备战2021年高考英语一轮复习 易错题09 名词性从句（含解析）.docx

1、专题09 名词性从句易错题【01】连接代词what的用法易错题【02】连接副词易错题【03】同位语从句易错题【04】whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever与 who，what，whom，which的区别 01 连接代词what的用法（2020浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sow

2、n. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。【答案】what【叮嘱】what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“所的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。Our teachers always tell us to believe in w

3、hat we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。1.（2020天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空

4、处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。2. 【2018北京】This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。3

5、.【2017江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。 02 连

6、接副词【2019北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。【问诊】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。【答案】where【叮嘱】引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。Ive

7、 been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。Thats why I want you to work there.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.他无论去哪儿父母都担心。1.【2018北京】Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的

8、支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2.【2018江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表

9、语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。 03 同位语从句【2019江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是同位语从句用法不熟。【问诊】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。【答案】B【叮嘱】 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。

10、所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。1. 同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。 Theres some doubt whether John will come on time. 对

11、约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。2. 可跟同位语从句的名词 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令 promise 诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球为什么变得越来越暧

12、这一问题仍在讨论之中。3. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补

13、充说明。1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）1.【2019新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way acr

14、oss the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2.【2016天津】The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经

15、理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。故选B。 04 whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever与 who，what，whom，which的区别【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【警示】本题容

16、易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。【问诊】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。【答案】C【叮嘱】whatever意为“任何(事物)，无论什么东西”，相当于anything that，可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语，表示无范围的选择what可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示无范围的选择whoever意为“任何人”，相当于anyone who，可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，在名词性从句中作主语或宾语，表示无范围的选择w

17、ho可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，通常保留疑问的含义，即“谁”。whomever意为“任何人；无论是谁”，可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，在名词性从句中作宾语whom可引导名词性从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“谁”whichever意为“无论哪个/哪些”，可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，表示有范围的选择which可引导名词性从句，意为“哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示有范围的选择1.【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever

18、 B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。2.【2017北京】 Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人

19、 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who+ever，故选B。错. 单句语法填空1I truly believe_that_beauty comes from within.解析：考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用的that。2Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for _what_Doris Le

20、ssing had achieved in literature.解析：考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。从句中缺少achieved的宾语，故要用what来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。3A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _what_ ships are built for.解析：what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。4If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to inve

21、stigate _what_ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析：investigate后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。5The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to

22、 check_whether/if_the bag had 50 gold coins.解析：句意：他把包还给了Sam，请他检查包内是否有50个金币。6He has heart disease. That is_because_he has been smoking too much.解析：句意：他有心脏病，这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。7People who visited me used to ask me_how_I could sleep.“Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much

23、noise？”解析：句意：来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着。8We know from the survey on cigarettes _that_ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.解析：句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。9Following the decline in house pri

24、ces in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs _that_ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.解析：句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。10Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50

25、th anniversary of Kings famous speech, through which we know _what_ he said meant to the black.解析：句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁路德金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。11New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are _that_ students have to be tested on Chi

26、nese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.解析：句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。12There is a strong possibility _that_ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.解析：句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设

27、空处引导同位语从句，故填that。13As John Lennon once said, life is _what_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.解析：句意为：正如约翰列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。14_When_ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.解析：句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much

28、 on是句子的谓语，_ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。15_That_mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.解析：句意为：人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从句且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。16The bride and groom gave _whoever_ attended their wedding

29、some gifts to share their happiness.解析：句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。17I couldnt imagine _how_difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.解析：句意为：我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，ho

30、w difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。18Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats _where_ I was born.”解析：句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。19Some people believe_whatever_has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.解析：句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发

31、生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论的事情”，故填whatever。20Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea_why_he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.解析：句意为：迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？是的，可我不知道他为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明idea的内容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原

32、因，故用why引导。. 语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I like reading very much. My classmates question is _1. when_ I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was _2. that_ I was surrounded by

33、libraries and the people who loved to read. _3. That_ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact _4. that_ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. Its n

34、ot really surprising _5. that_ literature became my vocation.Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural womens legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. _6. Whether_ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Th

35、anks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued _7. that_ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts _8. how_ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a

36、 specialist in womens illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. _9. What_ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. _10. Why_ she didnt choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. 单句改错1I didnt kno

37、w what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.答案与解析：whatwhich此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。2You want to know that everthing is going in our school.答案与解析：thathow宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。3The problem is what the “Play” doesnt work at all.答案与解析：whatthat表语从句的引

38、导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。4There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.答案与解析：whetherthat否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that.“毫无疑问”。5At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so deli

39、ghted.答案与解析：thatwhy根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。6Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.答案与解析：WhichWhatWhat is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。7 I went up and asked what I could help them.答案与解析：whatif/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。8As

40、 is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.答案与解析：AsIt本句是一个it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改为it。如果用as，则为As is known to all, millions of graduates.。9That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence.答案与解析：ThatWhat主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。10The main reason for this was because my mother didnt know how to cook anything when she got married.答案与解析：becausethatwas后是表语从句且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。