2014-2015学年高中英语配套课件：选修10 UNIT 2 PERIOD 3（人教版课标通用）.ppt

1、重点语法精析解码书面表达Unit 2 King Lear Period 3 Grammar&Writing 课件（人教版选修10，课标通用）状语和状语从句一、状语状语是历年高考的重点和热点。状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分；通常用副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构或从句等充当，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。重点语法精析解码书面表达1状语的位置一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前。修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词，如always，often，usua

2、lly，never，ever等作状语时，常置于句中，放在实义动词之前，be动词或第一个助动词之后。重点语法精析解码书面表达2状语的分类(1)时间状语一般位于句末，也可放于句首。(2)地点状语一般位于句末，也可放于句首。重点语法精析解码书面表达【温馨提示】有时间副词和地点副词在一个句子中，地点副词在前，时间副词在后。We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 oclock yesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了。重点语法精析解码书面表达(3)方式状语既可位于句中，也可位于句末或句首。(4)程度状语是单个副词时，一般位于被修饰的词之前。I nearl

3、y forgot what he had promised.我几乎忘记了他答应的事。This afternoon I was lucky enough to meet one of my old friends.今天下午我有幸遇到了一位老朋友。enough为副词作状语时，位于所修饰的形容词或副词之后；为形容词作定语时，位于所修饰的名词之前或之后皆可。重点语法精析解码书面表达(5)原因状语一般位于句末，有时也可放于句首。With annual rainfall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.由于年降水量接近于零，在学术上来说，南

4、极洲是沙漠地区。She seemed surprised to see us.她看见我们，似乎有点惊讶。重点语法精析解码书面表达(6)条件状语常位于句末或句首。Playing all day，you will waste your valuable time.如果你整天玩，就会浪费你宝贵的时间。(7)目的状语常位于句末，强调时可放在句首。To go to college，US teens save their pocket money.美国中学生攒钱只为上大学。重点语法精析解码书面表达(8)结果状语常位于句末。Li Ming studied so hard that he caught up

5、with the others very quickly.李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。A high mountain range runs from east to west，cutting the continent into two.一个高大的山脉横贯东西，将大陆一分为二。(现在分词短语作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果)He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。(动词不定式作结果状语，表出乎预料的结果，常被only或just所修饰)重点语法精析解码书面表达(9)让步状语常位于句首或句末。Despite all our ef

6、forts we still lost the game.尽管我们尽了全力，还是输掉了比赛。(10)伴随状语常位于句末。He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。重点语法精析解码书面表达二、状语从句1状语从句指以句子形式在句中作状语。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引导。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。重点语法精析解码书面表达2学习状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语

7、从句的常用引导词和特殊引导词。(1)时间状语从句常用引导词：when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，till，until特殊引导词：the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant，immediately，directly，no sooner.than，hardly.when，scarcely.when重点语法精析解码书面表达盲点直击：while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词。She listened closely while he read.在他读的时候，

8、她认真地听。as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the instant，the minute等可引导时间状语从句，这些连词都表示“一就”。The moment I heard the news，I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。重点语法精析解码书面表达hardly(scarcely，rarely).when/before，no sooner.than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，rarely和no soone

9、r位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。(2)地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere重点语法精析解码书面表达(3)原因状语从句常用引导词：because，since，as，for特殊引导词：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given thatIt was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟

10、到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。重点语法精析解码书面表达Since everyone is here，lets start.既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off.教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)重点语法精析解码书面表达(4)目的状语从句常用引导词：so that，in order that特殊引导词：in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that重点语法精析解码书面表达【温馨提示】由so that(为了，以

11、便)，in order that(为了，以便)，in case(以防，以备万一)等引导的目的状语从句中，常用can/could，may/might，shall/should，will/would等情态动词。目的状语从句多放在主句之后。in order that引导的目的状语从句被强调时，可放在主句之前。重点语法精析解码书面表达(5)结果状语从句常用引导词：so.that，so that，such.that特殊引导词：such that，to the degree that，to the extent that，to such a degree thatHe spoke for such a l

12、ong time that people began to fall asleep.His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他说了这么长时间，以致在座的人都犯困了。重点语法精析解码书面表达There was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening.灰尘太大了，使得我们看不清发生了什么事。So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.暴风真可怕，把整个的屋顶全都刮飞了。重点语

13、法精析解码书面表达(6)条件状语从句常用引导词：if，unless特殊引导词：as/so long as，only if，providing/provided that，supposing that，in case that，on condition that，as/so long as“只要”可以引导条件状语从句。You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。只有if可以引导虚拟语气的非真实条件状语从句。If I were you，I would say“yes”如果我是

14、你，我会说“是”。重点语法精析解码书面表达(7)让步状语从句常用引导词：though，although，even if，even though特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中，从句必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter.，in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever。though，although引导让步状语从句时不与but连用，但是though和yet可连用。Though the sore can be healed，yet a scar may rema

15、in.伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。重点语法精析解码书面表达as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时as相当于though。Strange as/though it might sound，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.尽管听起来奇怪，他的主意还是被出席会议的所有人接受了。重点语法精析解码书面表达while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。While I really dont like art，I find his work impress

16、ive.尽管我是真的不喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品给我留下深刻印象。重点语法精析解码书面表达(8)比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较)，than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more.the more.；just as.，so.；A is to B what/as X is to Y；no.more than；not A so much as BThe more you study，the more knowledge you can get.你学的越多，你的知识越丰富。重点语法精析解码书面表达(9)方式状语从句常用引导词：as，as if，how特殊引导词：the way当说话者认

17、为句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句用陈述语气；当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。Do as I told you.按我告诉你的那样做。She loves the boy as if she were his mother.她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。重点语法精析解码书面表达3状语从句的省略状语从句的省略常存在于以下五种状语从句中：由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；由although，though，even if/though等引导的让步状语从句；由when，while，as，before，a

18、fter，until/till等引导的时间状语从句；由as，as if等引导的方式状语从句；由as，than等引导的比较状语从句。重点语法精析解码书面表达当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be可以省略。If(it is)possible，he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词是be的某种形式，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。As(he was)young，he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。重点语法精析解码书面表达.

19、完成句子1fire，all exits must be kept clear.为防火灾，所有疏散通道务必畅通。2English well，we do reading aloud every morning.为学好英语，我们早晨都朗读。重点语法精析解码书面表达3enough time，we can perform this play very well.我们如果有足够的时间，可以把这出戏表演得非常好。4from the top of the hill，we can find our school very beautiful.从这山顶上看，我们发现我们的学校非常漂亮。5A group of ch

20、ildren came out of the classroom，.一群孩子有说有笑地从教室里走出来。重点语法精析解码书面表达答案 1.In case of2.To study3.Given4.Seeing5laughing and talking重点语法精析解码书面表达.单项填空1I hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them.Well，could they live in such comfort?Awhere else Bwhat else Chow Dwhy重点语法精析解码书面表达解析该题live后有介词in

21、，所以考生很容易把正确选项排除掉。实际上此处in与后面的such comfort构成介词短语。故选A。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达2，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.AStrangely enough BEnough strangelyCStrange enough DEnough strange解析该题考查1)形容词与副词的区别2)enough 作状语时的位置(要后置；作定语时可以前置也可以后置)。故选A。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达3John may phone

22、 tonight.I dont want to go outhe phones.Aas long as Bin order thatCin case Dso that解析根据题意逻辑，应该是“以防他打电话来”。故选C。答案 C重点语法精析解码书面表达4late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm.ATo sleep BSleepingCSleep DHaving slept解析不定式短语作目的状语，放在句首表示“强调”。故选A。答案 A重点语法精析解码书面表达5，you need to give all you have and try your b

23、est.ABeing a winner BTo be a winnerCBe a winner DHaving been a winner解析句意：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭尽全力。根据句子与空格处非谓语动词的逻辑关系，可知需用不定式作目的状语，故选B。答案 B重点语法精析解码书面表达记叙文在记叙文写作中，叙述好一件简单的事，这是一项基本功。练好这个基本功，以后进行复杂的叙事，也就有了基础。德国大作家歌德曾经说过：“一个人只要能把一件事说得很清楚，他也就能把许多事都说得清楚了。”那么，怎样记叙好一件简单的事呢？重点语法精析解码书面表达1要交代清楚事情发生的地点、时间；要把事情的

24、经过、因果写明白。一件事，总离不开时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等六个方面的内容。因此，只有把这些方面写清楚了，才能使别人明白你写了一件什么事。然而，对这六个方面内容的交代不应该呆板，要根据文章的需要灵活掌握。时间、地点也并不是非要直接点明不可的，有时候可以通过描述自然景物的特征及其变化，将它们间接表示出来。例如，“The sun is rising above the horizon”指的是清晨。重点语法精析解码书面表达2要把事情经过写具体，并做到重点突出。在记叙文六个方面的内容中，起因、经过和结果，是构成事情最主要的环节。为了把事情写得清楚、明白，在记叙中一定要写好事情的起因、经过和结

25、果，特别要把事情的经过写具体，给人留下完整而深刻的印象。重点语法精析解码书面表达3记叙的条理要清晰。一件事都有发生、发展和结果的过程，按照事情发展的顺序记叙，文章的条理就会清楚明白。确定记叙的顺序以后，还要安排好段落层次。适当地分段，可以使文章眉目清楚。要做到记叙的条理分明，必须在动笔之前，仔细地想一想，文章应该先写什么，再写什么，如何过渡，如何结尾，把记叙的轮廓整理出来。否则就会头绪杂乱，条理不清。重点语法精析解码书面表达【写作任务】(2010浙江卷)最近，李越被评为你们班的“每周之星”。请你根据她的事迹(在上周六下午，不顾天气炎热，为班级选购歌咏比赛服装)，用英语为班级板报写一篇10012

26、0个词的短文。文章应包括下列要点：1李越的事迹及其对同学的影响；2你的评论。重点语法精析解码书面表达注意：1.文章的标题和开头已给出(不计词数)；2参考词汇：singing contest歌咏比赛costume服装。重点语法精析解码书面表达【学生作品】Star Student of the WeekLi Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”for what she did for our class.重点语法精析解码书面表达【写作分析】本题是叙事文体，记述李越被评为“每周之星”和之前她的事迹，并加上自己的评论。按

27、照“五审，两查”的原则，对试题分析如下：1审人称：叙述李越事迹为第三人称、评论用第一和第三人称。2审时态：叙述其事迹时用一般过去时，其余使用现在时。3讲述事迹评论的顺序行文。重点语法精析解码书面表达4审目的：由题目可以确定文章为一篇宣传报道。目的在宣扬李越热爱集体，乐于助人的高尚品质，因此全文比较正式，主题思想也较明确。5审提示词：题目和文章的开头已给出。两查：查要点，查细节(试题要求已给出)设计参考句型或词组：1walk from one store to another2spend.doing sth3warmhearted4devote.to5set a good example to重

28、点语法精析解码书面表达学生作品牵手名师点津【学生作品】Star Student of the WeekLi Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”for what she did for our class.On the hot afternoon of last Saturday，Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another，looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contes

29、t.While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cool and comfortable rooms，she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting.Finally，she found the right clothes.Deeply moved by her efforts，we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.重点语法精析解码书面表达Li Yue is always warmhearted

30、and cares a lot about the class.Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.She has set a good example to us.Therefore，she deserves the honor and we should learn from her.重点语法精析解码书面表达【名师点津】内容要点齐全，上下文连贯，叙事完整。正确有效地使用了时态和语句间的连接成分，并能恰当运用描述性的形容词进行评论。遗憾之处在于内容简短，作文的完成仅仅限于题目设计的全部任务。如能创造性的添加一些

31、细节，将会使文章锦上添花。重点语法精析解码书面表达【范文欣赏】Star Student of the WeekLi Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”for what she did for our class.Congratulations!As we all know，last Saturday Li Yue went to choose and purchase the costumes for our singing contest in spite of the hot weather，and eve

32、ryone else in our class appreciated her contributing to our class.Whats more，she had set up a craze for mutual help.重点语法精析解码书面表达None of us wanted to go out on such a hot day，let alone on a day off，and what we wanted to do was to stay at home with airconditioners on.However，Li Yue chose to sacrifice her weekend for the benefits of our class.What a commendable spirit she has owned！Since she has set such a good example to us，she is worthy of being awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”