires”. How

59、ever, thats not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly availabl

60、e foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the pine snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard put it, “One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from fire-type pine forests. Within a few years most forests are choked

61、 up with bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and proper cover.”If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see? Pine needles, cones, leaves, branches might come to mindall sources of fuel. If the

62、se fuel sources build up without any type of removal, the “fuel load” can lead to fires catastrophic to forests and people alike. In contrast, prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level. They can also minimize

63、 the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants.Many organizations and agencies work to promote fire on the landsca

64、pe when and where appropriate. Smokey Bear even has an updated warning: “Only You can Prevent Wildfires”, as the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and procedures to include prescribed fire as a management tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildf

65、ires.1.Why did the author mention Smokey the Bears warning?A.To introduce the topic of the passage.B.To clarify a misunderstood concept.C.To show the significance of fire prevention.D.To raise peoples awareness of forest protection.2.What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard?A.Forest bush

66、es.B.Fuel sources.C.Pine forests.D.Periodic burning.3.What is the purpose of prescribed fire?A.To put out wildfires.B.To keep the forest balance.C.To remove tree and plant species.D.To keep the fuel rich in the forest.4.What might be the best title for the passage?A.One Match Can Start a Forest Fire

67、B.Where There Is Smoke There Is a FireC.Not All Forest Fires Are Created EqualD.Why Not Keep the Forest Fire Burning答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与环境。文章介绍了不是所有的森林火灾都是一样的。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的However, thats not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many e

68、nvironmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires.可知,作者提到了这个警告,是为了介绍文章的主题。故选A。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation and can no longer support birds dependent on periodic burning for their food supply and p

69、roper cover.可知,Herbert Stoddard说,定期燃烧对鸟类有益。故选D。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的In contrast, prescribed fire can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at an appropriate and manageable level.可知,这样做是为了保持森林的平衡。故选B。4.C主旨要义题。根据第一段中的The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest

70、fires, believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest.和fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires可知,应选C。Passage 7Loneliness is a widespread problem with complex roots.There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most peop

71、les attention has been on COVID-19. The lockdown has worsened a problem that has been spreading in many developed nations for decades: loneliness.It is a complex issue which covers not only social lives, but the way you work and the way you vote. Noreena Hertz, an academic, deals with the subject in

72、 an important new book, “The Lonely Century”. Loneliness increases the risk of heart disease, strokes and dementia(痴呆症). Those who say they are lonely are likelier to be depressed five years later. In addition, lonely people can become more hostile towards others and more attracted to extremist poli

73、tics.Part of the problem stems from contemporary employment. Globally, two in five office workers feel lonely at work. This rises to three in five in Britain. Gig-economy(零工经济) jobs can leave people with insecure incomes and without the companionship of colleagues. The pandemic has made it more diff

74、icult to make, and maintain friendships, particularly for new employees.Ms. Hertz points her finger at other recent developments. One of them is social media. The internet has led to much cyber-bullying (although it has also been a source of companionship during the lockdown). And people glued to th

75、eir smartphones spend less time interacting socially.Some changes in behavior are caused by individual choice. Before the pandemic no one was stopped from going to church or taking part in sports. They simply preferred to do other things. American fathers spend three times as much time with their ch

76、ildren as they did in the 1960s. That is surely a welcome development.So recreating a communal society may be difficult. When the pandemic ends, people may enjoy the chance to be with their neighbors and colleagues for a while. But the trend is clear. Technology means that people can get their enter

77、tainment at home, and work there, too. It is convenient but it also leads to loneliness.1.What does the underlined phrase “a quiet pandemic” refer to in the second paragraph?A.COVID-19.B.Loneliness.C.The lockdown.D.A complex issue.2.Why is the new book mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.To show the seriousn

78、ess of loneliness.B.To advertise a new book.C.To give an example of loneliness.D.To introduce what to be discussed.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the trend of loneliness?A.Contemporary employment.B.Social media.C.Individual choice.D.Extremist politics.4.Which of the following

79、 is the best title for the text?A.Loneliness: Good or Not?B.A Common DiseaseC.Loneliness: A Clear TrendD.Pandemic and Loneliness答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章介绍了孤独是一个有着复杂根源的普遍问题,并分析了孤独的趋势的原因,还指出技术令人走向孤独。1.B猜测词义题。根据第二段中的The lockdown has worsened a problem that has been spreading in many deve

80、loped nations for decades: loneliness.可知,这里画线短语指的就是孤独。故选B。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段第一句说孤独是一个复杂的问题以及后文说到孤独带来的不良后果可知,文中引用这本书是为了说明孤独的严重性。故选A。3.D 细节理解题。从文中能明确找到A(Para 4)、B(Para 5)、C(Para 6)是孤独的趋势的原因,而根据第三段中的In addition, lonely people can become more hostile towards others and more attracted to extremist politics.可

81、知,被极端主义政治吸引是孤独的表现,而非原因。故选D。4.C主旨要义题。从本文结构来看,文章开篇提出“孤独是一个有着复杂根源的普遍问题”这一话题,随后介绍了孤独的表现,四、五、六三段分析了孤独的趋势的原因,最后一段指出技术给人们提供了在家娱乐和工作的方便,也让人走向孤独。综合全文,C的表述最为贴切。故选C。Passage 8Emma Li spent almost three years on Chinas “996 schedule”: working from nine in the morning to nine in the evening, six days a week. “I w

82、as deprived of all my personal life,” said she. Usually, she had a small window to eat, shower and go to bedbut she sacrificed sleep to regain some personal time. Often, Li would stay up surfing the internet, reading the news and watching online videos until well after midnight.What Li was doing is

83、“revenge bedtime procrastination” (RBP). The phrase spread rapidly on Twitter in June after a post by journalist Daphne K Lee. She described the phenomenon as when “people who dont have much control over their daytime life refuse to sleep early in order to regain some sense of freedom during late-ni

84、ght hours”.Psychology may explain the reason why people would choose to regain this leisure time even at the expense of sleep. A growing body of evidence points to the importance of time away from work pressure. “One of the most important parts of recovery from work is sleep. However, sleep is affec

85、ted by how well we separate ourselves from stress,” says Sheffield Universitys Kelly. Its important, she explains, to have a rest when we can be mentally distanced from work, which would explain why people are willing to sacrifice sleep for post-work leisure.In fact, experts have long warned that in

86、sufficient sleep is an ignored global public-health epidemic(流行病). A 2019 survey showed that 62% of adults worldwide feel they dont get enough sleep. People mentioned various reasons for this lack, including stress and their sleeping environment, but 37% blamed their heavy work or school schedule. L

87、ong hours at the office aside, another part of the problem is that modern working patterns mean people find it harder to draw boundaries between work and home.1.Why does the author mention the example of Emma Li in the first paragraph?A.To make comparisons.B.To introduce the topic.C.To support her a

88、rgument.D.To provide examples.2.Which of the following is the cause of the “RBP”?A.The intention of refreshing oneself.B.The desire to get rid of work stress.C.The unwillingness to sleep early.D.The lack of sleeping environment.3.What can be the best title of the passage?A.The Psychology behind the

89、“RBP”B.The Harmful Effects of the “RBP”C.The Insufficient Sleep of AdultsD.The Popularity of “996 Schedule”答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为健康的生活方式。文章由Emma Li的事例引出“报复性熬夜”的话题,并从心理学角度分析了“报复性熬夜”背后的原因。1.B推理判断题。文章开篇提出Emma Li熬夜的例子,第二段马上提到RBP,即本文的话题。所以Emma Li的例子是为了引出这个话题。故选B。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的A growing body of

90、evidence points to the importance of time away from work pressure.可知,应选B。3.A主旨要义题。第一段用Emma Li的例子引出话题RBP。第二段解释了何为RBP。第三、四两段从心理学角度分析了这种现象背后的原因。由此可知,A的表述最贴切。故选A。Passage 9Yaniza Dor was born and raised in New York City in a bilingual (双语的) family. Her mother is a native Spanish speaker, and her fathers

91、native language is English. She has loved singing since she was a little girl.In 2013, when Yaniza was in college, she began posting weekly YouTube covers(翻唱) of songs and performing live in New York. Initially her covers were in English, but over time, she began to sing in Spanish as well, combinin

92、g her love of music with her bilingual abilities. She says singing in Spanish has helped her stand out on YouTube and reach wider audiences than before.In addition to covers, Yaniza has written and recorded a number of original songs, primarily in English. But this year, she took her identity as a b

93、ilingual singer to the next level by writing her first original song in Spanglish,“Contigo”. The song mixes English and Spanish lyrics(歌词) into each other, creating a unique and distinctive Spanglish song. The songwriting process involved musical inspiration mixed with thoughtful language skills. Th

94、is may sound like an impossible task, but Yaniza says it came naturally to her.For original songs, one challenge is making sure the Spanish lyrics dont unintentionally cause offence to anyone. Yaniza is careful to make sure shes saying things appropriately. Regardless of the challenge, Yaniza finds

95、being a bilingual singer and a musician in general extremely rewarding, even though she has to face both the positives and negatives of online comments.“Im always confused when people say mean things. How could they say that?” Yaniza says. “But Im also blown away when people say really kind things.

96、They dont know me at all, but theyre leaving such nice comments.”1.What happened after Yaniza started to sing in Spanish?A.Her audiences were growing.B.She became famous overnight.C.She was asked to post more covers.D.Her language abilities were recognized.2.What do we know about “Contigo”?A.It is Y

97、anizas first original song.B.It proves Yanizas gift for singing.C.It is inspired by a bilingual singer.D.It combines two different languages.3.What does Yaniza mainly talk about in the last paragraph?A.Her doubts about being a singer.B.Her feelings about online comments.C.Her understanding of biling

98、ual music.D.Her attitude to songwriting challenges.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,丰富自我,完善自我。文章讲述了出生于双语家庭的纽约姑娘Yaniza Dor爱好唱歌,她利用自己的双语优势收获很多粉丝的故事。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She says singing in Spanish has helped her stand out on YouTube and reach wider audiences than before.可知,她的西班牙歌曲帮助她脱颖而出,观众比以前更多了。故选A。2.

99、D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中The song mixes English and Spanish lyrics(歌词) into each other, creating a unique and distinctive Spanglish song.可知,这首歌融合了英语和西班牙语。故选D。3.B主旨要义题。根据最后一段的内容可知,Yaniza主要在谈论人们在网上对她音乐的评价及自己对各种评价的感受。故选B。长难句原句:Regardless of the challenge, Yaniza finds being a bilingual singer and a musician in g

100、eneral extremely rewarding, even though she has to face both the positives and negatives of online comments.分析:此句中包含一个由even though引导的让步状语从句和一个find+sth.+adj.的结构。译文:不管挑战如何,Yaniza发现作为一个双语歌手和音乐人通常是非常值得的,尽管她必须面对网上评论的积极影响和负面影响。 Passage 10With bold colors, sharp lines and surreal (超现实主义的) scenes, street ar

101、t from Brazil brings a different cultural feast to the audience in Shanghai this winter.Two famous Brazilian street artists, twin brothers Gustavo Pandolfo and Otavio Pandolfo,opened their exhibition at the Shanghai Fosun Foundation on the last day of 2020. Titled “You Are My Guest”, the show will l

102、ast till Feb. 26.“It was difficult to put this show together when the whole world had to stop because of the pandemic,” Otavio Pandolfo told Xinhua during an online interview. Due to COVID-19, the two artists could not personally present their work in Shanghai, nor could they participate in the exhi

103、bitions offline planning and preparations. However, they created a network with staff members from the Fosun Foundation in Shanghai via e-mails and video links.After months of online communication and arrangements, they managed to send over 200 art pieces to Shanghai. “We try to find the best way to

104、 share our works with all the guests that visit the show,” he said.Popular around the world, they have held and participated in exhibitions in countries including the United States, Portugal and Finland. “You Are My Guest is an invitation for everyone to jump inside our imagination, and we like to s

105、hare this with everybody,” he said, adding that the exhibits were presented in a multi-media way, including large-scale paintings and sound pieces.Born and living in Sao Paulo, they infuse(注入) their works with Brazilian cultural elements, such as local folk stories, hip hop music and breakdancing, a

106、nd hope the exhibition would give Chinese audiences a glimpse of Brazilian culture. “It was a difficult year for everyone in many different ways,” said Gustavo Pandolfo. “We hope that with this exhibition we can bring some hope, energy and light, and people can think of something colorful, fun, happ

107、y and with love.”1.What can we learn about the exhibition?A.It will last about a month.B.It was hardly influenced by the pandemic.C.Visitors can jump inside the large-scale painting.D.The two artists couldnt get involved in its preparations in person.2.Why do the artists infuse their works with Braz

108、ilian cultural elements?A.To share their works with Chinese audiences.B.To bring hope, energy and light to peoples life.C.To help Chinese audiences understand Brazilian culture.D.To make people think of something colorful and delightful.3.What is the text?A.A story of two artists.B.An exhibition rev

109、iew.C.An introduction to an exhibition.D.An advertisement for an exhibition.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为绘画领域的代表性作品和人物。文章讲述了巴西的双胞胎艺术家在上海举办名为“你是我的客人”的艺术展,让中国观众通过参展了解巴西文化的故事。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Due to COVID-19, the two artists could not personally present their work in Shanghai, nor could they participa

110、te in the exhibitions offline planning and preparations.可知,这两位艺术家没能亲自参加准备工作。故选D。2.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的and hope the exhibition would give Chinese audiences a glimpse of Brazilian culture可知,他们在作品中注入巴西文化元素是想让中国观众了解巴西文化。故选C。3.C主旨要义题。根据整篇文章可知,文章主要讲两位巴西艺术家在上海的展览。故选C。Passage 11Automakers around the world, fro

111、m Japan to Texas, are struggling with a global shortage of computer chips. Volkswagen sounded the alarm about the growing problem last month. Now more automakers are reporting problems that are trimming production plans based on their supply of semiconductors(半导体). Semiconductors are at the heart of

112、 our phones and computers, but theyre critical components for new cars, tooand not just in fancy touch screens. “Theyre controlling the engine and the emissions and even in the switches for raising and lowering your windows,” says Kristin Dziczek, the vice president at the Center for Automotive Rese

113、arch.Last year, when auto manufacturing was suspended for the pandemic, everyone predicted a prolonged slowdown in car sales. The global semiconductor industry planned accordingly, and arranged to sell more computer chips to other buyers. But then, much to everyones surprise, shoppers were still eag

114、er to buy new cars. As soon as they reopened, plants resumed normal production at a remarkable speed.At the same time, demand for chips from other sectorslike consumer electronicswas also increasing. “Every school district in the country had to buy new computers,” Dziczek says.For car shoppers, this

115、 could mean some vehicle models are harder to find for the next few months. So far, the consequences have been uneven among automakers. Ford and Fiat Chrysler have entire plants on pause, while General Motors says its manufacturing operations have not been affected, and Toyota does not expect any im

116、pact on employment. The United Auto Workers, which represents factory workers at Ford, GM and Fiat Chrysler plants, notes that its contracts include “unemployment and supplemental pay” for workers affected by production downtime.1.In what ways can semiconductors not be applied in cars?A.In the engin

117、e system.B.In fancy touch screens.C.In the emission system.D.In the switches of car doors.2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Itll be harder for shoppers to find a dream car.B.The contracts are not beneficial to the workers.C.Toyota is expected to face the employment problem.D.All the auto

118、makers have paused the entire plants.3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.A Dream Car Is Not a DreamB.The Growing Popularity of SemiconductorC.Semiconductor Wont Hurt Chip ProductionD.Auto Production Disturbed by Chip Shortages答案语篇解读本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章讲述了疫情期间,许多汽车制

119、造商面临着汽车芯片短缺的困境。汽车购买者对车的购买欲并没有减退,因此许多汽车制造商都出台应对措施,保障工人权益,保证生产供应。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的and not just in fancy touch screens和Theyre controlling the engine and the emissions and even in the switches for raising and lowering your windows可知,并未提及门的开关。故选D。2.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的For car shoppers, this could mean some v

120、ehicle models are harder to find for the next few months.可知,购车者短期内可能更难买到某些想要的车型。故选A。3.D主旨要义题。根据全文可知,文章讲述的是在疫情期间,由于半导体芯片短缺,汽车生产受到影响的情况。故选D。Passage 12Even though it is just a few years old, the comic strip (连环漫画), Cul de Sac, has already won many fans through its characters. So when cartoonist, Richar

121、d Thompson, announced that he had been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease (帕金森病), his fans sat up and took notice.One of the fans was Chris Sparks, a designer and web developer in North Carolina. Sparks was building a website for Thompson when the cartoonist announced his disease. He started reading

122、more about Parkinsons disease through books and websites. There he found that people could form public fund-raising teams to raise money for Parkinsons disease research. He quickly decided to form his own team: Team Cul de Sac.However, Sparks decided to take a different path. He has contacted dozens

123、 of cartoonists around the world, who will contribute artworks inspired by the Cul de Sac strip. Thompsons publisher, Andrews Mcmeel, has agreed to release them in a book next year. Some of the profits from the book will go to the research. And after the book is released, the artworks will be auctio

124、ned (拍卖) off. All profits will go to the research team. The aim is to raise $450,000 for the foundation. “Weve already had around 80 people who say they are interested in contributing,” says Sparks.Although many people with Parkinsons disease are secret about their condition, Thompson is not one of

125、them. Hes happy to put his support behind the project. “I think we can make a difference,” says Sparks, who points out that his love of comics inspired him. “Ive been reading comics since I was 5 years old, and most of the cartoonists Ive met have been wonderful human beings,” he says. “Theyve made

126、a difference in my life, and I hope to make a difference as well.”1.What is the passage mainly about?A.The influence of cartoonist Richard Thompson.B.Great achievements made in the comic strip field.C.Progress made in the study of Parkinsons disease.D.Chris Sparks contributions to Parkinsons disease

127、 research.2.Chris Sparks took a different path to raise fund by .A.building a website for ThompsonB.releasing a new book by ThompsonC.forming a research team for Parkinsons diseaseD.auctioning off artworks inspired by Thompsons strip3.What can be learned from the passage?A.Thompson kept his disease

128、secret from his fans.B.Sparks became Thompsons fan when he was 5.C.Sparks love of comics contributed to his action.D.Cartoonists raised $450,000 for Team Cul de Sac.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章讲述了漫画家Thompson得了帕金森病,他的粉丝Sparks为了帕金森病的研究而通过独特的方式集资的故事。1.D主旨要义题。根据全文结构可知,第一段讲漫画家Thompson得了帕金森病,他的

129、粉丝们开始关注。第二段讲他的一个名为Sparks的粉丝通过成立集资队、建网站等支持帕金森病的研究。第三段讲Sparks的独特集资方式。第四段讲Sparks为偶像集资的原因。文章主要讲了Sparks为帕金森病的研究而集资的故事。故选D。2.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知,他联系了许多漫画家捐赠作品,他们的作品受到Thompson的连环漫画的启发。Thompson的出版商会将这些作品集结成书出版。这本书出版后将进行拍卖。故选D。3.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“I think we can make a difference,” says Sparks, who points out th

130、at his love of comics inspired him.可知,是Sparks对于漫画的热爱激励着他为别人做点贡献。故选C。Passage 13A team from Northwestern University has developed a soft, skin-interfaced sensor that can analyze the molecular (分子的) composition of sweat for things like cortisol, blood sugar, and vitamin C, sending the data to the weare

131、rs smartphone. This data, the researchers hope, will allow people to better control their stress levels throughout the day.Cortisol, also called the stress hormone, can be measured in a persons sweat.Released from the adrenal glands (肾上腺), it can be a powerful performance enhancerincreasing energy p

132、roduction and glucose (葡萄糖) availability for the muscles during a “fight or flight” situation, for instance being attacked by a lion. However, cortisol can also be released because of modern stressors such as money problems, issues at work, and other day-to-day worries that if built up over time, cr

133、eate chronic anxiety and can lead to an increased risk of diabetes, depression, high blood pressure and obesity.When someone who wears the chip sweats, the liquid runs through small channels into a series of chemical test sensors that look for different biological signals which could suggest a rise

134、in cortisol.Previous attempts in years past at creating devices like this were limited by the need to take sweat samples to laboratories for analysis, removing any ability for the individual to act on the data in a way that might prevent build-up of stressful feelings, or even an anxiety attack.Such

135、 a device could be paramount in helping people relieve depressive or stressful feelings (not least because exercising hard enough to cause sweat helps with anxiety on its own).Furthermore, the percent of the population of American adults with regular feelings of worry, nervousness, or anxiety is aro

136、und 11.2%, while there are nearly 60 million doctors visits where mental or behavioral health is the chief concern. Putting power into patients handsin the form of a detailed diagnosis of cortisol levels, could help significantly to lower those numbers.1.Whats the function of the newly developed sen

137、sor?A.To examine the component of sweat.B.To show when one lacks vitamins.C.To connect wearable devices to smartphones.D.To control peoples stress levels.2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.What may create the profile of chronic anxiety.B.What may cause the release of the stress hormone.C.How corti

138、sol can enhance ones energy production.D.How cortisol can be measured in a persons sweat.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word?A.Significant.B.Useless.C.Accessible.D.Weak.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A product review.B.A guidebook.C.A science magazine.D.A science fictio

139、n story.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章主要介绍了西北大学的一个研究小组开发了一种传感器,可以分析汗液的分子组成,并将数据发送到佩戴者的智能手机。研究人员希望,这些数据能帮助人们更好地控制一整天的压力水平。1.A 细节理解题。根据the function of the newly developed sensor可定位到第一段。根据.can analyze the molecular (分子的) composition of sweat for things like cortisol, blood sugar, and vitamin

140、C, sending the data to the wearers smartphone可知,这种新的传感器可以检测汗液的成分。故选A项。2.B 主旨要义题。本段第一句话首先指出皮质醇可以在一个人的汗液中测量,然后通过举例的方式说明了在哪些情形下人体可以释放皮质醇,由此可知,本段主要介绍了是什么导致这种应激激素的释放。故选B项。3.A 推测词义题。根据helping people relieve depressive or stressful feelings和语境可知这种装置在帮助人们缓解抑郁或紧张情绪方面起到正面和积极的作用。故选A项。useless无用的;accessible可接近的,

141、易使用的;weak虚弱的。4.C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一种新研发的可以检查汗液成分,从而让人们可以更好地控制压力水平的传感器,属于科普类文章,故选C项。Passage 14Britains streets are becoming increasingly crowded with throwaway facemasks and protective gloves, a survey has found, and councils warn that they are battling with a mountain of personal protective equipment (P

142、PE) litter.Four in ten councils have identified throwaway masks, gloves and other forms of PPE as a problem in their area, and warned that it could pose an infection risk.The District Councils Network (DCN)represents about 180 regional authorities, covering waste collection for 22 million people. “A

143、s well as being potentially dangerous for pets and wildlife, there is a risk that they could spread infection,” it said. “The World Health Organization has warned that appropriate handling is essential to avoid any increase in the spread of disease.”Councils are already struggling with waste collect

144、ion during the pandemic as residents are creating more rubbish while spending longer periods at home. The DCN said some weeks this summer had been like “Christmas collections”, referring to the larger amounts of rubbish over the festive period.Dan Humphreys, the DCNs chief for enhancing quality of l

145、ife, said, “Facemasks, gloves and other forms of PPE are designed to protect people but poor handling risks doing the opposite. We would remind residents to think about how they deal with their waste.”Scientists, however, have warned that even if masks are dealt with properly, 124,000 tons of single

146、-use facemasks could end up in landfills if people do not switch to reusable coverings.1.What is the DCNs attitude towards PPE litter?A.Worried.B.Tolerant.C.Skeptical.D.Approving.2.Why is “Christmas collections” mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To recall the festival.B.To admire the atmosphere.C.To advoca

147、te the collection.D.To criticize the phenomenon.3.What can we infer from the scientists warning?A.It is better to produce multiple-use equipment.B.It is better to use reusable equipment.C.More rubbish will be produced.D.More landfills will be built.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The benefits of w

148、earing facemasks.B.The ways of dealing with rubbish.C.The problem of handling PPE litter.D.The importance of protecting individuals.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。一项调查发现,英国街道上的一次性口罩和防护手套越来越多,很多地方议会正在应对堆积如山的个人防护装备(PPE)垃圾。科学家认为使用可重复使用的装备更好。1.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“As well as being potentially dangerous

149、for pets and wildlife, there is a risk that they could spread infection”可推知,DCN对PPE垃圾持担忧态度。故选A项。tolerant宽容的,容忍的;skeptical怀疑的;approving赞成的,同意的。2.D 推理判断题。作者以“圣诞节收运”做类比说明了在大流行病期间家庭垃圾的巨大数量,由此推断提到“圣诞收运”是为了批评这一现象。故选D项。3.B 推理判断题。由“the scientists warning”可定位到最后一段。根据“Scientists, however, have warned that eve

150、n if masks are dealt with properly, 124,000 tons of single-use facemasks could end up in landfills if people do not switch to reusable coverings”可知,使用可重复使用的装备更好。故选B项。4.C 主旨要义题。第一段为文章的主旨段,根据“they are battling with a mountain of personal protective equipment (PPE) litter”可知,文章的主要内容是处理PPE垃圾的问题。故选C项。Pas

151、sage 15Margaret Mead, one of the most famous anthropologists(人类学家)in the world,was born in the USA in 1901, the oldest of five children.Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist. After studying psychology as an undergraduate, Mead took a PhD in the relatively new field o

152、f anthropology.Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.Having travelled to Samoa, a few tiny volcanic isl

153、ands in the center of the Pacific Ocean,Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones.For example,Americans tend to think of men as productive,sensible and aggressive,while women are often told theyre more ligh

154、t-hearted and peaceful. But Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe, both men and women were peaceful, while in another tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.Meads striking conclusion is that it isnt gender that makes women curl their hair or l

155、isten to peoples feelings,or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors.Rather,its the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individuals psychological makeup. “We must recognize,” she reminded her readers, “that beneath the superficial(表面上的)classific

156、ations of sex and race,the same potentialities always exist,occurring again generation after generation,only to perish because society has no place for them.” She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century.People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Me

157、ad in 1978.A year later,the president of the United States,Jimmy Carter,honored the social scientist with Americas highest award for civilians.1.What can we learn about Mead from the text?A.She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.B.She majored in psychology and anthropology as an un

158、dergraduate.C.She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world.D.She discovered modern societies were less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.2.It can be inferred from Meads study in tribes that. A.the world is filled with separate culturesB.no gender

159、characteristics are ever simply “human nature”C.knowing another culture will help us reflect on our ownD.social standards are responsible for individuals development3.What does the underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refer to?A.Shared potential among humans.B.Classifications of gender and

160、race.C.Social expectations and norms.D.Each individuals psychological makeup.4.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The difference between men and women.B.The recommendation of Meads book.C.The introduction about a great anthropologist.D.The groundwork for each individuals makeup.答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社

161、会,主题语境内容为对社会有突出贡献的人物。文章主要介绍了著名的人类学家玛格丽特米德的主要成就及影响。1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as laboratories that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember”可确定答案为C。2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Meads striking conclusion is that it isnt

162、 gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to peoples feelings, or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors.”可知作者认为性别特征不是人类的天性。故选B项。3.A 推测词义题。根据第三段的“the same potentialities always exist, occurring again generation after generation, only to perish because society has no p

163、lace for them(同样的潜力永远存在,一代又一代地重复出现,只是因为社会没有它们的位置才消失)”,可以看出them指代上文的the same potentialities,即shared potential among humans。故选A。4.C 主旨要义题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了玛格丽特米德的家庭成员、专业、成就及影响。故选C项。长难句Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “

164、laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.米德对原始社区特别感兴趣,因为她认为这种孤立的文化可以作为“实验室”,揭示现代世界已经忘记但需要记住的生活方式。本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为:Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities。句中beause引导原因状语从句;在原因状语从句中第一个that引导动词believed的宾语从句;后面两个that

165、引导定语从句。Passage 16A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that non-human animals tears are not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species tearsand how theyre adapted to their enviro

166、nmentsmay provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease.Previously, scientists had studied closely only the tears of a handful of mammals, including humans, dogs, horses, camels, and monkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the f

167、irst time, focusing on seven species.Tears, which are released from the tear glands, form a film over the eye that is composed of three ingredients: mucus, water, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural saline solution(盐溶液) containing

168、 crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out.Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears; the expression “crocodile tears,” which refers to a persons phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they e

169、at.But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebbag at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide nutrition to the cornea, the eyes clear outer layer,

170、which lacks blood vessels(血管), he says.Learning how reptiles and birds use tears may also inspire new medications for conditions such as dry eye, which occurs when the tear glands dont produce enough oil. The disease, common in cats, dogs, and people, can sometimes lead to blindness.1.What is paragr

171、aph 3 mainly about?A.The source of tears.B.The composition of tears.C.The classification of tears.D.The definition of tears.2.What does the underlined word “phony” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Tricky.B.Regretful.C.Cold.D.False.3.Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with?A.Weeping contributes to eye dis

172、ease.B.The cornea has rich blood vessels.C.Tears oil and clear the eyes.D.More tears mean better vision.4.What might be the best title for the text?A.Tears, a barrier to eyesB.A better treatment for eye diseaseC.Non-human tears promise new curesD.Other species tears are similar to humans答案语篇解读本文是一篇说

173、明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。一项新研究表明,其他动物的眼泪与人类的眼泪并没有太大不同,实际上其他动物眼泪的组成为治愈人类的一些眼病提供了思路。1.B 主旨要义题。第三段主旨句为第一句。由此可知,第三段主要讲了眼泪的成分。故选B项。2.D 推测词义题。根据画线单词下文“display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat”可知,鳄鱼进食的时候会流泪,所以“鳄鱼的眼泪”指的是一个人虚假的情感表达。即画线词意思是“虚假的”。故选D项。3

174、.C 细节理解题。根据“Lionel Sebbag”可定位于第五段。根据“They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the eye(它们通过润滑和清洁眼睛来帮助视力)”可知,C选项“眼泪可以润滑和清洁眼睛”与Lionel Sebbag的观点一致。故选C项。4.C 主旨要义题。文章第一段为主旨段,根据“The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species tearsand how theyre adapted to th

175、eir environmentsmay provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease.”可知,文章主要介绍的是其他动物的眼泪为治疗人类眼病提供了思路,故选C项。Passage 17Google has announced plans to stop supporting tools designed to follow Internet users across the Web in order to target them with specific advertising.Such tools are known

176、 as cookiessmall data files that are stored on an Internet users computer as they browse(浏览)different websites. This data can be read by web servers to identify web browsing behaviors of the user. Cookies make it possible for users to avoid having to repeatedly enter their user names and passwords t

177、o get access to websites they use often. But the use of cookies raises major privacy concerns, with critics saying a users browsing history should not be recorded just to target them with ads.Google announced in 2020 it had decided “to remove support for third-party cookies” from its Chrome browser.

178、 In another online announcement, Google repeated this promise, saying it will not build new tools to replace current cookie technology.In explaining its decision, Google referred to a Pew Research study that found 72 percent of Americans feel that almost all of what they do online is tracked by adve

179、rtisers. Googles decision to remove third-party cookies also followed increasing efforts to protect privacy in Europe and the United States. Google said the current Internet advertising model needs to change to answer “the growing concerns people have about their privacy and how their personal ident

180、ity is being used.”In January, however, Googles plan was questioned by British competition regulators. The countrys Competition and Markets Authority announced it had launched an investigation into whether the changes would give Google an unfair advantage over competitors in Internet advertising. Th

181、e agency said it received objections to the plan from Marketers for an Open Web, a league of technology and publishing companies. The group accuses Google of “abusing its dominant position” by attempting to create a new advertising model.In its latest statement, Google said, “We will not build alter

182、nate identifiers to track individuals as they browse across the Web, nor will we use them in our products.”1.According to the text, what do you know about cookies?A.Cookies are inconvenient for web users.B.The users should repeat their passwords to enter websites.C.Google uses cookies to monitor the

183、 web users private life.D.The tracks of the web users can be followed by the web servers.2.Why did Google make the decision?A.To use an alternative tool.B.To get more personal information.C.To respond to concerns about privacy.D.To create a fair Internet advertising platform.3.What does the investig

184、ation show us?A.It was organized by an agency of the US. B.All people dont accept Googles plan.C.Google has the biggest advantages on the Internet.D.Marketers for an Open Web is in favor of Googles plan.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Privacy should be protected.B.Google will change the advertisin

185、g model.C.There should not be many advertisements on the Web.D.Cookies will be removed from Google for privacy protection.答案语篇解读本文是新闻报道,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章介绍了Google将停止支持能识别用户网络浏览行为的cookie,并解释了原因。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中This data can be read by web servers to identify web browsing behaviors of the user可

186、知,cookie可以帮助网络服务器跟踪用户的网络行为。故选D项。2.C细节理解题。根据第四段中Googles decision to remove third-party cookies also followed increasing efforts to protect privacy in Europe and the United States可知,谷歌这样做的原因是回应用户对隐私的担忧,故选C项。3.B细节理解题。根据第五段中The agency said it received objections to the plan from Marketers for an Open We

187、b, a league of technology and publishing companies可知,谷歌的这一计划受到一些公司的质疑和反对,即不是所有人都接受谷歌的这一计划。故选B项。4.D主旨要义题。本文是一篇新闻报道,首段Google has announced plans to stop supporting tools designed to follow Internet users across the Web in order to target them with specific advertising.即全文的主题句,后文具体说明了要停止支持的是cookie和停止支持

188、的原因是保护隐私。故选D项。Passage 18Sports fandom is about more than just entertainment.It can boost your self-esteem(自尊) and make you happierand you dont have to root for the winning team to gain the benefits.Being a sports fan is a “very psychologically healthy activity,” says Daniel Wann, professor at Murray

189、 State University whose research program centres on the psychology of sports fandom.Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging, he says.These relationships are significant:People who are identified as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem, an

190、d lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who arent interested in sports, Wann says.Fans tend to have more access to social support, help and resources as well.Research suggests that when people have support from their communities, they have better

191、 health.Beyond bonding, fans get to enjoy the psychological benefits of winning, even if they have nothing to do with the players or games, says Stephen Reysen, associate professor at Texas A&M University-Commerce who studies identity and fandom.“Individuals feel that the fan interest (in this case

192、a sports team) is a part of them,” Reysen says.“So when the team is winning, you feel like you are winning even though you are not a player.”Of course, teams sometimes lose.So, why do people continue to put their faith behind teams that tend to lose? People who feel a strong psychological connection

193、 to a team are more likely to root for a team when theyre having a losing season, Reysen says.“Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game,” Wann says.For example, if a pizza restaurant continually got your order wrong, youd likely switch to a more reliable one.But because being a fan

194、 is so central to peoples identities, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.Being part of a fan community can also help people cope with losses.A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing

195、.“For fans of the losing team, sharing the pain may have protected them from losing self-esteem,” Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, co-author of the study and professor of communication at the Ohio State University said in a release.1.According to the passage, why do sports fans feel happier?A.Because the

196、y could gain the benefits from the winning team.B.Because they can share pains and happiness with people who have the common interests.C.Because they could have a low level of self-esteem.D.Because most of them are optimistic.2.What is the significance of the relationships between sports fans?A.Spor

197、ts fans have support from their favorite teams.B.Sports fans have higher levels of loneliness.C.Sports fans are likely more content with their lives.D.Sports fans tend to compare themselves to those who arent interested in sports.3.According to the passage, if the team has a losing season, the sport

198、s fans may.A.display their identitiesB.have a boost of self-esteemC.not support the team any moreD.have a negative psychology period4.According to the passage, what can help sports fans deal with losses of their team?A.Being part of the team.B.Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant.C.Sharing the

199、 pain with family members.D.The loyalty to the team.5.What is the passage mainly about?A.Sports fans have a closer relationship with other like-minded people.B.Sports fans have higher self-esteem and are more satisfied with their lives.C.Sports fans always put their faith behind their favorite teams

200、. D.Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game.答案语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为体育与健康。本文讨论了如果一个人是体育迷,可能活得更有自尊,更加幸福。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging(粉丝圈将我们与其他志同道合的人联系在一起,这满足了我们人类的归属感需求),可知B(因为他们可以和有共同兴趣的人分享痛

201、苦和快乐)正确。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的People who are identified as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem, and lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who arent interested in sports,Wann says.(瓦恩说,与那些对运动不感兴趣的人相比,体育爱好者的自尊心更强,孤独感更低,而且往往对自己的生活更满意)可知选C(体

202、育迷可能对他们的生活更满意)。3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing.(2019年的一项研究发现,与其他球迷一起观看足球比赛有助于缓解输球带来的负面心理影响。)可知如果球队失败,球迷是会有负面心理的。故选D。4.D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的But because being a fan is so central to peoples identit

203、ies, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.(但是因为成为粉丝是人们身份的核心,人们愿意接受失败,并继续忠诚于一个球队。)可知答案选D。5.B主旨要义题。文章第一段第二句就已经讲明文章主旨:It can boost your self-esteem and make you happier.(成为体育迷可以增强你的自尊,让你更快乐)。故选B。难句分析原句:People who feel a strong psychological connection to a team are mor

204、e likely to root for a team when theyre having a losing season.分析:本句中who引导定语从句,when引导时间状语从句。译文:那些感觉自己与球队有强烈心理联系的人,更有可能在失利的赛季为球队加油。Passage 19Last year, a popular restaurant released a live stream of a family dining in it, without asking their permission.After finding out what the restaurant was doing

205、, the family showed their objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it.Moreover, they tried to silence the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurants image.This event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by

206、 webcasts.It doesnt bother some people when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on different online platforms.They may even enjoy appearing on screens and cooperate with some businesses.In that way, the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus a

207、ttract more customers, which is their purpose of webcasting.However, others including the family mentioned above, are against it.The family thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of them.They found it intolerable that their act

208、ions captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of viewers, not to mention the fact that some of them were not so decent.Thus they demanded an apology from the restaurant.People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or resting, and they dont want others to see them in this way.Thus, from

209、 a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for commercial reasons, they have violated customers portrait rights.Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing

210、 in popularity for technical convenience.However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind.More should be done to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating peoples legal rights.1.What is the major issue argued in the passage?A.A famous restaurant publish

211、ed a live stream of a family dining in it.B.The family showed their objection to the famous restaurants webcast.C.The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the right to do it.D.The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurants image.2.What does the underlined word

212、“that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Customers enjoy appearing on screens.B.Customers cooperate with some businesses.C.Customers are shown through live streams online.D.Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras.3.Which of the following behaviors may violate customers privacy and portrait rights?A.

213、Businesses webcast customers live according to their agreement.B.Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and pay them.C.Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their permission.D.Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without informing them.4.What is the best t

214、itle for the passage?A.Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing.B.A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family.C.How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a rest?D.A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights.5.What is the authors attitude toward we

215、bcasts? A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Subjective.答案语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。本文讨论了网络直播是否涉及隐私权和肖像权的问题。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,这家人表达了他们的反对意见,但餐馆不予理睬,坚称他们有权这么做,继而矛盾激化,故选C。2.C猜测词义题。这里的that指代前文提到的when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on differ

216、ent online platforms(当他们的形象被摄像机无意识地记录下来,并在不同的网络平台上通过流媒体直播时),故选C。3.D推理判断题。根据第二段中The family thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of them.(这家人认为他们的肖像权受到了侵犯,因为没有人询问是否可以使用他们的形象)可知D是正确选项。4.D主旨要义题。文章在第一段最后一句已经表明了文章主旨并引出了下文讨论内容:This

217、event has caused a debate on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.(这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论),故选D。5.A推理判断题。作者在文章中同时呈现了正反方的观点和态度,故选objective(客观的)。 negative否定的;positive积极的;subjective主观的。难句分析原句:Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights

218、, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity for technical convenience.分析:本句话中which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句。同时本句话里还有as引导的时间状语从句。译文:在未经他人同意的情况下进行网络直播就相当于侵犯肖像权,近来随着手机网络直播因技术上的便利越来越受欢迎,这种情况越来越普遍。Passage 20Scientists at the Department of Energys Lawrenc

219、e Berkeley National Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology havein just two yearsnearly doubled the number of materials known to have potential for use in solar fuels.They did so by developing a process that promises to speed the discovery of commercially viable(在商业上可行) generation of s

220、olar fuels that could replace coal, oil, and other fossil fuels.Solar fuels, a dream of clean-energy research, are created using only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.Researchers are exploring a range of possible target fuels, but one possibility is to produce hydrogen by splitting water.Each wat

221、er molecule(分子) consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.The hydrogen atoms are extracted, and then can be reunited to create highly flammable hydrogen gas or combined with CO2 to create hydrocarbon fuels, creating a plentiful and renewable energy source.The problem, however, is that water

222、 molecules do not simply break down when sunlight shines on themif they did, the oceans would not cover most of the planet.They need a little help from a solar-powered catalyst (催化剂).To create practical solar fuels, scientists have been trying to develop low-cost and efficient materials that perform

223、 the necessary chemistry using only visible light as an energy source.A new method was developed through a partnership between the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis(JCAP) and Berkeley Labs Materials Project, using resources at the Molecular Foundry and the National Energy Research Scientifi

224、c Computing Center(NERSC).JCAP focused on developing a cost-effective method of turning sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into fuel.It is led by Caltech with Berkeley Lab as a major partner.The Materials Project is a program based at Berkeley Lab that aims to remove the guesswork from materials de

225、sign in a variety of applications. “What is particularly significant about this study, which combines experiment and theory, is that in addition to identifying several new compounds for solar fuel applications, we can also learn something new about the basic electronic structure of the materials the

226、mselves,” says Neaton, the director of the Molecular Foundry.1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs of the passage?A.Some scientists promise to speed the discovery of commercially viable generation of solar fuels.B.Some scientists have found twice as much solar fuel.C.Some scientists foun

227、d new materials in solar fuels that could replace traditional fuels.D.Some scientists have used two types of solar fuel in just two years.2.According to the passage, what can we do to create a plentiful and renewable energy source?A.Use only sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.B.Extract hydrogen ato

228、ms from water molecules.C.Create hydrocarbon fuels from water molecules.D.Explore possible target fuels.3.A solar-powered catalyst can be used for .A.creating a new energy sourceB.breaking down water moleculesC.creating highly flammable hydrogen gasD.reuniting hydrogen atoms extracted from water mol

229、ecules4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A.The study will identify some solar fuels.B.Scientists can learn about the basic electronic structure of the new compounds.C.The study involves new theory and relative experiment.D.The most importance of the study is to find some solar fuel appl

230、ications.5.What does the passage focus on?A.New materials could turn water into the fuel of the future.B.A new method was developed to create a renewable fuel.C.A program that aims to split water and create clean-energy research.D.Solar fuels are a dream of clean energy.答案语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境

231、内容为人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。本文讨论了科学家近期发现了一些太阳能燃料中的新物质,这些物质有助于将水转化成燃料。1.C推理判断题。文章第一段说科学家两年内在太阳能燃料中发现了许多新物质,第二段说这种太阳能燃料可以替换传统能源,故选C。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第四段前两句Each water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.creating a plentiful and renewable energy source.(每个水分子由一个氧原子和两个氢原子组成从而创造出一种丰富的可再生能源)可知选C

232、(从水分子中生成碳氢化合物燃料)。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句话The problem, however, is that water molecules do not simply break down when sunlight shines on them.They need a little help from a solar-powered catalyst.(然而,问题是当阳光照射到水分子时,它们不会简单地分解它们需要一种太阳能催化剂的帮助)可知答案选B(太阳能催化剂用于分解水分子)。4.B主旨要义题。根据最后一段中we can also learn something n

233、ew about the basic electronic structure of the materials themselves(我们还可以了解材料本身的基本电子结构的新情况)可知选B(科学家可以了解新化合物的基本电子结构)。5.A主旨要义题。这篇文章第一段讲述科学家发现太阳能燃料中的新物质,从第四段开始介绍这种新物质可以用于把水变成燃料的原理和意义。故选A(新的物质可以把水变成未来的燃料)。难句分析原句:What is particularly significant about this study, which combines experiment and theory, is

234、that in addition to identifying several new compounds for solar fuel applications, we can also learn something new about the basic electronic structure of the materials themselves.分析:这句话主要结构是由what引导的主语从句,以及由that引导的表语从句组成。译文:这项结合了实验和理论的研究的特别重要之处在于,除了识别出几种用于太阳能燃料的新化合物外,我们还可以了解材料本身的基本电子结构的新情况。Passage 2

235、1My name is Jaimie Eckert and Ive been into volunteer work since childhood.As a girl, I volunteered at animal shelters, played music at nursing homes, and helped with community cleanup after disasters.In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I f

236、ell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers. Since getting married in 2013, weve been living in Beirut, Lebanon. I actually have an online coaching business but Ive had many opportunities to volunteer with projects for Syrian refugees (难民) and youth education.Volunteering

237、has been a way of life for me for a very long time, and I wouldnt do it if I didnt enjoy it. Most of the time, you do feel that youre making a difference.Once I was leading out a project that provided food boxes to Syrian refugee families.When it was nearing Ramadan, the biggest holiday season in Is

238、lam, I literally stuffed the food package with extra treats.dates, nuts, olive oil and sweets.We took the package unannounced and ended up arriving just as the Syrian family was sitting down on their floor for breakfast.They had nothing more than a few pieces of bread and a pot of tea.The mother was

239、 in tears as she received us. Ill never forget their gratitude.Another time, back when I was in college in the US, a group of friends and I volunteered to drive to a distant church that was way out in the suburb and had only a few elderly members.The building was in disrepair and the churchyard need

240、ed attention.We stayed the weekend in the home of one of these old ladies so we could clean and repair the church.Ill never forget how new life sparkled in her eyes.She couldnt repair broken doors or pull weeds, but her love for us was unmatched.It breaks my heart to remember this old lady beaming w

241、ith joy for such small efforts that we made.Sometimes, volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.Volunteering makes me a better person because it gets me outside of myself.It puts my focus on others.It make

242、s me grateful for what I have. 1.In Paragraph 1, the author aims to .A.provide an explanationB.introduce a topicC.reach a conclusionD.propose a definition2.What does Paragraph 2 focus on?A.They brought food to Syrian families.B.Ramadan is the most important holiday season in Islam.C.Volunteering aff

243、ects people in some way.D.Volunteering is a way of Eckerts life.3.Why was the old lady happy?A.Because finally someone came to comfort them in the church.B.Because she could clean and repair the church with the volunteers.C.Because of the volunteers presence and help.D.Because the volunteers made ef

244、forts to entertain her.4.What message does the story convey?A.Eckerts volunteer dream.B.What volunteering means to Eckert.C.How volunteering has changed Eckerts life.D.Eckert volunteers for Syrian refugees.5.What is the authors attitude towards volunteering?A.Critical.B.Objective. C.Indifferent.D.Po

245、sitive.答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为公益事业与志愿服务。本文讲述了作者从事志愿服务的一些经历和感悟。1.B推理判断题。文章第一段是讲述作者的志愿服务经历,主要目的是引出主题,故选B。2.C主旨要义题。根据第二段第二句Most of the time, you do feel that youre making a difference.(大多数时候,你确实觉得自己有所作为。)以及后文讲述的作者为一家叙利亚难民提供食物后看到了那位母亲感激的泪水,可推断出答案为C(志愿活动在某种程度上影响着人们)。3.C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Sometimes,

246、volunteer work is fulfilling not because of the actual job you get done, but because of how your presence impacts the people around you.(有时候,志愿者工作让人感到充实并不是因为你完成了实际的工作,而是因为你的存在对你周围的人产生了影响。)可知选C。4.B主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段Volunteering makes me a better person because.It makes me grateful for what I have.(志愿工作让我

247、成为一个更好的人,因为。这让我对我所拥有的一切充满感恩。)可知选B(志愿工作对Eckert来说意味着什么)。5.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可以知道作者对志愿服务持积极正面的态度,故选D。难句分析原句:In college, I volunteered heavily at a large yearly conference for young adults, which is where I fell in love with my husband-to-be, who was on my team of co-volunteers.分析:which引导非限制性定语从句,where

248、引导表语从句,who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰my husband-to-be。译文:上大学时,我在一个面向年轻人的大型年度会议上做了大量志愿服务,在那里我爱上了我未来的丈夫,他当时是我所在志愿者团队中的一员。Passage 22The damage that aging does to a body extends all the way down to the cellular level.But the damage increased by cells in older muscles is especially severe, because the cells do not rep

249、roduce easily and they become weaker as their mitochondria (线粒体), which produce energy, reduce in energy and number. A study, however, suggests that certain sorts of exercise may remove some of what time can do to our mitochondria.Exercise is good for people, as everyone knows.But scientists have su

250、rprisingly little understanding of its cellular impacts and how those might vary by activity and the age of the exerciser. So researchers recently conducted an experiment on the cells of 72 healthy but sedentary(久坐的) men and women who were 30 or younger or older than 64.After baseline measures were

251、established for their aerobic(有氧的) fitness, their blood sugar levels and the gene activity and mitochondrial health in their muscle cells, the volunteers were randomly assigned to a particular exercise program.Some of them did weight training several times a week;some did interval training three tim

252、es a week on exercise bicycles;some rode exercise bikes at an appropriate pace for 30 minutes a few times a week and lifted weights lightly on other days.A fourth group, the control, did not exercise.After 12 weeks, the lab tests were repeated.In general, everyone experienced improvements in fitness

253、 and an ability to regulate blood sugar.But more unexpected results were found in the biopsied(活组织检查) muscle cells.Among the younger subjects who went through interval training, the activity levels had changed in 274 genes, compared with 170 genes for those who exercised more appropriately and 74 fo

254、r the weight lifters.Among the older group, almost 400 genes were working differently now, compared with 33 for the weight lifters and only 19 for the appropriate exercisers.It seems exercise could help contain the decline in the cellular health of muscles associated with aging, especially if it was

255、 intense, says Dr. Sreekumaran Nair, the studys senior author.In fact, older peoples cells responded in some ways more strongly to intense exercise than the cells of the young didsuggesting, he says, that it is never too late to benefit from exercise.1.Which of the following is the best title for th

256、e text? A.Exercise Might Benefit Aging MusclesB.Exercise Might Increase Aging MusclesC.Exercise Might Do Harm to MitochondriaD.Aging Mainly Occurs in the Cellular Level2.What can we know about the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.Volunteers cannot be good at exercising.B.All volunteers must ha

257、ve the same baseline.C.It was carried out among the youth of different sexes.D.Volunteers received a random particular exercise program.3.How does the author develop Paragraph 3?A.By analyzing every groups different data.B.By comparing every groups training time.C.By listing every groups different t

258、raining.D.By describing every groups training results.4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A.The experiment did not get expected results.B.Riding exercise bikes has no influence on the volunteers.C.Weight lifting is the most useful training among these exercises.D.Interval training brings strong

259、er influence to the elder than to the youth.5.Which can replace the underlined word “contain”?A.changeB.stop C.recordD.cause答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。一项研究表明,某些类型的运动可能会消除一些时间对我们线粒体的影响。1.A主旨要义题。根据第一段最后一句中的certain sorts of exercise may remove some of what time can do to our mitochondria(

260、某些类型的运动可能会消除一些时间对我们线粒体的影响)可知运动对延缓老年肌肉细胞损伤有好处,故选A。2.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的the volunteers were randomly assigned to a particular exercise program(志愿者们被随机分配到一个特定的锻炼计划)可知选D(志愿者们接受了一项随机的特定锻炼计划)。3.C推理判断题。第三段作者列举了四组测试者参加实验的内容,故选C(通过列出每个小组的不同训练)。4.D推理判断题。根据第四段对比青年组和老年组数据可知选D(间歇训练对老年人的影响大于年轻人)。5.B猜测词义题。画线单词所在句It

261、 seems exercise could help contain the decline in the cellular health of muscles associated with aging,.意为“运动似乎有助于抑制与衰老相关的肌肉细胞健康下降,”,contain是“抑制”的含义,故选B。难句分析原句:In fact, older peoples cells responded in some ways more strongly to intense exercise than the cells of the young didsuggesting, he says, th

262、at it is never too late to benefit from exercise.分析:本句中than引导比较状语从句,此外,suggesting后的that引导宾语从句。译文:他说,事实上,老年人的细胞在某些方面对高强度运动的反应比年轻人的细胞更强烈,这表明从运动中获益永远不会太晚。Passage 23词数 435An 8-year-old boy I know is small for his age, shorter and slighter than his friends, even smaller than his 5-year-old sister. Concer

263、ned about the increasing use and possible risks of growth hormones (生长激素), I asked his mother if shed considered treating him with it. She replied, “Not really. Hes built like his father, who was short and slight as a boy and didnt shoot up until college.” His father, at 41, is now 6 feet tall, thou

264、gh still very slender. He recalls being a reasonably athletic child but without the physical power of his friends, making up for what he lacked in height with speed and agility. “I enjoyed competitive sports and worked on skills others didnt have,” he told me, and said he encouraged his son to recog

265、nize and capitalize on the skills he has.If only every parent with a short but healthy child approached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that 60% to 80% of children who are small for their age do not have a growth hormone deficiency (缺乏) or other medical condition that limits growth. But kno

266、wing theres a therapy available to increase height, some parents seek a medical solution for a perceived problem, even when there is no medical abnormality. They should also know, however, that new research has linked growth hormone treatment to serious unfavorable health effects years later.Dr. Add

267、a Grimberg, a doctor at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, recalled that “Twenty years ago, families were focused on health. They came in with a child who was not growing right and wanted to know if there was an underlying disease. Now, more and more, theyre focused on height. They want growth horm

268、ones, looking for a specific height. But this is not like online shopping;you cant just place an order and make a child the height you want.”In 2003, the Food and Drug Administration approved use of recombinant human growth hormones for the condition known as “idiopathic short stature”, or short bui

269、ld of the unknown cause, which is not a disease. But it has caused a growing number of parents to consider using the growth hormone to boost the height of their children. The resulting rush to therapy reflects concerns about a widespread societal bias (偏见) against shortness, rather than a true medic

270、al need. Experts have noted that the practice backs up the belief that short stature is unacceptable, leading to an increasing demand for therapy. It is far better, Dr. Grimberg suggested, to help a short child develop coping skills than to buy inches through medicine. 1.As for the parents attitude

271、to their 8-year-old boys shortness, the author is .A.criticalB.tolerantC.supportiveD.worried2.How do many parents today react to their childrens shortness?A.They are eager to get the expected result.B.They spare no effort to sort out the cause.C.They feel disturbed by their childrens health.D.They h

272、elp develop their childrens coping skills.3.What can we learn about the growth hormone treatment?A.It might be officially recommended.B.It may fuel height discrimination.C.It is pushed by a medical need.D.It is targeted at certain diseases.4.Which would be the best title for this passage?A.Shower th

273、e Short with Growth Hormones B.Find the Replacement for Growth HormonesC.Assess the Effects of Growth Hormones D.Weigh the Use of Growth Hormones答案语篇解读本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会热点问题。文章提出了许多家长通过生长激素治疗的方式帮助孩子长高的社会现象,这反映出了社会上目前存在的身高偏见。 1.C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句If only every parent with a short but healthy child ap

274、proached the matter as sensibly.(如果每个矮小但健康的孩子的父母都能如此明智地对待这件事就好了。)可推知,作者的态度是支持的。2.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的Now, more and more, theyre focused on height. They want growth hormones, looking for a specific height.可知,现在家长越来越关注身高,他们希望通过生长激素得到预期的结果(让孩子长高)。3.B细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Experts have noted that the practice backs u

275、p the belief that short stature is unacceptable, leading to an increasing demand for therapy.可知,这种做法证实了个子矮是不可接受的想法,导致了越来越多的治疗需求,即生长激素治疗可能会加深大家对身高的歧视。4.D主旨要义题。文章提出了许多家长希望通过生长激素治疗的方式来帮助孩子长高的现象,指出了这可能带来的问题,认为家长不应该滥用生长激素。D项(权衡生长激素的使用)符合文章主旨。Passage 24词数 344ATVIda Nelson and her sister were relaxing and

276、enjoying themselves in the sauna (桑拿室) when she heard a series of long low sounds from a small airplane circling the nearby airport. It was 11:30 at night in the Alaskan village of Igiugig, population about 70, and, as she told the reporter, “Any time a plane flies over that late, you know something

277、 is wrong.”Nelson and her sister leaped out of the sauna, ran to the window, and saw the problem:The airports runway lights were out.Nelson threw on some clothes, jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to turn on the lights manually.“Normally, if you

278、 push the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up,” Nelson told KTOO out of Juneau. Not this time. Meanwhile, she and the pilot learned of the planes urgent mission:It was a medevac (医疗救护直升机), there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Ancho

279、rage. Nelson had a plan. Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights for the plane to follow. Great idea, but it wasnt enough. More light was needed, so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village32 of them.Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airport, many of

280、the drivers still in pajamas (睡衣). Following the direction from the medevac pilot, the cars lined up on one side of the runway.The medevac made its final approach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely. The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft, and the plane immediately took off again. H

281、er illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since been released from the hospital.In a world filled with uncertainty, the little communitys positive activism was a big deal. Not so much for Nelson. As she told the reporter, in Igiugig, coming together “is kind of a normal deal.” 1.What probl

282、em did the medevac have?A.It arrived late.B.Its lights were broken.C.It couldnt land safely.D.It needed a local pilot.2.What was Nelsons plan to help?A.Helping the pilot to repair the lights.B.Calling her neighbors to help together.C.Shining the headlights for the plane to follow.D.Sending the serio

283、usly ill girl to the hospital in her ATV.3.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Knowledge starts with practice.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.D.A small act of kindness can make a big difference.答案语篇解读本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会交往。文章讲述了Ida Nelson和她

284、的妹妹以及当地居民帮助医疗救护直升机安全着陆,把重病的女孩送到医院的故事。1.C细节理解题。根据第三段Nelson and her sister leaped out of the sauna, ran to the window, and saw the problem:The airports runway lights were out.,第四段Nelson threw on some clothes, jumped into her ATV, and floored it to the airport, where she found a local pilot trying to t

285、urn on the lights manually.以及倒数第二段第一句The medevac made its final approach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely.可知,由于机场跑道的灯熄灭了,导致医疗救护直升机无法安全着陆。2.C细节理解题。根据第六段第一、二句Nelson had a plan. Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights for the plane to follow.可知,Nelson计划帮忙的方式是打开全地形

286、车的前灯,让飞机跟着过来。3.D主旨要义题。根据最后一段第一句In a world filled with uncertainty, the little communitys positive activism was a big deal.可知,一个小小的善举也可以带来巨大的影响。Passage 25词数 420Hundreds of people die at sea every year due to ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time to rescue those in the water be

287、cause the probability of finding a person alive fall dramatically after six hours. Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.New insight into coastal flows gained by an international research team led by Geo

288、rge Haller, Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, promises to enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tools from dynamical systems theory and ocean data, the team has developed an algorithm (算法) to predict where objects and people floating in the water will go. “Our

289、 work has a clear potential to save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first author of a study recently published in Nature Communications.In todays rescue operations at sea, complicated models of ocean dynamics and weather forecasting are used to predict the path of floating objects. For fast-changing

290、coastal waters, however, such predictions are often inaccurate due to uncertain boundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrong location, causing a loss of precious time.Hallers research team obtained mathematical results predicting that objects floating on the oceans

291、 surface should gather along a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Profiles (TRAPs). These curves cant be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent mathematical methods developed by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise

292、 planning of search paths that are less sensitive to uncertainties in the time and place of the accident.In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Marthas Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the

293、United States. Working from the same real-time data available to the Coast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the region in real time. They found that buoys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrown in the water indeed quickly gathered along these emerging curves. “Of several competing approaches

294、tested in this project, this was the only algorithm that consistently found the right location,” says Haller.“Our results are rapidly obtained, easy to interpret and cheap to perform,” points out Serra. Haller stresses,“Our hope is that this method will become a standard part of the tool kit of coas

295、t guards everywhere.” 1.In a search and rescue operation,.A.the survival rate drops to almost zero after six hoursB.the use of dynamics leads to the wrong locationC.weather conditions are a determining factorD.changing currents present a challenge2.What is the distinct feature of the new algorithm?A

296、.It relies on ocean dynamics. B.It tracks the path of the curves.C.It stops the uncertainties of the accident. D.It figures out how tides change over time. 3.Paragraph 5 mainly talks about . A.the collection of dataB.the testing of the algorithmC.the identification of the TRAPsD.the cooperation of t

297、wo research teams4.What is the best title for the passage? A.Why Success Rates of Rescue Operations have Fallen B.Why Algorithms Are Popular in Rescue OperationsC.How Mathematics Can Save Lives at SeaD.How Coastal Waters Affect Saving Lives 答案语篇解读本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学研究。文章介绍了通过使用数学算法在海上挽救生命的方式。1.D细

298、节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Beyond tides and challenging weather conditions, unsteady coastal currents often make search and rescue operations extremely difficult.可知,在搜救行动中,变化的水流是一项挑战。2.B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句These curves cant be seen with our eyes but can be tracked from instant ocean surface current data using recent m

299、athematical methods developed by the ETH team.可知,新算法能追踪到曲线的路径。3.B主旨要义题。根据第五段第一句In cooperation with a team from MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algorithm in two separate ocean experiments near Marthas Vineyard, which is on the northeastern coast of the United States.可知,第五段主要讲述算法

300、的测试。4.C主旨要义题。文章第一段首句交代了全文背景,即每年成百上千的人因事故死于海中。根据第二段内容可知,数学算法可以预测人或物体在海中的漂流路径。由此可知,这篇文章主要讲述如何通过使用数学方法在海上挽救生命。Passage 26 词数 459What does it mean to live a good life? This question has been debated for centuries. In the field of psychology, two main concepts of the good life have been quite popular:A ha

301、ppy life full of pleasure and positive emotions, and a meaningful life full of purpose and sacrifice. But what if these arent the only options?In recent years, a long-neglected version of the good life has been receiving greater attention:the psychologically rich life. It is full of complex mental e

302、ngagement, a wide range of intense and deep emotions, and diverse, novel, surprising and interesting experiences. Sometimes they are neither pleasant nor meaningful. However, they are rarely boring or monotonous.After all, both happy and meaningful lives can become monotonous and repetitive. A perso

303、n with a steady office job, married with children, may be satisfied and find his or her life meaningful and still be bored. Also, the psychologically rich life doesnt necessarily involve economic richness. For instance, consider Hesses character Goldmund, who has no money but pursues the life of a f

304、ree spirit.Research has found psychological richness is related to, but partially distinct from, both happy and meaningful lives. Psychological richness is related with openness to experience and experiencing both positive and negative emotions more intensely. But is the psychologically rich life on

305、e that people actually want? In a new study, Oishi and his colleagues asked people in nine countries the degree to which they value a psychologically rich life, a happy life and a meaningful life. They found many peoples self-described ideal lives involve psychological richness. When forced to choos

306、e a life, however, the majority chose a happy life and a meaningful life. Even so, a minority of people still favored the psychologically rich life, ranging from 6.7% in Singapore to 16.8% in Germany.These numbers went up when the desire for a psychologically rich life was measured indirectly. To un

307、derstand what a person wishes their lives might have been, it is important to explore what people wish they had avoided in their lives. When asked what they regret most and whether undoing this event would have made their lives happier, more meaningful or psychologically richer, about 28% of America

308、ns said undoing the regrettable event would have made their lives psychologically richer. These findings suggest that while most people strive to be happy and have meaning in their lives, a sizable number of people are content merely living a psychologically rich existence. As Oishi and his colleagu

309、es conclude, “We believe that taking the psychologically rich life seriously will deepen and enrich our understanding of well-being.” At the end of the day, there is no one singularly acceptable path to the good life. You have to find a path that works best for you. 1.According to the passage, the p

310、sychologically rich life .A.means living a luxurious lifeB.involves various intense emotions C.combines pleasure with purposeD.emphasizes openness and repetition2.What does Oishis research indicate?A.The Germans prefer psychological richness to a happy life.B.Undoing regrettable events has enriched

311、many peoples lives.C.A hidden desire for psychological richness exists among some people.D.People with psychological richness tend to describe their lives as ideal.3.We can learn from the passage that . A.purpose outweighs pleasure in terms of significanceB.the choice of a good life differs from per

312、son to personC.a positive mindset helps us understand our well-beingD.we should never be content and always strive for the best4.What is the main purpose of the article?A.To compare different concepts of a good life.B.To explain how to live a psychologically rich life.C.To persuade people to attain

313、psychological richness.D.To draw attention to a less familiar version of a good life.答案语篇解读本文的主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。人们通常将美好的生活定义为充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,或是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活,但其实心理丰富的生活也是美好的生活。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It is full of complex mental engagement, a wide range of intense and deep emotions, and diverse, nove

314、l, surprising and interesting experiences.可知,心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感。2.C细节理解题。根据第五段第二句They found many peoples self-described ideal lives involve psychological richness.以及第七段These findings suggest that while most people strive to be happy and have meaning in their lives, a sizable number of people are cont

315、ent merely living a psychologically rich existence.可知,Oishi的调查显示,有相当一部分人隐藏着一种对心理丰富的生活的渴望。3.B推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句When forced to choose a life, however, the majority chose a happy life and a meaningful life. Even so, a minority of people still favored the psychologically rich life, ranging from 6.7% in Sin

316、gapore to 16.8% in Germany.可推知,对于好的生活的选择是因人而异的。4.D主旨要义题。第一段提出关于美好生活的两个主要概念一直很流行:一个是充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,一个是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活。但随后马上提出问题But what if these arent the only options?由此引出了一种与传统概念不相同的生活心理丰富的生活,所以这篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到这种不太熟悉的美好生活。Passage 27词数 384The Party of Their LivesIn Los Angeless Skid Row, there are hu

317、ndreds of children living on the streets or in shelters. Its a place where dreams go to die. But one couple is determined to use their own experience with loss to foster a sense of hope.In 2013, Mary Green and her husband lost their first unborn kid. Refusing to let the heartbreak break them, they b

318、ecame volunteers in a Skid Row homeless shelter. They found that many of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before, so they decided to throw a birthday party for those homeless kids. They found a room in the Union Rescue Mission and filled it with streamers, gifts and a cake. The k

319、ids were so excited that they made their own musicsinging and clapping and, of course, laughing. Since then, the couple have thrown a party each and every month. They routinely attract 250 kids and their parents. An hour before each party, volunteers arrive to set up the decorations and activities:f

320、ace painting, balloon artists, a DJ, cake, and pizza. There are small presents for the kids celebrating their birthdays, but the Greens make sure there are more than enough to go around. “I remember a mom came with her kid,” Mary says. “It was their first night at the shelter, and her child had a bi

321、rthday. We had an extra gift for herpink headphones. The little girl was so excited. And her mom.shes crying. I never imagined we would ever need to be in a shelter. I didnt know what to expect. But I really didnt expect a birthday party for my child. she cried with happiness.” Doing her best to nor

322、malize these kids lives is both heartwarming and bittersweet, Mary says. “If you look outside, you will see homeless people after homeless people on the street, and it reminds you that these kids dont get to leave this area after the party.” It may be why, after throwing 88 parties, she still cries

323、after each one. She credits the kids in the shelter with helping her hold on to hope. “We didnt realize how much joy they were going to bring us,” she told CBS News. “And it was so comforting for both kids and us.” 1.In Skid Row, hundreds of kids .A.are homelessB.lose their parentsC.drop out of scho

324、olD.are crazy about parties2.How do the couple help the kids?A.They raise much money.B.They rent many houses.C.They host birthday parties.D.They make birthday presents.3.According to the passage, which can best describe Mary?A.Honest and generous.B.Caring and generous.C.Outgoing and caring.D.Outgoin

325、g and honest.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Well begun, half done.B.East or west, home is best.C.What goes around comes around.D.Where there is love, there is hope.答案语篇解读本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是公益事业与志愿服务。一对夫妻在失去自己的孩子后,决定把对孩子的爱转移到其他无家可归的孩子身上,让这些孩子感受到爱和希望。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句In Los Angeless Skid R

326、ow, there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in shelters.可知,数百名儿童无家可归。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句They found that many of the kids there had never had a single birthday party before, so they decided to throw a birthday party for those homeless kids.可知,这对夫妇决定通过举办生日派对的方式来帮助这些孩子。3.B推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Do

327、ing her best to normalize these kids lives is both heartwarming and bittersweet, Mary says.及最后一段第一句It may be why, after throwing 88 parties, she still cries after each one.可推知,玛丽是一个关爱他人、慷慨的人。4.D主旨要义题。根据第一段In Los Angeless Skid Row, there are hundreds of children living on the streets or in shelters. Its a place where dreams go to die. But one couple is determined to use their own experience with loss to foster a sense of hope.以及后文对这对夫妇的所作所为的讲述可知,这对夫妇通过他们的行为,尽量让这些孩子感受到爱和希望。因此这个故事要告诉我们“哪里有爱,哪里就有希望”。