北京市2021届高三下学期3月综合能力测试英语试题 WORD版含答案.docx

1、2021届北京市高三下学期3月综合能力测试英语试题本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ask 3-year-old Wolfy about his future plans， and youll quickly discover this kids aspirations area lot more down t

2、o earth.His obsession? Garbage trucks and the men who drive and_1_them.Up until recently， due to a pandemic， Wolfy was spending most days at home. His favorite day of the week was Fridaytrash collection day， of course. Every Friday morning， Wolfy_2_waited for his beloved garbage trucks to make their

3、 run up his street. Under his parents supervision， Wolfy became something of a _3_to the trash collectors. To Wolfy， these men are superheroes. Two of them， D. J. and Drew， became his particular pals， earning him and his trash team the nickname of the “Wolfpack.”Wolfys parents knew they werent able

4、to throw him a big birthday party._4_， they told him he could invite a couple of friends over for cake. Wolfys ideal guest list was obvious. “Drew and D. J. ! he_5_.On the morning of September 9， four bright green garbage trucks， horns honking， rolled their way up the street to the delight of the ec

5、static birthday boy and his stunned family.“The guys came_6_gitts， howling out their windows and took time to play with Wolfy， ”his mom posted to her Facebook page. “He even got to honk the horn!Does it get any better!?”The superheroes climbed down from their trucks to celebrate Wolfys birthday. Aft

6、er they_7_the little boy with trash-related gifts， shared cake， and played with toy trucks， Wolfys garbage collecting heroes drove off to their other appointed rounds.Wolfys mom， more than a little impressed，_8_ her feelings， saying， “These are really kind gentle_9_who are full of positive， good ene

7、rgy. These men are ideal role models.”Theyre the next generation to come， so seeing them enthusiastic about something even as_10_as what we do in our everyday lives brings meaning and shows the importance of what everyone does in society.1. A. cleanB. loadC. repairD. collect2. A. eagerlyB. hesitantl

8、yC. patientlyD. naturally3. A. joyB. pityC. desireD. trouble4. A. BesidesB. FurtherC. InsteadD. Otherwise5. A. complainedB. orderedC. rejectedD. declared6. A. arrangingB. bearingC. enjoyingD. advertising7. A. amusedB. equippedC. preparedD. showered8. A. put upB. made upC. broke upD. summed up9. A. s

9、oulsB. leadersC. instructorsD. colleagues10. A. boringB. annoyingC. simpleD. significant第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AA little girl ran to her bedroom and pulled out her piggy bank from a secret drawer in her closet. She_11_(break) the pig

10、gy bank， took the change and counted it cautiously. Three times， even. The total had to be exactly perfect as there shouldnt be any chance for mistake here.She_12_(careful) placed the coins in a jar， twisted on the cap and then slipped out of the back door. She made her way six blocks to a drug stor

11、e. She waited patiently for the pharmacist_13_(give) her some attention but he was too busy attending other customers at that moment._14_ she tried several times to get his attention， she wasnt successful.BChime bells， bin zhng， are the most majestic and holy ancient instrument in China. As a symbol

12、 of power， they_15_(use) for sacrificial ceremonies or other crucial ceremonies， Starting 3,500 years ago， bin zhng， were composed of bells_16_different scales. The bells are played by mallets(木槌) and create the sounds of seven musical scales， much like the piano. Whats more amazing is that one bell

13、 can generate two notes when_17_(strike) at different spots. Its exquisite cast and pure sound revealed the high level of ancient Chinese civilization and wisdom.CIn the paper Power Gets You High by Gerben Van Kleef， he claims that high-power individuals tend to experience_18_(few) social restrictio

14、ns and more resource-rich environments compared to their lower power counterparts. This means that people with a perceived high level of power are more likely to dismiss established social constructs. Whether its intentional or not， high-power people place_19_(them) socially at a distance and tend t

15、o act on their own concepts，_20_they believe will help them gain control over valued resources第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AConstantly regret spending too much time on your phone but just cannot stop? You are not alone. Here are five tips from P

16、rof. Mark Griffiths， psychologist and behavioral addiction expert at Nottingham Trent University to help you live well with your phone.Step it down graduallyThe urge to check your phone can become reflexive and habitual. For some， going a few minutes without checking their phone is difficult. If thi

17、s sounds like you， try to go 15 minutes without doing it. Once you realize this is possible， increase the length of time you avoid checking to 30 minutes， an hour， and then a few hours， or a day.Monitor usageDownload an app that will tell you how much time youre spending online. This could make you

18、aware of a problemthe first step to a solution.Buy an alarm clockDont use your phone as an alarm， or you might be tempted(诱惑) to check texts and emails last thing at night and as soon as you wake up. Instead， ban phones from the bedroom. Designate bedtimes and mealtimes as smartphone-free zones. Con

19、sider buying a clock， so youre no longer tempted by emails and texts when you check the time.Spring clean your contacts How many online friends do you actually speak to? Reduce alerts and distractions by removing contacts on social networking sites， deleting unused apps， and unsubscribing from group

20、s that offer little benefit. Consider deleting any games that are taking up a lot of your time.Learn to waitBe mindful of the benefits of not regularly checking your phone. People who react to messages as they arrive tend to write longer responses than those who wait and deal with them all as a bloc

21、k. Waiting will gain you time to spend on other activities.21.According to the passage， which of the following can help ban phones from the bed mom?A. Monitoring usage.B. Using a clock.C. Cleaning contacts.D. Learning to wait.22.It can be learnt from the passage thatA. games take up more time than o

22、ther appsB. reacting to messages in time is importantC. people are often tempted to use cell phonesD. people shouldnt check emails by cell phones23.The purpose of the article is to_.A. introduce ways to manage phone usagesB. emphasize the harm of using cellphonesC. persuade readers to get rid of cel

23、lphonesD. explain multiple functions of cellphonesBParalympian Anastasia Pagonis remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14.Granted， its a tough age for any teen， but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.“It took me about eight months to re

24、group myself， ”she told TODAY， “and then I got it in my head， Okay， Im blind. Now what am I going to do with my life?A Long Island native， Pagonis practically grew up in the water. Shed taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the

25、sport with limited vision， an abusive team” atmosphere prompted her to quit competition.After months of therapy， however， the persistent teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasnt enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete.Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to trai

26、n the blind girl， ”she recalled in an interview with TEAM USA.“I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.By the age of 16， Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce compet

27、itor， taking two gold medals at the World Para Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处) to others， she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help， ”Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing

28、Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying， “Wow! You really helped me get through bad things， or，I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that， or， You let me know how much I was worth.Back in the water， Pagonis was truly in her element. “Its my h

29、appy place，” she told TODAY. “Its the place where I feel like I dont have a disability and I feel like thats the only place where I feel free. When I dive in the water， its just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you dont try， y

30、ou dont know. Always follow your dreams.”24.What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition?A. She had to wear goggles.B. It was hard to find her a coachC. Her skills werent useful in darkness.D. She couldnt do the freestyle anymore.25.It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis_.A. s

31、topped swimming for two yearsB. improved her vision by swimmingC. helped many people through difficultiesD. devoted herself to fighting against bullies26.What does the underlined phrase in her element mean?A. In a very good moodB. Full of Confusion.C. Confident of winning.D. Happy to be special.27.W

32、hat does the story mainly tell us?A. Team spirit is vital for winning-B. Role models make us who we are.C. A good teacher is the key to success.D. Disability does not limit ones success.CMore often than I care to admit， Ill walk from one room to another with a clear vision in mind of whatever I need

33、 to do once I get there， but then I get there and cant remember why l started. The only thing that happened between my first movement and my last is that I walked through a doorway. Surely that has nothing at all to do with forgetting something I knew just moments before， right? Wrong， says new rese

34、arch. As it turns out， walking through a doorway exerts an imperceptible influence on memory. In fact， merely imagining walking through a doorway can zap (影响) memory，Researchers in the latest study took their cue from an earlier study showing that passing through a doorway seems to insert a mental d

35、ivider into memory， Our brains record memories in segments， or episodes， rather than as a continuous event. Walking through a doorway triggers memory segmentation， like a video editor inserting a momentary pause between scenes.Even more curious is that imagining walking through a doorway has a simil

36、ar effect. The research team brought two groups of participants into a large mom， One group experienced the room as a continuous space； the other walked through it after divider curtains were set up to simulate a doorway. The groups were then shown a picture of an unusually shaped object before clos

37、ing their eyes and imagining walking across the room theyd seen earlier. The first group imagined the room as a big space with no physical dividers； the other imagined walking through the draped doorway. They were then asked to jog their memories and pick out the picture of the object from a set oft

38、en images. As predicted， the group that imagined walking through a doorway performed significantly worse on the memory lest than the other group.And this gets even weirder. If right now I started telling you a story about a boy and his dog， going on for a few paragraphs detailing all the things this

39、 boy and his dog do together， and then I suddenly inserted a phrase like “A few hours later.”do you think your recall of what I just told you about the boy and his dog might be better or worse? Worse! Research has demonstrated that phrases which insert a temporal boundary between events in a narrati

40、ve place the same sort of mental divider into memory as a doorway.What all of this tells us is that our brains operate with certain mechanical dynamics that we generally only glimpse when they hiccup. So the next time you cant remember why you walked from one room to another， dont be alarmed. Just r

41、emind yourself that your brain simply misconstrued instructions from your environment and thought that doorway meant you needed a memory divider.28.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Research subjects.B. Research findings.C. Research process.D. Research significance.29.It can he learnt from the pas

42、sage that_.A. an imaginary doorway harms the brainB. certain verbal language influences memoryC. brains record memories as a continuous event.D. going back to a doorway helps regain I lost memory.30.What is the passage mainly about?A. Approaches to improve memory.B. Factors that cause peoples memory

43、 loss.C. Ways to handle memory loss regarding doorways.D. Reasons why people forget while entering a doorway.DEmpathy can give purpose to our lives and truly comfort people in distress， hut it can also do great harm. While showing an empathetic response to the tragedy and trauma of others can be hel

44、pful， it can also， if misdirected， turn us into what Professor James Dawes has called “emotional parasites.”Empathy can make people angryperhaps dangerously soif they mistakenly perceive that another person is threatening a person they care for. For example， while at a public gathering， you notice a

45、 heavyset， casually dressed man who you think is “staring” at your pre-teenage daughter. While the man has remained expressionless and has not moved from his spot， your empathetic understanding of what he “might” be thinking of doing to your daughter drives you into a state of rage. While there was

46、nothing in the mans expression or body language that should have led you to believe he intended to harm your daughter， your empathetic understanding of what wasProbably “going on inside his head took you there， Danish family therapist Jesper Juul has referred to empathy and aggression(攻击性) as “exist

47、ential twins.”For years， psychologists have reported cases of overly empathetic patients endangering the well-being of themselves and their families by giving away their life savings to random needy individuals. Such overly empathetic people who feel they are somehow responsible for the distress of

48、others have developed an empathy-based guilt.The better-known condition of “survivor guilt” is a form of empathy-based guilt in which an empathetic person incorrectly feels that his or her own happiness has come at the cost or may have even caused another persons misery.According to psychologist Lyn

49、n OConnor， persons who regularly act out of empathy-based guilt， tend to develop mild depression in later-life.Psychologists warn that empathy should never be confused with love. While love can make any relationship-good or badbetter， empathy cannot and can even hasten the end of a strained relation

50、ship， Essentially， love can cure， empathy cannot.Rehabilitation and trauma counselor Mark Stebnicki coined the term “empathy fatigue to refer to a state of physical exhaustion resulting from repeated or prolonged personal involvement in the chronic illness， disability， trauma， grief， and loss of oth

51、ers，While more common among mental health counselors， any overly empathetic person can experience “empathy fatigue”. According to Stebnicki， “high touch” professionals like doctors， nurses， lawyers， and teachers tend to suffer from empathy fatigue， Paul Bloom， Ph， D.， professor of psychology and cog

52、nitive science at Yale University， goes so far as to suggest that due to its inherent dangers， people need less empathy rather than more.31.Empathy and aggression are regarded as “existential twins” because_.A. empathy can make people angryB. empathy can be easily misunderstoodC. aggressive people o

53、ften show more empathyD. empathy and aggression always come together32.According to the passage， what might be an example of empathy-based guilt?A. People give away their savings to charityB. One feels sorry for not paying off the debt.C. One feels guilty for his/her own happiness.D. Patients feel b

54、ad for having to be attended.33.What might be the authors attitude towards showing empathy?A. Approving.B. Neutral.C. Optimistic.D. Critical.34.Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?A. It might be better if we show less empathy.B. Empathy and love both help boost happiness，C

55、. Empathy fatigue leads to illness and disability.D. Well-meant empathy wont damage a relationship.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Flynn EffectThe Flynn effect， first described in the 1980sby researcher James Flynn， refers to the finding that scores on IQ tests hav

56、e increased in the past century. One research paper， published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues， combined the results of other published studies and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the 1950s._35_Trahan and her colleagues observed， “The existence of the Flynn effect is

57、rarely disputed.”_36_One explanation has to do with improvements in health and nutrition. For example， the past century has seen a decrease in smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy， improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases， and improvements in nutrition. As Scott Barry Kauf

58、man writes for Psychology Today， “The Flynn effect serves as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper， more people do prosper.”_37_In a TED talk， Flynn explains that the world today is “a world where weve had to develop new mental habits， new habits of mind.” Flynn has found

59、 that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions that ask us to find similarities between different things， and more abstract types of problem solving， both of which are things that we need to do more of in the modem world.Several ideas have been brought up to explain why modern society

60、might lead to higher scores on IQ tests. For example， today， many more of us have demanding， intellectually rigorous jobs. Schools have also changed：whereas a test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization， a recent test might be more likely to focus on explaining the

61、 reasons for something._38_Family sizes tend to be smaller， and it has been suggested that this may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents. Is even been suggested that the entertainment we consume is more complex today. _39_Therefore， both the educatio

62、n we receive and the society we live in shape our IQ in a way that we cannot imagine.A. In other words， there is a lot about IQ that we may not know yet.B. Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changesC. Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn ef

63、fect.D. Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actually be making us smarter.E. Although there have been exceptions， IQ scores have generally increased over time.F. Additionally， more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college，G. The Flynn effect shows that human

64、 mind is more adaptable than we might have thought.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。When you type CEO， CFO or CTO on your computer， notice what comes up. It is an emoji of a man in a suit. Shocking， right? Even an emoji can strengthen gendered stereoty

65、pes. However， most of us wouldnt even notice. The hidden biases and stereotypes feed into such designs， and these images in turn encourage such biases，Unconscious biases are everywhere. From the neighborhood we choose， the close friends we have， to the people we date. Though most of us have difficul

66、ty acknowledging it， we all do it. Gender， ethnicity， disability， profession etc.， all influence the assessments we make of people and form the basis of our relationship with others， and the world at large，A Yale University study found that male and female scientists were more likely to hire men and

67、 pay them 4，000 more per year than women. Other research has shown that a science faculty rated male applicants for a laboratory manager position as significantly more competent and hirable than female applicants， Faculty also selected a higher starting salary and offered more career mentoring to th

68、e male applicant.When this was explicitly pointed out to them， the faculty members were often shocked， as they hadnt realized their own internalized biases.In a 2003 study， Sendhil and Marianne Bertrand， at the University of Chicago， mailed thousands of identical resumes to employers with job openin

69、gs and measured which ones were called back for interviews. They randomly used stereotypically African-American names on some and stereotypically white names on others. They were shocked to find that roughly 50 percent were more likely to result in a call back for an interview if it had a “white” na

70、me.This is what confirmation bias is， where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do. This bias happens in a split-second， so while to an outsider， the bias maybe evident， the one holding

71、this bias may or may not be doing so intentionally，Even when we say that we are all open-minded and not prejudiced， it is clear these biases still creep upon us. This is why we need to examine our biases and be mindful of our hidden prejudices and the way they manifest themselves in words and action

72、s.40.Why does the writer use the example of “CEO， CFO， CTO” in Para， 1?41.What does Para. 3 mainly tell us?42.What is confirmation bias?43.Do you consider yourself biased? Why or why not? (About 40 words)第二节(20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写信探讨“读书”的话题。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的阅读经历；2.你的阅读收获；3.你对阅读的看法。注意：1.词数100

73、左右：2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua(考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效)2021届北京市高三下学期3月综合能力测试英语试题参考答案第一部分：知识运用第一节：完形填空1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. C 第二节：语法填空11. broke 12. carefully 13. to give 14. Although/Though 15. were used16. in 17. struck 18. fewer 19. themselves 20. which 第二部分：阅

74、读理解第一节：21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 第二节：35. E 36. C 37. B 38. F 39. D 第三部分：书面表达第一节：阅读表达40. To lead in the topic (of gendered stereotype/bias).41. Gender-related biases are everywhere. Sometimes we may not even realize that we are biased. 或People

75、 generally give males more benefits in the job market. 意思相同且表述准确即可。42. Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to people more like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.或Confirmation bias is a kind of bi

76、as where people regard someone more similar to themselves as superior human beings. 43. Do you consider yourself biased? Why or why not? (About 40 words)Sadly I am biased in certain ways, although I never thought of it this way before. For example, I sometimes associate women with weakness, or think

77、 girls are not in general good at math or science. I often believe people from my hometown are more upright and hard-working. All of these are biases, as I see now. Being objective is truly hard, but thats not the reason for us to be biased. 第二节：书面表达Possible Version 1：Dear Jim,Im so glad to know tha

78、t you also love reading and I am more than happy to share my experience and thoughts on reading with you.When I was a kid, I read picture books with interesting illustrations. I would unconsciously burst out laughing or frown with concern about the character in the book. Later in life, I was absorbe

79、d in the world of words, where I found myself seeing the world through the eyes of different roles in the stories and I discovered the mystery of so many things, from the smallest atoms to the vast universe. While reading, I even got a new insight into myself. Even though I encountered difficulties

80、sometimes, nothing swayed my enthusiasm about reading.Frankly, I have really harvested a lot from reading. Reading does not only provide me with encyclopedic knowledge ranging from basic principles to far away outer space mystery, but also convince me that being alone is not lonely. With books in ha

81、nd, Ive really got a colorful world belonging to myself. Through that world, I get courage in times of challenge, and I feel love and warmth in the midst of adversity. Further, I have found my role model and a goal I decide to pursue in my future life. Reading is a best friend. You need to treat it

82、patiently with your sincere love. In return, reading will bring you a whole new world to get along with, which makes you a complete person.This is my experience and understanding of reading. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing.Yours,Li Hua Possible Version 2：Dear Jim,How is everythi

83、ng going? Having heard that you are interested in reading, Im writing to share my reading experience and feelings with you.I used to be impatient with reading. I often skipped some parts of a story, which I thought werent attractive to me at first. As a result, I got very little believing reading wa

84、snt so beneficial. To solve this problem, I urged myself to read carefully and try to follow the plot. Then I astonishingly found that I could read the whole book smoothly and even learned a moral lesson from it. This is big progress as well as great relief to me. From this experience I have learned

85、 that every word “counts”. Besides, I get an opportunity to approach literature and appreciate the beauty of words. It was this experience that helped change my reading attitude and improved my reading skill.So we need to pay attention to every paragraph and read with full patience, which allows us to get the complete meaning and be truly involved and educated. Reading deserves our patience and deep thinking.This is my point of view about reading. What do you think of it? I am looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua