备战2021年高考英语一轮复习 易错题07 介词和介词短语（含解析）.docx

1、专题07 介 词 和 介 词 短 语易错题【01】more.than.易错题【02】介词名词 短语易错题【03】to为介词 01 more.than.（2020新课标I卷，语法填空，1.5分）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。【问诊】句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mo

2、re so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比更”。故填than。【答案】than【叮嘱】more than 与more than 短语在英语中使用得十分广泛。但其用法和意义并不简单，一不留神就可能用错。因为more than 与more than 除了具备其基本用法外，还有些特殊用法。理解和翻译时要特别小心，不能一看到more than就简单地按照字面上的意思将其理解为“比更”或“超过”等，而是要根据上下文找出more than 短语的确切含义more than 相当于一个形容词或副词短语，在句中作定语或状语，修饰其后的动词、副词、数词或名词等。一. more than 的用法1. more

3、than 后跟数词，相当于over，翻译成“多、超过”等，强调某物数量上超出某一范围。 More than 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. 地震中有一千五百多人遇难。2. more than 后跟名词或动名词，相当于over, not just, not only，表示“不只是、不仅仅是”等。例如：She is more than a teacher to us, she is our friend. 他不只是教师，她还是我们的朋友。3. more than后跟动词、形容词、副词、或介词，相当于very, much, not only,

4、especially，表示“不仅、十分、非常、很、更加、非但”等。例如：She was dressed more than simply. 她的穿着简朴得近乎寒酸。4. more than后跟从句，相当于not only, over等，表示“不仅仅是、超过、难以、，简直不能”等，从句中常用can或could。例如：The hurt and pain were more than he could stand. 他无法承受那些伤害和痛苦。二. more than的否定结构more than的否定结构是no more than和not more than，但两者意义和用法各不相同。no more

5、than后跟名词或数词，相当于only，表示“仅仅、只有”，含有嫌少的感情色彩；而not more than后跟名词或数词，相当于at most, no less than，表示“至多、不超过”，不含嫌少的感情色彩。例如：Weve learned no more than 9 lessons this term. 本学期我们只学了9课课文。（含有嫌少的感情色彩）We havent learned more than 9 lessons this term. 本学期我们至多学了9课课文。（客观叙述，不含嫌少的感情色彩）三. more than的用法1. more than的基本用法在more t

6、han结构中，more是much或many的比较级，修饰形容词、副词、介词、动词或名词，相当于greater, in a greater degree，表示“比更”，其前可以受a lot, much, many, far, by far, a little, a bit, still等修饰，比较的两部分并不要求用完全相同的词类。例如：Sound travels much more slowly than light. 声音比光的传播慢得多。You get more tired when you lift a heavy load than a light one. 挑东西多比挑东西少累人。2.

7、 more than的特殊用法more than后跟形容词、副词、动词、名词等，一般情况下，要求more后部分和than后部分词类相同，但偶尔也有例外。表示“与其说不如说、是不是、是更是、有无”等。例如：He is more dead than alive. 与其说他还活在人世，不如说他是行尸走肉。She is more shy than unsocial. 她是害羞而不是不爱交际。1.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答

8、案】than【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。2. （翻译）How he manages to live is more than I can tell. 【答案】他是如何生活的，我猜不透。3.【2016浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years A. little more B. no more C.much more D.many more 【答案】D【解析】句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并

9、且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有这个搭配；B.不再；C.多得多（修饰不可数名词）；D. many more更多（修饰可数名词）。这里修饰的是上文的activities。故选D。 02 介词名词 短语（2020年新课标全国卷，语法填空，1.5分）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对短语记忆不清。【问诊】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填

10、on。【答案】on【叮嘱】1. 解题方法：分析句子成分, 如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。2. 介词名词 短语1at名词at a loss不知所措at dinner 在吃晚餐at peace 处于和平状态at dawn 在黎明at war 在战争中at work 在工作2其他高频介词短语against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到at the age of 在岁时in (the) face of 面对；面临in addition(to) 另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of 负责；主管in

11、 favour of 赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time 立刻in a hurry 匆忙in preparation for 为做准备in return for 作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance 重要的on behalf of 代表3by名词by accident 偶然地by chance 偶然地by force 用暴力by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地by the month 按月算4beyond名词beyond comparison 无与伦比beyond control 失控beyond descriptio

12、n 难以描述beyond doubt 毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond(ones) reach 够不到5in名词in bed 在床上in danger 处于危险中in debt 负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits 情绪高昂in need 处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use 使用中6on名词on a trip 在旅行on business 出差on display/show 在展出on duty 在值班on holiday/vacation 在度假

13、on sale 在出售on strike 在罢工on the way 在途中7out of名词out of balance 失去平衡out of control 失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期out of order 出故障out of work 失业8under名词under consideration 在考虑中under construction 在建造中under control 在控制之下under discussion 在讨论中under pressure 在压力下under repair 在修理中under treatment 在治疗中1.

14、（2020江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _ someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. in memory of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to回答；C. in contact with接触，与有联系；D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares

15、 your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。2.（2020天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ a monkey.Ain the shape ofBbeyond the reach ofCat the mercy ofDon the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈形状；B. beyond the reach of超出的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受的支

16、配；D. on the side of拥护，站在的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。3.【2019江苏卷】Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。4.【2019新

17、课标III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。 03 to为介词（2020年浙江卷，语法填空，1.5分）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是记不清to为介词的场合。【问诊】句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answ

18、er to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。【答案】to【叮嘱】 be related to 与有关系 be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 喜欢；癖好 be addicted to 沉溺于；对上瘾 be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于 be admitted to 被录取；准进入 be reduced to 沦为reduceto使沦为 be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋 be adjusted to 适应be known to 为所知 be married

19、to 和结婚 be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和连在一起 be exposed to 暴露于；遭受 be compared to 被比喻成 compare to把比作 be/become/ get accustomed to/accustomed to 惯于；有习惯be engaged to 与订婚 get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成 put ones mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 stick to

20、 坚持attend to 专心；注意；照料； see to 负责；注意 contribute to对作贡献；有助于make contributions to对作贡献 apply oneself to 致力于 come close to几乎；将近reply to 回答 add to 增加 add up to 加起来 in addition to除之外 turn to转向；求助于 feel up to 能胜任于 look up to 尊敬 admit to承认belong to 属于 take to 喜爱；开始 cling to 附着 fall to 开始respond to 回答；对作出回应 a

21、ccustom oneself to 使自己习惯于 amount to等于set an example to 给树立榜样 refer to 谈到；参考；查阅 agree to sth. 同意某事 （比较：agree to do sth. 同意做某事） prefer to更喜欢take/make a trip to到地方去 jointo把和 连接起来turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻 show honour to向表示敬意 put an end to(bring to an end) 结束 drink (a toast) to 为干杯

22、 propose a toast to 提议 set fire to 放火烧 happen to 发生了事 occur to sb. 想起；想到 total up to 总计达 be close to 几乎；将近 hold to 坚持；抓住help oneself to 随便用 hold on to 抓住；固守 do harm to 对有害处do wrong to 冤枉某人 date back to 追溯到 come to 来到；达到；结果为 (比较：come to do sth逐渐做某事) when it comes to 谈到时 give an eye to着眼于have an eye t

23、o doing 打算 describe to 向描述 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃 trust sth. to sb.把某物委托给某人 pay a visit to 参观 the key to 的答案 access to 进入；取得的方法on ones way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中be a stranger to 不习惯；对陌生 be kind to 对和善 be important to 对重要 be senior to 年龄长于 be junior to年龄小于 be equal to 和相等 be particular to 所特有的 （比较：be p

24、articular about 对过于讲究；挑剔） be subject to 服从；隶属；易遭受患 be familiar to 为 熟悉 be similar to 和相似 be open to 对开放 be loyal to 对忠诚 be helpful to对有益处 be useful to对有用 be good to sb对某人好 （比较：be good for 对有益处）be bad to 对不好 be bad for（比较：对有害处）be new to 对不习惯；对陌生 next to（否定词前）几乎；next to 的旁边due to 由于；归因于 be due to do s

25、th.预定要做某事 owing to 由于；因的缘故 thanks to 多亏了；由于 as to 关于；至于 in/with regard to 关于in/with relation to 关于；就而论 according to 根据 subject to 在条件下；依照1. The engine of the plane was out of order and the thunderstorm _ the helplessness of the pilot in the sky. A. added to B. made up C.led to D. took over【答案】A 【解析】

26、句意：飞机的引擎坏了,雷雨加深了飞行员在天空中的无助。add to 加入，增加到 lead to 导致，通向2. It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to【答案】B 【解析】句意：他愚蠢地在这么重要的测试上翻笔记,因此,他得到了惩罚。 A.stick to 坚持 B. refer to 参考 C. keep to 坚持，遵守 D. point to

27、 指向错1. （2017（全国）This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示作为一种抵御心脏病的方式，所以填as，意为作为。2. （2017（全国）It ran for just under seven kilometers a

28、nd allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _work.【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。此处是指当他们来回上下班时。3. （2017(全国)）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。degree与介词in搭

29、配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。4. （2017北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _the fishing industry.【答案】in【解析】句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意，空处用in表示在方面。5. （2017天津）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _trees that are over 1,000 years old.【答案】among 【解析】句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你

30、就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示在中，与前面的through the Redwood Forests呼应。6. （2017全国改错）They have also bought for some gardening tools.【答案】去掉for【解析】考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy sth. for sb.意为为某人买某物。7.（2017全国 改错）When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.【答案】删除of 【解析】考查介词。realize后接宾

31、语从句，介词of多余。8. （2017江苏）Determining where we are _ relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.【答案】in 【解析】in relation to 关于，相对某事物而言，符合句意。9. （2017天津）We offer an excellent education to our students. _ return, we expect students to work hard.【答案】In 【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报

32、，我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意，这里用介词短语In return表示作为回报。10. （2017江苏）What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?Its nothing. Just something _ the top of my head.【答案】off【解析】 题干中的Its nothing说明T恤衫上的东西不是经过精心设计的，因此用off the top of my head表示 不假思索地。11.（2017（全国）改错）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle

33、 on the road.【答案】onof【解析】考查固定搭配。in the middle of 意为在的中间，故把on改为of。11. （2017江苏）Working with the medical team in Africa has brought_ the best in her as a doctor.【答案】out【解析】 句意：在非洲参与的医疗队工作彰显了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。bring out 使显现，使表现出，符合句意。12. （2017天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle_, ge

34、t married, and have kids.【答案】down 【解析】句意：Brown夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来，结婚生子。空处应与后面的get married, and have kids语意衔接，故用settle down表示安顿下来。语篇填空：Passage 1Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes _1_ she didnt even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, _2_ (mak

35、e) shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes.She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which measures less than 10 square meters altogether, filled with cloth shoes in _3_ (vary) stages of completion.Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes _4_ (use) ma

36、chines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely _5_ hand.She says the shoes _6_ (produce) by the machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones.The handmade cloth shoes are more durable and comfortable, _7_ (soft), and absorb sweat better.Some people buy cloth shoes out of n

37、ostalgia(怀旧), while _8_trust their quality.Making shoes isnt _9_ profitable job, but Qiang still insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation.Handmade cloth shoes are also called qiancengdi (shoes with a thousand layers)，_10_ can date back to the ancient Zhou

38、 Dynasty.In 2009, the making technique of qiancengdi was listed as the national intangible cultural heritage.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了强淑萍手工做布鞋的故事，并介绍了布鞋的特点以及布鞋的悠久历史。1that考查固定搭配。so .that .如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。强淑萍忙着做布鞋以至于甚至在端午节假期期间她都没有休息。故填that。2has made/has been making考查时态。根据“since she was 19 years old，”可知，她从19岁

39、开始做布鞋，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填has made/has been making。3various考查形容词。空处修饰名词stages。故用形容词形式。装满了处在不同的完工阶段的布鞋。故填various。4using考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“many stores”和动词use之间为主谓关系，use的动作伴随make动作而发生，故用现在分词。如今，许多商店用机器制造布鞋。故填using。5by考查介词。固定搭配：by hand手工。但强淑萍坚持完全用手工技术制作鞋子。故填by。6produced考查非谓语动词。名词shoes 和produc

40、e 之间是动宾关系，该处表示动作已经完成，故用过去分词作后置定语。她说机器生产的鞋子和手工制作的鞋质量不一样。故填produced。7softer考查形容词比较级。根据前面的“more durable”和后面的better可知此处用比较级。手工布鞋更耐用舒适，柔软，吸收汗水更好。故填softer。8others考查代词。这里others 和前面的“some people”对比使用，表示“有些”的意思。而一些人则相信它们的品质。故填others。9a考查冠词。名词job为单数可数名词，故前用不定冠词a。做鞋子不是赚钱的工作。故填a。10which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语

41、从句，先行词为qiancengdi，故用which引导该定语从句。手工布鞋也称为“千层底”，可以追溯到古代的周朝。故填which。Passage 2The State Hermitage Museum in St.Petersburg, is _1_ second largest art museum in the world after the Louvre, France, both of which are visited by millions of people _2_(annual)Hermitage holds not only artistic treasures but al

42、so a collection of living history _3_ well.The Hermitage was built as part of the royal Russian familys Winter Palace.Empress Elizabeth had cats brought in _4_(rid) the several palace buildings of mice.The cats did their job well and _5_(give) homes in the basements of the buildings and the title of

43、 Hermitage cats.The 74 Hermitage cats live at the museum _6_ they now lead an extremely _7_(comfort) life.A press secretary is in charge of the cats, with three fulltime caretakers _8_(attend) to their every need.There are even kitchens for preparing meals for the cats because every cat has its own

44、_9_(prefer)This may all seem over the top, but Russian and foreign _10_(visit) alike love seeing the Hermitage cats while admiring some of the worlds greatest artistic treasures.1the考查冠词。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆是继法国卢浮宫之后世界第二大艺术博物馆，每年都有数以百万计的游客参观。“the序数词”表示“第几”。故填the。2annually考查副词。句意参见上题解析。修饰动词应用副词形式，故填annually。

45、3as考查固定短语。句意：圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆不仅收藏着艺术珍品，还收藏着活的历史。as well“也，和”为固定短语，置于句末。故填as。4to rid考查非谓语动词。句意：伊丽莎白女王让人把猫带进宫殿，来消灭几座宫殿里的老鼠。分析句子可知，此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。5were given考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些猫干得很好，它们被安置在大楼的地下室里，并被授予“冬宫奇猫”的称号。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，主语cats与谓语动词give之间为被动关系。故填were given。6where考查定语从句。句意：74只冬宫猫生活在博物馆里，它们现在过着极其舒适的生活。分析句子可知

46、，museum为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。7comfortable考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。修饰名词life，应用形容词形式，故填comfortable。8attending考查非谓语动词。句意：负责这些猫的是一位新闻秘书，有三位全职的看护人员负责照顾它们的一切需要。分析句子可知，本句为with的复合结构，在句中作状语，three fulltime caretakers与attend在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词attending。9preference考查词性转换。句意：甚至还有厨房为猫们准备食物，因为每一只猫都有它自己的喜好。own为形容词修饰名词，故填preference。10visitors考查名词复数。句意：这一切看起来似乎都有些夸张，但俄罗斯人和外国游客都喜欢在欣赏一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品的同时，欣赏冬宫猫。分析句意可知，本句在说俄罗斯人和外国游客，所以应填visitor。又因为visitor为可数名词，在本句中指很多的游客，故填visitors。