2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 优秀品行 正确的人生态度 公民义务与社会责任练习（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

1、优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)dignityadmirepersonality virtue forgetful ambitious thoughtful sensitive aggressive energetic dutiful determined strict stubborn cheerful intelligence distinction qualification gifted talented (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1The goal of life

2、 is the heart of human virtue and human happiness. 美德2If you were wrong, admit it. You wont lose dignity, but will gain respect.尊严3She worries because her mothers getting very forgetful.健忘的4It was very thoughtful of you to make all the necessary arrangements for us.考虑周到的5Chris is so ambitious, so de

3、termined to do it all. 有雄心壮志的6We need to draw a distinction between the two events. 区别；差别7Lucy wants to study medicine but needs more qualifications.学历8They were both dutiful and attentive sons, and were regular in their visits to their parents. 尽责的.单句语法填空1He won the admiration (admire) of many peop

4、le in the battle against COVID19.2Its cheerful (cheer) that the new bridge has been finished two months ahead of schedule.3If you want to lose weight, youd better diet strictly (strict)4We are determined (determine) to carry out the plan if you have no objection.5As far as Im concerned, he is one of

5、 the most talented (talent) students in our class.6The most energetic (energy) and important festival is the Spring Festival, which looks forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring.7Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent (inte

6、lligence), fails.8The special class is made up of some gifted (gift) children in the art.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解ABorn in London in 1825, Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the great men of the nineteenth century.In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed assistant doctor aboard HM.S. Rattlesnake.The ship had been

7、 asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and the neighboring seas.This gave Thomas Henry Huxley an opportunity to study animal life and was the start of his biological career.The voyage lasted four years, during which time he gathered much information on plankton (浮游生物)On his return from the

8、 voyage, Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the Royal Society in recognition of his scientific work.Although he continued to publish papers about plankton, his interest was turning towards vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals.For some time Thomas Henry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing the pos

9、sibility that animal species had evolved (进化), one from another.No satisfactory theories had been put forward, but in 1859 Darwins Origin of Species appeared.Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided “the working hypothesis (假说) we sought”Fo

10、r the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition of Darwins work.In 1863 Thomas Henry Huxley published Mans place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes (猿). He clearly showed similarities.Despite his many achievements he was given no award by the Britis

11、h state until late in his life.From about 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley was too involved in other things to continue actual research.He had always been interested in education.He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting “type animals” is still followed today.He spent the last ten ye

12、ars of his life writing essays mainly on biology.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国生物学家、教育家赫胥黎的生平以及他的主要科学研究。1Why did Huxley go on the voyage?ATo explore the deep sea.BTo do research on sea animals.CTo work as a doctor on the ship.DTo gather information for his paper.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的“In 1846 Thomas Henry Huxley

13、was appointed assistant doctor aboard HM.S.Rattlesnake.”可知，赫胥黎进行这次航行的最初目的是在船上担任助理医生。2How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?AHe had doubt about it.BHe thought highly of it.CHe couldnt understand it.DHe thought he developed it first.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，赫胥黎很重视达尔文的自然选择学说。3What do w

14、e know about Huxleys book Mans Place in Nature?AIt discusses the importance of human beings.BIt focuses on Darwins theory of natural selection.CIt talks about the differences between man and apes.DIt provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，赫胥黎在他的著作人类在自然界的位置中比较了人类

15、与猿之间的相似处，说明他们在进化过程中的联系。4What can we learn about Huxley from the last paragraph?AHe continued his research till his death.BHe contributed a lot to biology teaching.CHe never got awards for his achievements.DHe became a good novelist late in his life.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He had always been . type animal

16、s is still followed today.”可知，赫胥黎在生物教学方面做出了很大的贡献。BRich as a KingWilliam ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet (抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower (割草机). Ho

17、w did he get by?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldnt buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous d

18、ead people, youd think Id be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howards new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with gl

19、ass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. Youd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to reali

20、ze that even by todays standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers fancy

21、 counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.语篇解读：本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。5What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?ASucceed as a king.BDeal with complaints.CLive in a satisfactory way.

22、DGet some extra money.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句并结合对第一段第二句的理解可推知，没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。6How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?A3.B4.C5. D6.解析：选B细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四位历史人物，他们分别是：William ， Croesus, Alexander

23、 the Great和Czar Nicholas。7According to the passage, the author intends to .Atell us to be content with lifeBwarn us to live in a simple wayCteach us to learn lessons from lifeDencourage us to struggle for wealth解析：选A写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。8Whats the authors a

24、ttitude towards life?ADoubtful. BOptimistic.CUncaring. DCautious.解析：选B观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段的最后两句可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。.阅读七选五Have you ever noticed that when your friend likes something, you like it, too. Its the situation of “Love me, love my dog.” 1 A new study has found that friends can affect each other

25、in both positive and negative ways.Smoking can be influential among friends. 15 years ago, it seemed that everyone I knew smoked. 2 Smoking is forbidden in offices, restaurants, and other public places. Smokers and nonsmokers dont hang out with each other as much. So, if youre a smoker, keep in mind

26、 that if you quit, your friends are likely to follow suit. And if you dont smoke, be nice to that guy in the office smoking outside. Maybe you can pass your healthy habit to him.Donation can be affected by friends. 3 In one Stanford study of a corporate donation program to the United Way, people gav

27、e more money when their desks were closer to those of bigger donors. And now, the new study shows how being generous to good friends can set off a domino (多米诺) effect. 4 Experts have found that having a firstdegree friend who is happy increases your possibility of happiness by 15 percent. If that fr

28、iend lives less than a mile away, the effect goes up to 25 percent. When you have a thirddegree friend who is happy, your possibility of being happy increases by a larger percent. 5 ASo go out and make a happy friend.BBeing happy makes you extremely attractive.CLevels of happiness can be influenced

29、among friends.DWhen your friend hates something, you also hate it.ETry not to hang out with smokers if you are a nonsmoker.F80 percent of people gave away things because of people around.GHowever, the changes in the culture have made smoking less acceptable.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。朋友之间会相互影响。一项新的研究发现，朋友之间的相互影响

30、既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。1选D根据空前一句可知，当你的朋友喜欢某样东西时，你也喜欢它。这是一种“爱屋及乌”的情况。根据空后一句可知，一项新的研究发现，朋友之间的相互影响既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。承上启下，D项(当你的朋友讨厌某事时，你也讨厌它。)切题，故选D项。2选G根据空前一句可知，15年前，我认识的人似乎都抽烟。根据后文“Smoking is forbidden . out with each other as much.”可知，办公室、餐厅和其他公共场所禁止吸烟。吸烟者和不吸烟者彼此不常出去玩。结合上下文可知大家对吸烟的接受程度情况发生了变化， G项(然而，文化的变化使吸烟

31、越来越不能被接受。)能够解释这一点，故选G项。3选F根据上文“Donation can be affected by friends.”可知，捐款会受到朋友的影响。根据空后一句可知，斯坦福大学(Stanford)一项针对联合基金会(United Way)企业捐赠项目的研究发现，当人们的办公桌离捐钱多的人的办公桌更近时，他们会捐出更多的钱。承上启下，F项(80%的人因为周围的人而捐东西。)切题，故选F项。4选C根据后文“Experts have found . the effect goes up to 25 percent.”可知，专家发现，拥有一个快乐的一级朋友，你快乐的可能性会增加15%。

32、如果那个朋友住的地方离你不到一英里，这种影响就会上升到25%。承接下文，C项(朋友之间的快乐程度会受到影响。)切题，故选C项。5选A根据上文可知，朋友之间的快乐程度会受到影响，你的朋友越快乐，你快乐的可能性越高。A项(所以，走出去，交一个快乐的朋友。)符合语境，故选A项。.语法填空Zhou Shihao, 17, from Shanghai Yichuan High School, was shocked by the statistics he had found. 1 he was looking into the use of cellphones by drivers, he foun

33、d that more than 30% of them reached for their cellphones on the road.“Any use of handheld devices (设备) should be 2 (firm) forbidden while driving，” said Zhou. “Its not a daily chore, but a serious social issue.”The teenagers concerns led to his drafting a proposal on this issue something 3 he did t

34、ogether with five other schoolmates in the Mock Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference competition in the Putuo District of Shanghai.Zhou and his schoolmates were not alone. In January, many Shanghai youngsters, even elementary school students, took part in Mock CPPCC competitions 4 (hold

35、) in their local districts and handed in proposals on issues ranging from network security and the future city to the protection of 5 (tradition) culture.“The competition really encourages us students to focus on social issues and play an active role 6 taking responsibility for our country，” said Zh

36、ang Simin, 17, from Shanghai Nanyang High School.The senior students used to think that the handling of state affairs was just for politicians. But thinking on the “3：30 problem” changed her mind.Kids usually finish school at 3：30. However, most parents work until 6：00, 7 (make) it hard for them to

37、pick kids up. “This is a problem weve all been through，” said Zhang.To help students, Zhangs school 8 (invite) deputies to the National Peoples Congress to give students instruction.“Thanks to the deputies, we finally understand its not who is to blame that 9 (matter), but finding the best solution，

38、” said Zhang.“The competition aims to encourage a sense of citizenship among Chinas Post00s generation，” said Xia Jing, a teacher from Shanghai Jinyuan Senior High School. “Through this channel, students can let their 10 (voice) be heard.”语篇解读：上海市宜川中学的学生周世豪和他的同学一起参加了上海普陀区的模拟政协会议比赛，并提交了一份关于开车时使用手持设备问

39、题的提案。这种比赛促使学生更加关注社会问题。1When/While/As考查状语从句。句意：当他调查司机使用手机的情况时，他发现30%以上的司机在路上会伸手拿手机。根据句意并结合空后的“he was looking into”可知，空处表示“当时”，故可知答案。2firmly考查副词。空处修饰动词forbidden，作状语，表示“坚决禁止”，故用副词firmly。3that考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作及物动词did的宾语，修饰先行词something, something是不定代词，故用that引导该定语从句。4held考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词ho

40、ld与其逻辑主语“Mock CPPCC competitions”之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。5traditional考查形容词。根据空前的“the protection of”和空后的名词“culture”可知，应用tradition的形容词形式。6in考查固定搭配。play an active role in .为固定搭配，意为“在中发挥积极的作用”。7making考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作状语，表示结果，故用现在分词形式。8invited考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，该句陈述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。9matters考查主谓一致。分析该句结构可知，此处为强调句型，that指代who is to blame，在从句中作主语，为第三人称单数形式，故填matters。10voices考查名词的复数。句意：通过这一渠道，学生们能让人们听到他们的呼声。voice表示“意见，呼声”时，为可数名词，根据该句中的“students”和“their”并结合句意可知，该处应用复数形式voices。