2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 20 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全训练（含解析）北师大版.doc

1、科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)biotechnology transplant clone technology digital artificial intelligence innovative scientific radiation sustainable invention astronomy astronaut database instant value communicate announce convenient (二)主题词汇训练.单句语法填空1They were

2、 accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially (artificial) high.2It is the superior intelligence (intelligent) and the use of language that distinguish man from the other animals.3It is our governments strategy to maintain the sustainable (sustain) development of society.4There are cer

3、tain factors I must take into account on my new invention (invent)5They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific (science) discoveries.6He was one of the most creative and innovative (innovate) engineers of his generation.7Technological (technology) develo

4、pment is to provide humans with a life of high quality instead of replacing human beings.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1On balance, biotechnology should be good news for developing countries. 生物技术2He was recovering from a heart transplant operation. 移植3Some people believed that clone technology is an efficient way

5、of protecting endangered species. 克隆4The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day. 数字5They suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation. 辐射6He wants to put them in a database so that he can use them. 数据库7Wang Yaping has become the second Chinese

6、 woman astronaut to work in space. 宇航员8Although it was a great hobby for her, she wanted to study astronomy as a career. 天文学.用本单元词汇替换加蓝单词1Its difficult to value the effects of these changes. assess 2You cant communicate with your mother because she doesnt have a computer. correspond 3He announced th

7、at he would not run for a second term as president. declared二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解Zhang Zhixia is sitting in a black metal chair with her reading glasses on.She is back in class after leaving school almost five decades ago. The 62yearold former kindergarten teacher is all ears. She is determined not to be l

8、eft behind by Chinas technology revolution and learning with great attention.In Zhangs lifetime, China has become one of the worlds largest economies, with a population that has, for a large part, experienced the rapid pace of technological change. There are already 890 million users of mobile phone

9、 payment apps across China, for example. In urban China, many people have gone almost completely cashless, at a faster pace than many more advanced economies. Everything from coffees to cars can be purchased with a simple tap on the mobile screen. But that has left some elderly people feeling left b

10、ehind.Every week, Zhang attends “cell phone classes” run by a volunteer group, See Young, in Panzhuang, in northwestern Beijing. “Im so eager to learn，” Zhang says. “I signed up for the class immediately and came with my phone charged to its fullest.” While Zhang has made big progress in mastering h

11、er phone, she says she still pays her hospital bills with notes. “Im so jealous of other people. They pay with a simple scan but I need to count my notes by hand one by one，” she says.As urban life in China increasingly includes digital life, the way of living Zhang knew for decades shopping in stor

12、es, queuing in banks is fading fast. “The popularity of new digital tools has a great effect on the life of the elderly，” says Lu Jiehua, a professor at Peking University. Lu says that group is sometimes referred to as “digital refugees”. Lu says that while new technologies are trying make life more

13、 convenient for people it has made things harder for some older citizens.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。中国科技的飞速发展，特别是手机支付的普及，让人们的生活越来越便利，但是有些老人跟不上技术的发展，他们不会使用这便捷的支付方式，被称为“数字难民”。为了改变这种现状，有些老人开始了积极的学习。1Why is Zhang Zhixia back in class?AShe is eager to read more books.BShe intends to make more friends.CShe wants to st

14、art her career again.DShe desires to keep up with technology.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，她去学习就是为了让自己跟上新科技的步伐。2What can we learn from Paragraph 2?APeople living in cities like to pay in cash.BDigital life has a large number of disadvantages.CChina has experienced big technological changes.DIt is hard for

15、older citizens to accept smart phones.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，中国经历了科技的飞速发展。3What does Zhang think of digital payment?AComplex.BConvenient.CSafe. DLimited.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句可知，她认为电子支付很方便。.完形填空Everyone goes through some form of change. Going through change can teach us about our _1_. In order to mo

16、ve on in life we must _2_ change. We either accept it or _3_ it. I have chosen to take it on with a _4_.Before entering junior high school, I thought _5_ would be the same as things in my primary school. And then I began to realize that wasnt _6_ not only was there more work but there were _7_ frien

17、ds. That also meant my old group of friends started to split up. As months went by, I realized I should _8_ the fact that we were all going through a big change and that it was okay to grow _9_.I have also learned we should never _10_ ourselves for someone but rather for ourselves. It is important f

18、or me to be happy and I shouldnt have to change myself only to _11_ someone else. Recently, I have been able to realize that not everyone will _12_ me or what I do or what I wear, and thats okay.I believe in change but only if _13_ from that person is put into it. If someone doesnt try to change, th

19、en I believe he wont _14_ his goal and that he could possibly _15_ the person or thing he loves. I noticed this _16_ a friend of mine. She _17_ saying she was going to change, but she put no effort into it and because of this she lost many close friends.As we get older, it becomes easier to try new

20、things and meet new people. Our _18_ no longer affect just ourselves but our family and friends as well. Life is based on making decisions, some of them _19_， and some of them bad. Its these decisions that make us who we are. Most people are _20_ of change, but I choose to accept it gladly.语篇解读：本文是一

21、篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了每个人的一生中都会面对很多改变，很多人对此感到不安与害怕，而作者却选择微笑面对改变。1A.processBsuccessCschool Dlife解析：选D根据本空后的“In order to move on in life”以及下文内容可知，经历改变可以教会我们关于生活的(life)知识。 2A.bring about Bbelieve inCadapt to Dthink up解析：选C为了在人生中前行，我们必须适应(adapt to)改变。 3A.welcome BadmitCmake Dfight解析：选D此处与本空前的“accept it”形成对比。我们要

22、么接受改变，要么与之抗争(fight)。4A.smile BpurposeCdream Dquestion解析：选A根据下文内容，尤其是最后一段中的“I choose to accept it gladly”可知，作者选择微笑(smile)面对改变。 5A.nothing BeverythingCsomeone Deveryone解析：选B作者曾以为上初中后，一切事情(everything)和小学时应该是一样的。 6A.surprising BtrueCperfect Dimportant解析：选B然而一开学，作者就意识到这不是真的(true)。 7A.new BcloseCreal Dper

23、sonal解析：选A根据本空后的“my old group of friends”可知，上了初中后，作者有了更多的课业，也有了新(new)朋友。 8A.examine BproveCaccept Dexplain解析：选C几个月后，作者意识到自己应该接受(accept)现实：我们都在经历巨大的变化，分开(apart)也是可行的。9A.fast BapartCwell Dsteadily解析：选B参考上题解析。10A.hurt BlimitCblame Dchange解析：选D根据下文内容可知，作者也认识到绝不应为了别人而改变(change)自己，而应该为自己而改变。下文中“I shouldnt

24、 have to change myself”也是提示。 11A.please BserveCimitate Drespect解析：选A根据本空前的“It is important for me to be happy”可知，不能只是为了取悦(please)他人而改变自己。 12A.remember BaccompanyCrefuse Dappreciate解析：选D作者认为自己快乐也很重要，因此就算别人不欣赏(appreciate)自己，或是自己做的事，或是自己的穿着，也没关系。 13A.wealth BsupportCeffort Dcare解析：选C根据下文的“she put no ef

25、fort into it”可知，此处指的是付出的努力(effort)。 14A.achieve BshareCset Dunderstand解析：选A根据下文的“she lost many close friends”可知，如果有人不努力改变，就不会达到(achieve)自己目标，也可能会失去(lose)自己爱的人或东西。 15A.hate BforgetClose Dtrust解析：选C参考上题解析。16A.began with Bhappened toCappealed to Dstayed with解析：选B根据下文描述的该朋友的遭遇可知，此处指作者注意到这样的例子发生在(happene

26、d to)她的一位朋友身上。 17A.avoided BdislikedCconsidered Dkept解析：选D她不断地说自己会改变，但是却不为之付出努力，因此她失去了许多亲密的朋友。keep doing sth.“一直做，不断地做”。18A.experiences BreactionsCdecisions Dattitudes解析：选C根据下文的“these decisions”可知，我们的决定不再只影响我们自己，也影响着我们的家人和朋友。 19A.good BclearCbig Dfirm解析：选A根据空后“and some of them bad”可知，空处与bad形成对比，故goo

27、d符合题意。20A.aware BafraidCtired Dashamed解析：选B此处与空格后的“I choose to accept it gladly”形成对比，大多数人害怕改变，但是作者选择欣然接受它。afraid of“害怕”。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)download update technical phenomenon simplify exploration analysis solve automatic engineer software successful spacecraft program

28、mer research upload surf achievement access click (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)spacecraft， software， update， download， solve， engineer， research， surf， achievement， click 1Ignoring the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.2I open the Amazon Music Store and

29、download some romantic tunes for tonight.3He was back in the office, updating the work schedule on the computer.4On his way back to the Earth, the spacecraft was out of control.5Its safe to assume that there will always be a demand for new software.6No one knows how many people currently surf the Ne

30、t.7I clicked on a link and recent reviews of the production came up.8This wont solve the problem but its a step in the right direction.单句语法填空1This paper shares some of our experience during our exploration (explore)2Try to simplify (simple) your explanation to the students to help them understand be

31、tter.3In a way our programmer (program) is like our coach.4I am looking forward to a long and successful (success) partnership with him.5It may take a long time to find a solution (solve) to the problem.6The engineer (engine) and his partners held frequent meetings concerning technical problems.7We

32、agreed with his acute analysis (analyze) of the political situation.8He gave me some explanations of these space phenomena (phenomenon)9To the surprise of the little boy, the door opened automatically (automatic) as he approached.10Technical (technology) progress would put our firm in possession of

33、the home market.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解I was backing my wifes car out of our driveway when I realized I wasnt watching the back up camera, nor was I looking out of the rear window (后窗). I was only listening for those highpitched beeps that my car produced as I approached an object. The problem was that my wi

34、fes car, an older model, didnt offer such beeps. I had become so dependent on this technology that I stopped paying attention, a problem with potentially dangerous results.The percentage of new cars sold with backup cameras doubled, but the backup death rate declined by less than a third while backu

35、p injuries dropped only 8 percent.Perhaps one reason is, as a report puts it, “Many drivers are not aware of the limitations” of the technology. The report also found that one in five drivers were just like me they had become so dependent on the backup aids that they experienced a crash or near miss

36、 while driving other vehicles.The fact that our brains so easily give this task to technology makes me worry about the tech industrys aspirations (抱负) everything is fully autonomous. Could technology designed to save us from our lapses in attention actually make us even less attentive?Ubers march to

37、ward a selfdriving car hit a major speed bump (缓速块) last year, when one of its selfdriving cars struck and killed a walker. While a lot of focus was on how a vehicle with cameras and radar sensors could completely miss a human being on the road, less has been said about the failure of the most compl

38、exly programmed system in the vehicle the brain of the human in the drivers seat.When I bought that first fivespeed BMW, my dad reminded me about safety, thinking that driving a stick would be less safe. He was wrong. Though research on the safety of manual transmissions (手动变速) is slight, one study

39、on the driving performance of teenage boys showed that cars with manual transmissions resulted in safer, more attentive driving than automatics. This suggests that the cure for our attention problem might be less technology, not more.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己倒车的例子来说明现代技术是为了给人们开车带来便利，却造成了人们注意力的缺失，导致了事故的发生

40、。1What is reflected in the writers experience of backing up?ADrivers ignore potential dangers.BDrivers are too careless in driving.CDrivers should quit old model cars.DDrivers depend on technology heavily.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，通过举自己倒车的例子，作者认为现在的人们过度依赖科学技术。2The underlined word “lapses” can be replac

41、ed by “_”AshortcomingsBdisordersCneeds Dmistakes解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词前面的“technology designed to save us from .”可知，现代驾驶技术本来是为了防止人们开车时候的疏忽，结果却造成了人们注意力缺失，故lapse意为“疏忽”。故选D。3What should be focused on in Ubers car accident according to the writer?AThe failure of radar sensors.BThe limitations of technology.

42、CThe fault of the human driver.DThe carelessness of the walker.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“the brain of the human in the drivers seat”可知，作者认为人们在关注这次自动驾驶汽车车祸中忽视了驾驶人的问题。4What does the writer want to say in the last paragraph?AMore research on cars needs to be done.BStickshift cars are safer than automatics.C

43、Teenagers tend to drive cars with caution.DDriverless cars should be officially banned.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为开手动挡的汽车比自动挡更安全。为了让人们开车时注意力集中，也许不应该通过使用更多的技术，而是用更少的技术，故选B。.阅读七选五(2021北京一零一中学月考)Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go.

44、They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of whats happening around them. _1_ Outside life is shut out.So are you one of “them”？For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. _2_ Whats even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says, “Im no

45、t available for chatting at the moment！”Suppose, youre at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough, but a colleague suddenly turns up.At this precise moment, the slightest disturbance would break your concentration. _3_ Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give th

46、at “Go away！” signal. _4_ Its probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family.While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.Pretty

47、soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new hightech instruments.Well be in a virtual (虚拟的) world, communicating with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like.In this world, we will all be permanently plugged

48、in._5_ And they are changing our social habits along the way.In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! Its so strange suddenly, I dont feel like wearing my earphones anymore.AOur instruments are changing quickly.BI also have w

49、ires hanging from my ears.CIn the home situation, teenagers love these wires.DI dont have to deal with the noise from the environment.EAfter all, I am listening to my favorite music and would rather not be disturbed.FListening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruption

50、s.GThey walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。科技改变了人们的生活习惯，本来是为了使生活更美好，但人们似乎在逐渐成为科技的奴隶。1选G根据上下文可知，人们塞着耳机，沉浸在自己的世界里，有时甚至意识不到外界发生的事情，以及空格后一句提到“外界环境是被关闭的”，G项“他们在各自的空间活动，戴着他们自己的数码降噪系统(耳机)”承上启下。2选D根据下文可知，戴着耳机对于别人来说是一个信号，告诉他们现在自己不想讲话。“Whats eve

51、n better”表明空格处与后一句为并列关系，都说明戴耳机的好处。D项“我无需应对外界的噪音”符合上下文文意。3选F根据上文可知，就在此时此刻，一点小小的干扰都会使你注意力不集中。再根据后一句可知，你耳朵上的耳机会对周围的人会给出“走开，请勿打扰”的暗示。空格处与后一句为并列关系，说明耳机在避免被打扰方面所起的作用。F项“用耳机听音乐就是一个很好的避免干扰的方法”符合上下文文意。4选C根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲青少年在家里戴耳机的原因，故C项“青少年喜欢在家里使用耳机”符合本段文意。5选A根据后一句可知，它们也在改变着我们的生活方式，and提示空格处与后一句为并列关系，且话题一致。A项“我

52、们的设备在快速变化”符合文意。.书面表达假定你是李华， 你的英国笔友Tom得知你校上个月举办了首届校园科技节活动， 发邮件向你询问相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1活动的目的；2活动的形式， 如智能校园创客(maker)大赛， 科创成果展等；3你的感受。注意：1.词数100左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数；2可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month， 参考范文：Dear To

53、m，I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month, which aimed at enriching us students school life and promoting the students awareness of innovation.There were a variety of activities in the festival，which included Makers on Campus, where p

54、articipants could show their designs and products, and an exhibition of the students original inventions, designs and literary works.With the enthusiastic participation and support of all the students, the activity turned out a great success.I was astonished at the schoolmates creativity and teamwork spirits.I do hope more activities will be held in my school to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problemsolving abilities.Yours，Li Hua