初二下学期英语期中考试核心知识串讲.docx

1、初二下学期英语期中考试核心知识串讲考点串讲1. 情态动词（could，should等）2. 反身代词3. 过去进行时4. so that和so.that情态动词（can, could, should等）情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放

2、在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中情态动词则在主语之前。情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。 1. can -could 基本用法 can / could 表示“能力”或“客观可能性”，还可以表示“请求”和“允许”；在一般疑问句第一人称中，表示“征询对方许可”(用could比用can语气更加委婉，但答语必须用can)；-Can you skate? -Can (co

3、uld)I go now? -yes, you can.表能力时，相当于短语“be able to ”例如：I can do my homework by myself.=I am able to do my homework by myself.2. should意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称。You should finish your homework in time.反 身 代 词构成情况人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfitself / himself / herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesReflex

4、ive pronouns主格 宾格 形代名代 反身代词 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourself you you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself theythem their theirs themselves构成情况说明1、反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。 2、第一人称和第二人称反身代词都是由形容词性物主代词-se

5、lf或-selves构成。第三人称都由人称代词宾格-self或 -selves构成。 3、每个反身代词都表示“自己”，如 myself我自己，themselves他们自己，等等。 用 法一、作宾语（1）作及物动词的宾语。反身代词常用在 buy，teach，enjoy，hurt，wash，help等的后面作宾语。如： He often teaches himself他经常自学。 The boy fell off the tree and hurt himself那男孩从树上掉下来，伤到了自己。 （2）作介词的宾语。反身代词常用在to， by，for，after，about等之后作宾语。如： We

6、 should not only think of ourselves We must look after ourselves and keep healthy我们必须照顾自己，保持健康。 二、作表语反身代词也常放在连系动词之后，作表语。如： The man in the photo is myself照片上的那个人就是我（自己）。 三、作同位语反身代词常作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，表示“自己”、“亲自”的意思。 （1）作主语的同位语 反身代词作主语的同位语时，可以放在主语之后，也可以放在句子的末尾。如： I myself can do itI can do it myself我自己能

7、做这件事。 Edison built a laboratory himselfEdison himself built a laboratory爱迪生自己建了个实验室。 （2）作宾语的同位语 作宾语的同位语时，反身代词只能放在宾语之后。如： I want to see the scientist himself我想见见那位科学家本人。 练 习用所给代词的适当形式填空。 1We cant only think of _（we），we should think of others2Students should be strict with _ （they）3Did they enjoy _（th

8、em）in the party last Sunday？4Help _（you）to some vegetables，Jim and Jack 5The artist _（he）will come to our school next week6You cant leave your daughter by _（she）7The cat in the mirror is _（it）8I bought _（I）a new dictionary the day before yesterday9I _（my）agree with you10The little boy is only four，h

9、e could wash _（he）and get dressed答案：1. ourselves 2. themselves 3. themselves 4. yourselves 5. himself6. herself 7. itself 8. myself 9. myself 10. himself反身代词练习1. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself2. Help _ to some fish, children.A. yourself B. your

10、 C. yours D. yourselves3. The film _ is very fun.A. its B. itself C. it D. its4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _.A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself5. The father will make _ a bike _.A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself6. The scarf is _, she made it_.A

11、. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself7. Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _.A. her B. she C. hers D. herself8. Luckily, he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday.A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _?A. my

12、self, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me10. I like watching _ in the mirror.A. me B. I C. my D. myself答案：CDBBA CDCAD过 去 进 行 时基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。基本结构主语+was/were + doing +其他内容注:doing 就是现在分词，词形变化与现在进行时相同V-ing 变化规则：1）一般加ing . 如: play-playing 玩 watch-watching 看2）以不发音的e 结尾,去e 加ing. 如:take-t

13、aking 拿 make-making 做 come-coming 来 live-living 居住3）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写再加ing 。如：run-running 跑 cut-cutting 切swim-swimming 游泳sit-sitting 坐get-getting 获得shop-shopping购物stop-stopping 停止 win-winning 赢 put-putting 放 forget-forgetting 忘记 begin-beginning 开始常用的时间状语 -判断标志this morning, the whole morning, all

14、day yesterday, at that timefrom nine to ten last evening, when, while , just now，at 7 p.m. last night/yesterday句 型 变 化 肯定句主语+was/were +doing +其它否定句主语+was/were +not +doing +其它一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing+其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它按要求转换下列句型。 1. We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.（改

15、为否定句） We _ _ a PE class at four yesterday afternoon. 2. Kate was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.（改为一般疑问句，并做肯、否定回答） _ Kate _her lessons at eight last night? _ , she _. _ , she _ . 答案：1.werent having 2. Was reviewing；Yes，was；No，wasnt1.I was singing songs yesterday morning.否定句：_一般疑问句：_2. The

16、y were drawing pictures when the teacher came in.否定句：_一般疑问句：_3. She was washing the window when the telephone rang.否定句：_一般疑问句：_其 它 用 法1. 过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。2. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶

17、等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。 如：（1）They were always quarrelling. （2）My father was always smoking when he was young.3. 动词be的过去进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。 比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。 (指过去长期如此) He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)While用法：表示在过去的某个时间，前后两个动作是同时进行的。S1: What were you doing whi

18、le Li Jie was getting ready to go out?S2: I was sleeping while Li Jie was getting ready to go out.S1: What were you doing while she was travelling on the underground?S2: I _ while she was travelling on the underground.如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时 When和while用法： 描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作

19、发生。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle.It was raining when they left the station. 过去进行时常与when, while连用，意思是当之时。while后面一般跟延续性动词，常用进行时；when后面既可跟延续性动词，也可跟瞬间动词，常用过去式。一般过去时与过去进行时的区别1、一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 比较：She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。 (信写完了) She was

20、 writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。 (信不一定写完) 2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。 如：She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。She was waving to me. 她一直朝我挥手。 3、句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。 4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示更为偶然而非预定的动作： I was talki

21、ng to Tom the other day 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。 典型的例子1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案：C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was

22、 falling D. read；fell 答案：B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。填入以下单词的正确形式。1.It was warm, so I _(take) off my coat.2.Jane _(wait) for me when I _(arrive).3.Sue wasnt hungry, so she _(eat) nothing.4.My brother cam

23、e into the bedroom while I _(dance).5. _ he _(lie) on the ground at nine yesterday evening ?6.What _ Jim _(write) when the teacher came in ?7.Mike and I _ (play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.8.My brother _(fall) while he _ride) his bicycle and hurt himself.9.I first met Lisa three yea

24、rs ago. She _work) at a radio shop at the time.10.When I arrived at his office , he _ on the phone. (speak)根据汉语提示完成句子。1 他们那时不在打排球。They _ _volleyball at that time.2 当你回来时，他在看电视吗？_ he _ TV when you came back?3 昨天中午他在哪里等你？_ _ he _ for you at noon yesterday ?4 当我离开时，他正在做家庭作业。He _ _ his homework when I l

25、eft.5 正当他们扫地的时候，老师进来了。While they_ _ the floor , the teacher came in.单项选择(1) I _ a shower at that time. A. have B. had C. am having D. was having (2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read；fell (3) Mary _ a dress when she

26、 cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makesI.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.We _ (play) football when it began to rain heavily.2.You should tell what you _ (do) at eight yesterday.3.They _ (talk) loudly when the teacher came in.4.Last night we _(do) our lessons, when the light suddenly _(go) out.II

27、.完成句子。1.昨晚我在看电视，我的父亲在看书。Last night I _ _ TV while my dad _ _ a book.2.我们正在下棋，突然电话响了。We _ _ chess _ the phone _.sothatso. that.句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此/这么以致于”1. 主语+谓语+so + adj. / adv. + that从句。The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him. 2. so+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+that从句。 It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. 昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。