2014届高三英语名师语法专练课件：动词和动词短语 （77PPT）.ppt

1、动词和动词短语年份数量考点201320122011动词辨析9710动词短语辨析1313131.(2013浙江高考)When the group discussion is nearing its end,make sure to _ it with important points.A.conclude B.leadC.avoid D.hold【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要以重点而结束。conclude结束；lead指导,指引；avoid避免；hold抓住,握住。故选A。2.(2013江苏高考)The town is so beautiful!I just lo

2、ve it.Me too.The character of the town is well _.A.qualified B.preserved C.decorated D.simplified【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：这个城镇真美！我很喜欢。我也一样。这个城镇的特色保持得很好。qualify有资格，合格；preserve保护，保持，腌制；decorate装饰；simplify使简化。3.(2013天津高考)If you are in trouble,Mike is always willing to _ a hand.A.lend B.shake C.wave D.want【解析】选

3、A。考查动词辨析。句意：如果你有困难，迈克总是愿意伸出援手。lend借；shake摇动；wave挥手；want想。lend a hand帮忙。4.(2013新课标全国卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.A.check B.allow C.stop D.help【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：尽量能控制咳嗽就别咳嗽，因为会伤到肺。check检查；allow允许；stop停止；help帮助。can help(doing)sth.表示“阻止或避免(做)某事”。5.(2013

4、新课标全国卷)The watch was very good,and he _ 20 percent down for it.A.paid B.cost C.bought D.spent【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意：这块表很好，他八折买的。pay+money+for sth.为某物付多少钱；cost表示“花费”时，主语是物不是人；buy sb.sth./buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物；spend+money+on sth./in doing sth.在某物/做某事上花多少钱。故选A。6.(2013江西高考)She _ the carpet with some very nice

5、 curtains in colour.A.connected B.fittedC.equipped D.matched【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：在颜色上，她把地毯和好看的窗帘搭配起来。connect联系，连接；fit安装；equip装备；match相称，搭配。根据句意，选D。7.(2013福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.A.enjoys B.involvesC.practices D.suggests【解析】选B。

6、考查动词辨析。句意：米歇尔找到了一份当高中老师的工作，这份工作涉及和学生一起度过许多时间。involve包 含，涉 及；enjoy享 受，喜 欢；practice练 习；suggest建议，暗示。8.(2013湖北高考)While intelligent people can often _ the complex,a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A.sacrifice B.substitute C.simplify D.survive【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意：智者经常能够简化复杂的问题，而愚人更可能把简单的事情复杂化。sa

7、crifice牺牲；substitute替代，顶替；simplify简化；survive幸存下来。根据句意可知选C项。9.(2013湖北高考)According to the law,all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A.associate B.dispute C.negotiate D.register【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：依据法律，所有的外国人在到达后的两周内必须到当地的警察局注册登记。associate联系,结交；dispute争论；negotiate谈判；re

8、gister登记，注册。根据句意可知选D项。10.(2013新课标全国卷)Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?A.come along B.come offC.come across D.come through【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？come along一起来，出现，进展，赶快；come off实现，举行；come across被理解，偶然碰到；come through传出，恢复。11.(2013浙江高考)Bears _ fat stores throughout the summer

9、and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.A.pack up B.build upC.bring up D.take up【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天和秋天积蓄脂肪以便有足够的精力度过冬眠期。pack up停止，收工；build up逐渐增加；bring up抚养，使长大；take up开始从事，占据(时间、空间等)。故选 B。12.(2013天津高考)I had hoped to take a holiday this year,but I wasnt able to _

10、.A.get away B.drop inC.check out D.hold on【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我原本希望今年去度假的，但是我没能休假。get away离开，逃脱，休假；drop in(顺便)拜访；check out检查，结账离开；hold on坚持，别挂断。根据句意选A。13.(2013陕 西 高 考)My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking,but at least he has _.A.cut out B.cut downC.cut up D.cut off【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我叔叔一直没能把烟戒掉，但是

11、至少他抽烟少了。cut out停止运转，删去；cut down砍倒，缩减；cut up切碎；cut off切断，切除。根据句意，应选B。14.(2013新课标全国卷)At the last moment,Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.A.put up B.put inC.put on D.put off【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新的角色以使故事感觉更真实。put up举起，建立；put in 加入，放入；put on穿上，上演；put off 推迟。

12、15.(2013安 徽 高 考)Traditionally,college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey.A.give up B.settle downC.get through D.set off【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统上认为，大学生举行毕业典礼是为了在他们开始生活之旅之前为自己加油助威。set off动身，出发；give up放弃；settle down定居，平静下来，专心于；get through完成，接通(电

13、话等)。16.(2013辽宁高考)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires.A.get away B.take overC.set off D.run out【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：Mitchell退休后Briggs将接替她任总经理。get away离开，脱身，逃掉；take over接替，接管；set off动身，出发；run out用光，用尽。17.(2013江西高考)Mother always complains that children _ their shoes very quickly.A.find

14、 out B.wash outC.wear out D.set out【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：母亲总是抱怨孩子们把鞋穿破得太快了。find out找出，查明；wash out洗干净，洗掉；wear out穿破；set out动身，出发。18.(2013江苏高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members_ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A.get over B.look over C.take over D.co

15、me over【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：团队领导应该确保所有成员克服他们的想避免因犯错而产生尴尬的天性。get over克服，解决；look over查看，检查；take over接管，接任；come over过来，顺便来访，改变立场。热点考向 1 动词词义辨析1.主要考点:考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化,把动词放在鲜活的语境中进行考查。2.突破技巧:这类试题的四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。【真题变式】根据提示完成句子。(2012天津高考)Parents and childre

16、n should communicate more to _(缩小他们之间的隔阂)so that they can understand each other better.(2011江苏高考)Are you still mad at her?Not really,but I _(不能否认)that her remarks hurt me.narrow the gap between themcant deny热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析主要考点:对动词短语意义的考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put

17、,pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短语需要特别关注:1.breakbreak away from 放弃,打破;与脱离关系break down发生故障;(计划、谈判)失败;(精神、身体)垮掉;分解break in闯入,插嘴break into闯入break out(战争、瘟疫等)爆发,突然发生break up打碎,分手,分开,关系破裂2.bringbring about导致,造成,引起bring down使倒下,使降低bring in引进;带来;赚得;收获bring forward提出;提前bring out出版;生产;使显现brin

18、g up抚养,教育;提出;呕吐3.callcall for要求;需要;去取或去接call back回电话;回忆起call in召集;请;召来;顺便来访call up打电话给;召集;使想起call off取消call on号召,拜访ecome about发生come to苏醒;总计come across偶遇;无意中发现come true实现,成为现实(不及物)come out出版;结果是come up(建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议、计划、方案等)come on口语(催促)快点;(鼓励)来吧,加油;(不耐烦)得了,算了吧!5.getget across解释清楚;使被理解g

19、et away from避免;摆脱,逃离get away with侥幸成功;侥幸做成get around四处走动;传播开来get down to开始认真做某事get along/on with进展;与相处get over克服;从恢复或康复get rid of摆脱;除去get through通过;完成;接通电话6.givegive away赠送;泄露;分发give back归还give in屈服;让步;投降;认输give out分发;发出;公布,发表;用尽;筋疲力尽give up放弃,对不再抱有希望7.gogo against违背;不利于;反对go ahead开始(做某事);(表示同意对方提出的

20、要求或建议)说吧!做吧!开始吧!go around参观;(消息)传播go by过去;经过go down下降;下沉go on继续;发生;进行go over复习,仔细检查go through穿过;经历;仔细检查go with与相配go without没有也行8.holdhold back犹豫不决;隐瞒;阻止;抑制hold on=hang on别挂断电话;等一会儿;坚持下去hold out坚持;伸出hold up举起;阻挡,使耽搁hold on to紧紧抓住;保持,保留;不放弃9.keepkeep away from远离;避开;回避keep back扣下,留下;隐瞒;抑制,克制(感情)keep on

21、继续;坚持下去keep out of置身于之外;不卷入,不参与;避开keep up保持;继续;不低落keep up with跟上,不落后;与并驾齐驱keep an eye out for密切注意;留心;警惕keep an eye on照看,留意;密切注视10.leaveleave alone不打扰;不理,不管leave behind留下;丢下,丢弃leave out遗漏,忽略11.looklook around环顾四周look away from把目光从移开look into调查;窥视look back on/upon回忆/回顾look up查找,查询;向上看look up to尊敬;敬仰lo

22、ok down upon歧视,看不起look forward to盼望;期待look through浏览;快速查看look out(for)当心,留意,小心look on旁观12.makemake use of利用make up组成;编造;化妆;和解make up for补偿;弥补make for走向;有助于;促成,导致make sense有意义;有道理;讲得通make sense of理解;弄明白make out理解;分辨出,辨认出make it成功;成功到达某地;把某事确定在某个时间13.putput aside撇开;暂不考虑;储蓄put away收拾,整理;储存put back把放回原处

23、;推迟put forward提出;拨快put down记下,写下,镇压put out 伸出;扑灭;生产;出版put up建造,张贴;提供住宿put up with忍受;容忍put on穿上,增加,上演14.setset aside划出;留出;拨出set about doing sth.着手做某事set out出发,动身set out to do sth.着手做某事set off出发,动身;引起;使爆炸set up建立(组织、机构),创立15.turnturn away走开;转过脸去turn down拒绝;关小,调低turn up开大;出现,到场turn out结果是,证明是;生产turn ov

24、er把翻过来;翻阅,仔细考虑turn against反对;背叛turn to转向;求助于16.taketake after长得像某人take apart拆开;拆卸take back收回,撤销take down记下;拆卸;取下take away带走,拿走,剥夺take up从事,开始做;占据(时间、空间);着手处理;接着做(停顿的事情,如谈话)take in 吸收;接受;理解,欺骗take off起飞;脱下;成功,事业飞黄腾达take on呈现;具有;承担;雇用take over接管,接收take advantage of利用take it/things easy放松,别紧张take your

25、time慢慢来,别着急take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施做某事take action采取行动【真题变式】根据汉语提示用正确的动词短语完成句子。(2012全国卷)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can _(记下)almost every word her teacher says.(2012福建高考)You had better _(留出)some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.put down/

26、set down/write downset aside(2012陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the air-conditioning system _(出故障，出问题).(2012浙江高考)Armed with the information you have gathered,you can _(开始准备)your business plan.broke downset out to prepare/set about preparing/begin t

27、o prepare(2012四川高考)Its surprising that your brother _(学会)Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.(2011四川高考)To get a better grade,you should _(复习)the notes again before the test.(2011全国卷)I can _(忍受)the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.picked upgo overput up with热点考向 3 常见的系动词

28、的用法1.表示变化类的系动词，如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,make等。2.表示感觉类的系动词，如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3.表示状态类的系动词，如keep,remain,stand,stay,lie等。4.表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem,appear,look,表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。5.此类系动词的特点：只适用于主动语态；只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。【真题变式】理解下列句子中画线词的用法。(2012江西高考)We were all agreed that the cottage woul

29、dmake a perfect holiday home for the family.【解析】句中make为系动词，其后接名词作表语，意为“变成，成为”。(2010四 川 高 考)Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what looks nice.【解析】句中looks为系动词，其后接形容词作表语，意为“看起来”。热点考向 4 动词的熟词生义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，有的是经常使用的意义，有些词的一些意义学生不熟悉，因此要进行专门复习，它们是：1.act(熟义：v.&n.行动)It will take sev

30、eral hours before the drug really acts.(生义:vi.起作用)2.address(熟义：n.地址；vt.写地址)President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7.(生义:vt.向做演说)3.appreciate(熟义：vt.欣赏，感激，感谢)They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap.(生义:v.意识到)4.attend(熟义：vt.参加，出席)With sever

31、al patients to attend that night,the nurse felt very tired.(生义:vt.照料，照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town,the couple had to work day and night to earn more money.(生义:vt.上学)5.count(熟义：n.&v.计数，数)It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts.(生义:v.重要，有价值)6.escape(熟义

32、：vi.逃跑，逃脱)I saw a familiar face in the crowd.However,his name escaped me for the moment.(生义:vt.被忘掉)The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe.(生义:vi.泄漏，漏出)7.fail(熟义：vi.失败)Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter.(生义:vi.不足，缺乏)With time passing by,his memory is failing.(生义:vi.衰退)Try as the family mig

33、ht,they failed to find the lost child in the town.(生义:vi.未能)8.introduce(熟义：vt.介绍)When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe,they didnt accept them at all.(生义:vt.引入)9.make(熟义：vt.制造)New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers.(生义:vt.制定)He is making his own trouble by doing thi

34、s.(生义:vt.引起，导致，造成)She will make a great teacher.(生义:vt.成为，使形成)10.observe(熟义：vt.观察)Having lived abroad for many years,he still observed the old traditions and customs.(生义:vt.遵守)Every year,we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways.(生义:vt.庆祝)11.promise(熟义：v.&n.许诺，承诺，诺言)The young

35、 man promises to be a great thinker in the future.(生义:vi.有的希望，有的可能性)12.work(熟义：v.&n.工作)The medicine will soon work.(生义:vi.起作用)The machine works very well.(生义：vi.运转)【真题变式】正确理解下面画线动词的含义。(2012浙江高考)According to scientists,our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highes

36、t level at 22.【解析】从本句中的after reaching the highest level at 22可知，这里指人的思维能力从27岁开始“下降或衰退”。(2011全国卷)William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.【解析】学生一般理解fail一词意为“失败、不及格，未能做成”，而在本句中fail则意为“衰弱，减弱，消失，衰退”,本句意为“威廉发现阅读越来越困难，因为他的视力开始下降”。【命题小试】请根据以下内容命制一道考查动词短语辨析的题目。M

37、r.Richard was disappointed that many students who had signed up for the talent show dropped out at the last moment.【参考答案】Mr.Richard was disappointed that many students who had signed up for the talent show_at the last moment.A.left out B.got outC.passed outD.dropped out【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：理查德先生很失望，很多

38、报名参加这次才艺表演的学生，在最后时刻退出了。leave out 遗漏，忽略；get out 出去，离开，逃脱；pass out 昏倒，失去知觉；drop out 退出，辍学。故正确选项为D。易错点 1 语境理解不清，造成短语误用(母题)The police _to look into the case a week ago,but so far they havent found evidence that the man is guilty.A.set about B.set upC.set out D.set down【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:警方一周前开始调查这一案件，但是

39、到目前为止，他们还没有发现那个男子犯罪的证据。set out to do sth.开始做某事，符合句子语境。set about需要跟doing sth.表示“开始做某事”；set up建立，创立，成立；set down写下，记下。故选C。(变 式)Joan was unhappy because the news about the earthquake striking her country _ an attack of homesickness.A.set aside B.set outC.set about D.set off【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：Joan感到很不高兴，

40、因为她的家乡遭受地震袭击的消息引起了她的思乡之情。set aside留出，把搁在一边；set out 出发，起程；set about着手做某事；set off 引起，激起。故本题正确答案为D。【误区点拨】set aside留出(时间、金钱等)；把搁在一边set out to do sth.=set about doing sth.着手做某事set off出发，动身；引起，激起易错点 2 动词的熟词生义用法误用(母题)(2011安徽高考)As the story_,the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A.begins B

41、.happens C.ends D.develops【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意：随着故事的展开，那位奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。develop发展，展开。(变式)It was when Chuck Noland was deserted on a lonely island that he began to _friendship with a volleyball.A.preserve B.develop C.keep D.value【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：正是当Chuck Noland被抛在一个荒岛上时，他开始和一只排球建立了友谊。develop friendshi

42、p with sb.与某人建立友谊。preserve 保存，保持；keep 保持；value 珍惜。【误区点拨】1.(2013天津模拟)Changing the design of a new product maythe risk of its production in the market.A.bring aboutB.come aboutC.bring up D.come up【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:改变一种新产品的设计可能在市场上会对其生产造成风险。bring about导致,产生;come about发生;bring up抚养,教育,吐出;come up过来,故正确答

43、案为A。2.The 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature wasto Chinese writer Mo Yan,whose novel Red Sorghum was successfully filmed in 1987.A.returned B.distributedC.abandonedD.awarded【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意:2012年度诺贝尔文学奖被授予了中国作家莫言,他的小说红高粱在1987年被成功拍成了电影。return归还;distribute分布,分配;abandon放弃,遗弃;award授予,奖给。故本题正确答案为D。3.(2013贵阳模

44、拟)The officialto say more about the plan,so the details of it remain secret.A.agreed B.declinedC.attemptedD.declared【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意:官员婉言拒绝对计划再多说一点,因此它的细节仍然是保密的。agree同意;decline谢绝;attempt尝试,试图;declare宣布。由此可知本题选B。4.Many pupils said they were not happy because varieties of classestheir playtime.A.occup

45、iedB.wastedC.coveredD.divided【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:许多学生说他们不快乐,因为各种各样的课占用了他们做游戏的时间。occupy占用,侵占;waste浪费;cover覆盖,涉及,包括;divide划分,使产生分歧。由词义可知,本题正确答案为A。5.(2013合肥模拟)My best friend,Amy,is always supportive,so her friendship undoubtedlya great deal to me.A.devotes B.contributesC.meansD.submits【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:我最好

46、的朋友,埃米,总是支持我,她的友谊对我来说无疑是非常重要的。devote to专心于,致力于;contribute to贡献,有助于;mean(a lot/a great deal/much)to sb.(某事)对于某人而言非常重要;submit to顺从,听命于。故本题的正确选项为C。6.(2013成 都 模 拟)As the road to the airport is under reconstruction,wed betterearly to avoid the traffic jam.A.get off B.set offC.put offD.take off【解析】选B。考查动词

47、短语辨析。句意:因为通向机场的道路正在重建,所以我们最好还是早点动身避免交通阻塞。set off(也可以说set out)意为“出发,动身,启程”。put off意为“推迟,拖延”;take off意为“脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞;(事业)腾飞”;get off意为“下车”。根据句意可知选B项。7.Too many private cars are trapped on the highways which are free of charge for the first time,causing heavy traffic jams,some evenfor several hours.A.

48、held up B.broken upC.taken upD.given up【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:太多的私家车被困在第一次实行免费的高速公路上,导致了严重的交通阻塞,有些甚至阻塞了几个小时。hold up阻塞。8.The idea of travelling abroad reallya lot of Chinese people.Thats why every year witnesses more people applying for passports.A.takes to B.caters toC.attends to D.appeals to【解析】选D。考查动词

49、短语辨析。根据题中的后一句可知,出国旅游吸引了很多中国人,因此选择appeal to意为“吸引”。cater to意为“迎合,满足(某人的要求)”;attend to意为“照看,处理”;take to意为“开始喜欢”。9.We are disappointed that the rainy weather hasa picnic for the weekend.A.ruled out B.turned outC.brought outD.taken out【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:阴雨天气让周末的野餐成为了泡影,我们感到很失望。rule out阻止的发生,使成为不可能;turn o

50、ut结果是,生产;bring out出版,使显现;take out取出,去掉。故本题正确选项为A。10.Tom received a promotion to the role of assistant manager and was the youngest person tothat post in this international company.A.adoptB.occupyC.acquireD.seek【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意:汤姆受到提拔担任了助理经理的角色。他是这家跨国公司中最年轻的担任这一职位的人。adopt采纳,收养;occupy占据,担任职务或处于某一地位;ac

51、quire获得;seek寻找。故本题正确选项为B。11.(2013苏州模拟)A yellow taxialongside a truck at the traffic lights when an elderly woman was crossing the road.A.brought up B.took upC.pulled upD.put up【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:正当一位老太太穿越马路时,一辆黄色的出租车在交通灯处停在了一辆卡车旁边。bring up抚养,提出,吐出;take up从事,占据(时间、空间);pull up停下,停车,拔掉;put up举起,张贴,建造。依

52、据题意。本题正确选项为C。12.(2013内江模拟)The US President Obamaunity and hoped to do things as one nation and one people at the ceremony for his second term.A.called in B.called offC.called upD.called for【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:美国总统奥巴马在第二届任期的庆祝会上要求团结,并且希望以一个国家和一个民族的身份行事。call in召集;call off取消;call up打电话;call for要求,需要。根据句意可知选D项。