初中英语八下Unit3 知识梳理词汇句式精讲.docx

1、初中英语八下Unit3 知识梳理词汇句式精讲Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 3单词 （音标）rubbish rb n. 垃圾，废物take out the rubbish 倒垃圾fold fld v. 对折，折叠mess mes n. 混乱，脏乱，食堂throw r v. 扔，投掷all the time 频繁，反复neither ni: pron.adv. 二者都不；也不shirt :t n. 运动衫，衬衫as soon as 一就，尽快pass p:s v. 前行，经过，批准borrow br v. 借，借用lend lend v.

2、借给，借出finger fig(r) n. 手指hate het v. 憎恶，讨厌chore t:(r) n. 杂务，乏味的工作while wail conj. 当.时候，而，然而snack snk n. 小吃，点心，快餐stress stres n. 精神压力，心理负担waste west v. 浪费，消耗in order to 目的是，为了provide prvaid v. 提供，供给，供应anyway eniwei adv. 无论如何,不管怎样，而且depend dipend v. 取决于，依靠，依赖depend on 依靠于develop dvelp v. 发展，壮大，开发，研制ind

3、ependent indipendnt adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的independence ndpendns n. 独立fair f adj. 公平的，公正的unfair nfe adj. 不公平的，有偏见的fairness fens n. 公正性，合理性since sns conj. 因为，既然neighbor neb n. 邻居take care of 照顾，处理ill il adj. 生病的，有病的drop drp v. 落下，跌落Unit3 知识梳理【重点短语】1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚3.go to the m

4、ovies 去看电影4.get a ride 搭车5.work on 从事6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事7.clean and tidy 干净整洁的8.do the dishes 洗餐具9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服11.sweep the floor 扫地12.make your/the bed 整理床铺13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅14.no problem 没问题15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人e home from school/work放学/下班回家17.

5、throw down 扔下18.sit down 坐下e over 过来20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步21.all the time 一直;总是22.all day/evening 整曰/夜23.do housework 做家务24.shout back 大声回应25.walk away 走开26.share the housework 分担家务27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家28.in surprise 惊讶地29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西30.watch one show 观看一个节目31.hang ou

6、t 闲逛32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事36.do chores 做杂务37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth帮助某人干某事38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来39.buy some snacks买些小吃40.go to the store去商店41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事43.enough stress足够的压力44.a w

7、aste of time浪费时间45.in order to为了46.get good grades取得好成绩47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事48.depend on依赖;依靠49.develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立性50.look after/take care of 照顾；照看51.do ones part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事【重点句型】1.Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗？2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。3.

8、Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？4. She wont be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂

9、务。Unit3 Could you please clean your room?词汇讲解1. as a resultas a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如： He didnt practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。 The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didnt arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。【拓展】 as a result of意为“由于；作为的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。

10、例如：We cant go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。2. waste（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。例如： I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如： We shouldnt throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。 A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。例如： We sho

11、uldnt waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。3. pass（1）pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。例如： The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。 Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。（2）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。例如： He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。4. borrowlend（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。 “borrowfrom”意为“从借（入）”。 I often borrow books from the

12、library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。（2）“lendto”意为“把借（出）”。例如： I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。5. dependdepend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有：（1）depend on/upon某人或某物例如： Whether well go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。例如： Children depend on their parents for food and clo

13、thing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。（2）depend on upon从句 例如： Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。 The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。（3）口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。例如： - Are you going too? 你也去吗? That depends. 那要看情况。depend on意为“视而定；取决于；依靠”

14、，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语，on也可以换为upon。例如： When shall we start? 我们什么时候动身？ It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。 He depended on his uncle after his father died. 父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。6. while（1）while作连词时，可以意为“当时候, 和同时”。例如： Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。（2）while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两

15、者之间的对比。例如： I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。7. provideprovide为及物动词，意为“提供”，常和with搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如： The Sun provides us with light and heat. 太阳给我们提供光和热。 Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for

16、 us. 羊供给我们羊毛。8. since（1）since作介词，意为“从以来; 自从之后”。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。（2）since作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。例如： Since it is late I shall go home now. 由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。 Since you are so sure of it hell believe you. 既然你对此这么有把握,

17、他会相信你的。练一练：.英汉互译。1. as a result _ 2. 依靠，依赖_3. 目的是，为了_ 4. take care of _ 5. in surprise _ 6. 倒垃圾_7. come over _ 8. 闲逛，溜达_ 9. provide sth. for sb. _10. all the time _. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。1. Jack p_ the ball very quickly in basketball games.2. I b_ a book from the library yesterday.3. _ (既然) everyone is h

18、ere, lets begin our class.4. Sandy, could you please take the r_? No problem. 5. What a _ (杂乱)！You should clean up your bedroom at once.6. The hotel will p_ free breakfast for guests.7. Dont w_ money to buy something useless.8. She lives next to my house. We are n_.9. I like singing w_ my sister lik

19、es dancing.10. Nowadays most people have too much _ (精神压力). 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_ (do) the dishes.2. When did you finish _ (write) the book?3. We should learn to be _ (independence).4. China and India are _ (develop) countries.5. They challenged him about the _ (fair

20、) of his remarks.6. Her mother often _(help) her _(fold) the clothes. Look! She _(fold) the clothes for her now.7. My mom _(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room.8. I called you yesterday, but you _(not, be) in.9. My friend, Mike, enjoys _(cook) very much.10. May I use your computer? So

21、rry, I _(work) on it now. 参考答案 .英汉互译。1. 因此，结果 2. depend on 3. in order to 4. 照料，爱护 5. 惊讶地6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来，顺便来访 8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物10. 总是，反复，频繁的. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since 4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide 7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空1. to

22、do / doing 2. writing 3. independent 4. developing 5. fairness6. helps; (to) fold; is folding7. got8. werent 9. cooking 10. am working02重点句型解析1. Could you please clean your room?（1）“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他？”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，please？”意为“请，好吗？”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求，语气委婉，客气。其中could在此句中不表示

23、过去，而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时，不能用could回答。例如： Could you please help me with my English? = Could you help me with my English, please? 请你帮我学英语好吗？ Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗？ Certainly！当然可以。2. They should in order to get good grades and get into a good university.（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思

24、是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如： In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到，你现在应该走。（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如： He did anything in order to make money. = He did anything in order that he could make mon

25、ey. 为了赚钱，他什么都做。 Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. =Please go in quietly so that we wont wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. “neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如：

26、 Mary doesnt like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装） 如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如： Mary likes singing. So do I. 玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）【拓展】当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动

27、词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。例如： Mary plays the piano well. So she does. 玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓不倒装) Mary doesnt play the piano well. Neither she does. 玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓不倒装）4. And she wont be happy if she sees this mess.（1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以

28、when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如： Ill tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况： 1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如： When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and

29、 look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如： Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework

30、 and chores at home.本句中的make作使役动词，意为“使；让”讲时，常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如： The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。 They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。 Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。【拓展】make作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) +

31、形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如： What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。 We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。练一练：. 句型转换。A）按要求转换句型。1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答) _, _.2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为同义句) Thanks for _ me _ _ my homework.3. My brother hates

32、 cooking at home. (对划线部分提问) _ _ your brother hate _ at home?4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换) Could I _ the DVD player _ you?5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句) She _ _ to do her homework at home.B）同义句转换。6. I will take care of your sister while you are away. I will _ _ your sister w

33、hile you are away.7. She agreed to help me learn cooking. She agreed to help me _ cooking.8. The school will provide free textbooks for us.The school will provide _ _ free textbooks.9. To swim in the river is very dangerous. _ dangerous _ _ in the river.10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I c

34、ould get good seat.I arrived at the theatre early _ _ _ get a good seat. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。 He doesnt like swimming. _ _ _.2. 如果你努力学习，你就能学好英语。 You will learn English well if you _ _.3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。 Well _ food and drink _ them.4. 你拥有的朋友越多，你就越快乐。 The _ friends you have, the _ you will

35、 be.5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。 The _ news _ us very _.6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。 I want to _ them _ the party on Sunday.7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗？ _ you _ _ me your _?8. 为了不再迟到，她今天早上起得很早。 She got up early this morning _ _ _ _ be late again.9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。 We should keep our classroom _ _ _.10. 他们还太小，不得不依靠父母。 They are too

36、 young so they have to _ _ their parents. 补全对话。A. A scarf is interestingB. That sounds goodC. Why dont you get her a pet cat?D. Its too personalE. How can I get to her house?F. At least 20 dollarsG. What should I get her?A：My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party 1 、B：How about an album?A： 2

37、How much is an album?B： 3 A：Thats too expensiveI dont have enough money for itB：Oh 4 A：No，noShe doesnt like catsB：I seeWhat about a scarf?A： 5 B：Does she like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderfulA：Great! I will buy some for herThank you参考答案. 句型转换。A）1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do 3. What does; doing

38、4. borrow; from 5. doesnt haveB）6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with 9. Its, to swim 10. in order to. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for 4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary 8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on. 补全对话。1-5: GBFCD