2023届新教材高考英语全程一轮复习 Unit 4 Natural Disasters学生用书 新人教版必修第一册.docx

1、UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERS(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高识记单词写对.知其意1tornado n. _2drought n. _3landslide n. _4tsunami n. _5magnitude n. _6helicopter n. _7crack n. _vi.& vt. _8brick n. _9metal n. _10evacuate vt. _vi. _11volcano n. _12shelter n. _vt. _vi. _13hurricane n. _14pipe n. _15kit n. _16summary n. _.写其形1_ n灾难；灾害2

2、_ vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动3_ n洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没4_ vt.摧毁；毁灭5_ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动6_ vt.破坏；毁坏7_ n电；电能8_ vt.埋葬；安葬9_ vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体10_ npl.补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt.供应；供给11_ vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n水龙头；轻叩；轻敲12_vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n哨子(声)；呼啸声13_n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助14. _ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n撞车；碰撞15_ vt.& vi.(sw

3、ept, swept)打扫；清扫核心单词练通12021全国甲卷I come to you，hat in hand，to apologize for the _ (损坏， 损失)I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.22021天津卷3月，书面表达They are the representatives of ancient civilization and the _(智慧， 才智) of ancient folks.32021全国乙卷The collapse was

4、 disastrous, requiring the _ (紧急情况)medical team and good teamwork.4We should recognise our childrens _(努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.5After he had been_ (使落入险境) for more than 40 hours, he was saved by a _ (救援) team.6His mother stood there, _ (挥手) goodbye to her son on the tr

5、ain.7If you are lost in the mountains, stay_ (镇静的) in the face of darkness, loneliness and the unknown.8A powerful typhoon_ (侵袭) my town several years ago and a large number of people became homeless.拓展单词用活.记全记牢1die v死亡_adj. 无生命的_adj.致命的 adv.极度地_n死；死亡2shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊_adj.令人震惊的_adj.感到震惊的

6、3breath n呼吸_adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的_vi.& vt.呼吸4revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒_n振兴；复苏5suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦_n折磨；苦难_n. 患难者；患病者6erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生_n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发7survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过_n幸存者；生还者_n幸存8power n电力供应；能量；力量；控制力_adj.强大的；有力的_adj.无力的；没有能力的9emerge vi.浮现；出现_adj.紧急的_n突发事件；紧急情况10deliv

7、er vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表_n投递；送交11effect n影响；结果；效果_adj.有效果的12long adj.长的_n长；长度_v.(使)变长.用准用活12021新高考卷Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the _(survive) of our natural resources.Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in _ the terrible flood and they were the only two _(surv

8、ive)2The_ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 _ up to now.(dead)3Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to _ the fresh air. Although I became _ when I was on the top，the _ of fresh air was worth it. (breath)4To begin with, make sure you keep awake. Besides, do everything in you

9、r_(power) to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue.Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeares writing remains _(power) and true.5In order to find more_ ways to protect the environment and help all of us avoid waste, we called on the government to put

10、 the law into _(effect)6The old man went through a lot of_ in the old days. Whats worse，he _ from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)7We were_ at the _ news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)(二)语境记忆短语不枯燥兴趣高.记全记牢1_ 严重受损；破败不堪2_ 震惊；吃惊3_ 现有(尤指帮助)4_ 挖掘5_ 露天；在户外6_ 消灭；彻底消除7_ 结束8_ 急救箱9_ 被

11、困在10_ 像往常一样.用准用活选用左栏短语填空1The emergency services were_ with medical advice.2Many bridges were_ by the floods yesterday.3It is likely that they_ a traffic jam at that time.4They were on the point of putting up the tent_ when a loud whistle frightened them.会积累联想拓展1后缀-th高频名词荟萃length长度strength 力量warmth 温

12、暖width 宽度depth 深度wealth 财富2. 各种“惊讶”astonishing adj.令人惊讶的astonished adj. 惊讶的amazing adj. 令人吃惊的amazed adj. 吃惊的shocking adj. 令人震惊的shocked adj. 感到震惊的3“in名词”短语面面观in trouble在困境中in danger 处于危险中in return 作为回报in shock 震惊；吃惊in order 井然有序in place 在适当的位置(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高句式背诵句型1too形容词to. “太而不能”Chickens and even pi

13、gs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至连猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。句型2be doing sth. when.“正在做某事，这时突然”I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。句型3as if. “似乎/好像”It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世

14、界末日即将来临！句式仿写1在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名后，刘英兴奋得睡不着觉。Having won first prize in the English speech contest, Liu Ying_2我们正在爬山，这时突然下起了倾盆大雨。_ it began to rain cats and dogs.3童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生似的。 Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind_过重难 解惑释疑先练透再写美互动探究1.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(1)be affected by受的影响；被感动be

15、affected with 感染疾病(2)effect n. 作用；影响have an effect/influence on/upon 对产生影响(3)affection n. 喜爱show/have/feel much/an affection for. (非常)喜欢，(非常)喜爱佳句Apparently, blindly following others advice will affect our own judgement.很明显，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。 近义influence, impact,练透写出加黑词汇的意义/单句语法填空He didnt attend th

16、e conference because he was affected with high fever._As I _by the show, I began to develop a deep _ for Peking Opera. (affect)With the governments aid, those _ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.写美句式升级We were deeply affected by the film and couldnt hold back tears._，we cou

17、ldnt hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)2.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊(1)a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊in shock 震惊；吃惊cultural shock 文化冲突(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的佳句If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your o

18、wn, you may feel a cultural shock.如果你旅行的地方的风俗与你自己的完全不同，你可能会感到文化冲击。练透单句语法填空Looking at the house which lay in ruins _ shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.All of us were _ at the _ news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)写美句式升级So many

19、people were injured or died in the earthquake. All of us were shocked._ so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.(what引导的主语从句； shock vt.)3.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏(1)bury. in.把埋到里；使沉浸于bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面(2)(doing) sth. 埋头于/专心于(做)某事佳句She buried her face in her hands and wept when sh

20、e heard the bad news.2022临沂高三模拟，读后续写当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。联想表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to; be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in; focus/concentrate on练透单句语法填空The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, _ (bury) herself in the book._ (bury) in his study, he didnt realize that all the others had left

21、.写美句式升级Because he buried himself in his books, he didnt know it was raining outside. _ his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (现在分词短语作状语)_ his books, he was not aware it was raining outside. (过去分词短语作状语)4.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(1)suffer pain/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失败/损失suffer from 遭受

22、；患病(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事sufferer n. 患难者；患病者佳句There are always some ups and downs in our life, but it is the sufferings that make us stronger.生活中总有一些起起落落，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。指津(1)suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”；(2)suffer用作不及物动词，后常接from，表示“受之苦；患某种疾病”。练透单句语法填空2020江苏卷Later，he worked in Africa，where many people

23、 suffered _ blindness for lack of proper treatment.The old man went through lots of _ (suffer) in the past.写美句式升级After they had suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake，they got help from all over the world._，they got help from all over the world.(现在分词短语作状语)5.supply npl.补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt.供应；供给(1)i

24、n short supply 短缺have a good supply of. 备有许多medical supplies 医疗用品(2)supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物佳句Moreover，the competition will supply/provide you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students who share the same interest with you.此外，这次竞争将

25、会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。联想表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb.练透单句语法填空The _ (supply) which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the world.Id like to know the reason why the milk is _ short supply in this area now.2

26、021全国乙卷For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data _ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far. 写美一句多译政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。(supply)The government _ the local people since the earthquake occurred.The government _ since the earthquake occurred.6.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过(1)survive fro

27、m从幸存survive on 依靠生存下来survive.by. 比多活了(2)survivor n. 幸存者survival n. U幸存；C残存物佳句Human life is regarded as part of nature and, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。指津 survive 表示“幸免于难”时是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。练透单句语法填空The local governments made

28、 great efforts to build shelters for people who _(survive) the hurricane.As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband _ 5 years.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of _(survive).写美句式升级After she had survived that night，she was confident that everything else

29、 would be all right._，she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语)7.power n电力供应；能量；力量；控制力(1)be in power掌权，执政(表示状态)come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)within ones power 在某人的能力/权力范围之内out of/beyond ones power 超出某人的能力(2)do everything in ones power 竭尽全力have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事(3)po

30、werful adj. 强有力的，强大的佳句We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论这个问题，这时突然停电了。指津“努力做某事”表达：make an effort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.练透单句语法填空He came_ power when he was 25 years old and has been _ power for 60 years so far.江苏卷It seems obvious that these have made huma

31、nkind the most _(power) animal on earth. 写美词汇升级2020新高考卷，应用文All the participants tried their best to reach the finish line.All the participants _to reach the finish line. (power)All the participants _to reach the finish line.(effort)8.effect n影响；结果；效果；效力(1)have an effect on/upon.对产生影响come into effect

32、/take effect 生效；起作用bring/put. into effect 使生效be of no effect 无效果的in effect 实际上；事实上；生效(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的佳句The recommendations will soon be put into effect to deal with the present situation.为应对当前的局势，这些建议即将付诸实施。练透单句语法填空2021全国乙卷Since the _(effect) were small, this may suggest that our creative

33、thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence.2020北京卷People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more _ (effect). 写美应用文佳句李白一生创作了大量的优秀诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，_9.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt. 毁

34、灭；使破产be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭ruin ones hope/health 毁掉某人的希望/健康佳句He will ruin his school life if he spends most of time playing computer games.如果他花费大多数时间玩电脑游戏， 他会毁了自己的学校生活。近义destroy，damage练透单句语法填空It is no wonder that the whole building is now in _(ruin)

35、; it caught so big a fire last night.We visited the _ of the Summer Palace last winter，which _ by foreign invaders.(ruin)写美读后续写佳句The heavy rain lasted two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.The heavy rain lasted two weeks，_(非谓语动词作状语)10.句型公式：too形容词to.“太而不能”(教材原句)Chickens and even pigs were too

36、 nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。(1)tooadj./adv. (for sb.) to do sth. 表示否定的意义， 意思是“(对某人来说)太而不能”。(2)当too.to.用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时， 不定式表示肯定意义。(3)cant/can never. too. 再怎么也不过分佳句As the old saying goes, “

37、Its never too late to learn.”北京卷，书面表达正如谚语所说：“活到老，学到老”。 练透单句语法填空We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it seems too hard _ (leave) the sofa.You cant be _ careful when you do your homework. 写美句式升级When the game finally ended, both of us were so tired that we were all lying flat on our

38、backs. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, _11.句型公式：as if (as though)引导状语从句或表语从句(教材原句)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！(1)as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。(2)as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。若as if从句描述非事实情况，则用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，

39、谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had过去分词)。佳句Some people，on losing a job or a special relationship，may feel as if it were the end of the world.有些人一失去工作或失恋，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。指津若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。练透单句语法填空When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it _(be) broken.The teac

40、her just stared at me as if he _(know) everything about the incident.The football player is rolling on the ground as if _(hurt) badly in the leg.写美读后续写佳句2021浙江卷6月，读后续写靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, loo

41、king sad._12.句型公式：be doing sth. when. 正在做某事，这时(突然)(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。be about to do.when.正要做这时(突然)be on the point of doing.when. 正要做这时(突然)had just done.when. 刚做完这时(突然)佳句The next morning，she was looking for so

42、mething to eat when she heard someone calling her by name.第二天早上，她正在找东西吃，此时她听见有人喊她的名字。练透单句语法填空She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to play the piano.I was about to give up _ my best friend encouraged me to go on.写美应用文佳句浙江卷，写作上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。Last Monday, I_ I sudde

43、nly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.刷题强训精题细作(维度1)词形转换12021新高考卷Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the _(survive) of our natural resources.2Compared with the host, the_ (wise) and experience of the manager impressed us most. It is surprising that the positive man can solve the problem

44、 so effortlessly and easily.3When we _ (breath) in the open air, a _ (deliver) man passed by our car.4The news that the athlete failed in the marathon due to a serious injury made us _(shock).5Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the _ (long) of the r

45、uns.62020浙江卷7月The last thing I saw was Dons face, looking _ (calm) back at me.(维度2)固定用法和搭配在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式12020新高考卷To test the effect of social influence _ eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments.22020全国卷I have a very strong fear that the lie were telling is doing spiritual d

46、amage _ our children.3She burst out_(cry) when she learned her failure in the exam.4_(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didnt make it to school on time.5Two fifths of the buildings_ (destroy) in the earthquake last weekend, _(leave) the whole world shocked.6Some children_ (sli

47、de) on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help.7Up to now enough food supplies_(deliver) to the disaster-hit area, where many people _ (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help.82020天津卷The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ (remain) around that leve

48、l ever since.9It was dark in the woods. It seemed as if there _(be) a fierce beast behind every bush. The more she thought of this，the more frightened she was.10Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognising their own strengths.(维度3)根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇It is known

49、 that Wenchuan was hit by a severe earthquake on May 12，2008.After the earthquake，everywhere we looked，we _(发现一切都变成了废墟). _ (似乎) the world were coming to an end. However，not all hope was destroyed.The Chinese governments rapid response，the transparence of information after the quake，and the open atti

50、tude towards foreign aid，were unprecedented. Besides，lots of enterprises，big or small, _(参与抗震救灾的各种捐赠活动). Last but not least，the actions of ordinary people. They _(立刻前来救援)，saved some people who were trapped under the ruins，and _(掩埋死者). They were so kind and helpful that they were too willing to help

51、those in trouble _(在灾难面前).测效果 素养提能先提能再培优素养落实提能一熟词生义12020全国卷Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks. _2浙江卷Suddenly another thought went through Kates mind like an electric shock._提能二读后续写微技能情感描写之“后悔”“内疚”和“自责”日积月累形容词/副词guilty, regretful, guiltily名词/动词guilt, regret固定短语muc

52、h to ones regret (深感遗憾), with deep/great regret, full of guilt (满是愧疚)1.按要求利用“后悔、内疚和自责”的表达或其他烘托人物“后悔、内疚和自责”的描述补全以下各句看着安妮泪流满面的脸，我开始感到后悔和内疚。Looking at Annes face wet with tears，_. (形容词)安妮发出后悔的喊声：“我真傻。”_， “Im so silly.” (名词)我还没来得及说话，她就冲了出去，留下我后悔不迭。She dashed out before I could say a word, and_. (介词短语)Sh

53、e dashed out before I could say a word，_. (分词作状语)我待在那里，眼里含着后悔的泪水。要是我没和安妮吵架那该多好啊！I froze there，_. _！我满怀内疚，冲出去向安妮道歉。_， so I rushed out to apologize to Anne. (并列句)_. (with复合结构)2将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇_UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERS过基础晨读晚练(一)分类识记单词识记单词写对.知其意1龙卷风；旋风2.旱灾；久旱3.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡4.海啸5.(地)震级；重大6.直

54、升机7.裂纹；裂缝(使)破裂8.砖；砖块9.金属10疏散；撤出撤离11.火山12.避难处；居所；庇护保护；掩蔽躲避(风雨或危险)13.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风14管子；管道15.成套工具；成套设备16总结；概括；概要.写其形1disaster2.slide3.flood4.destroy5affect6.ruin7.electricity8.bury9unify10.supply11.tap12.whistle13.aid14.crash15.sweep核心单词练通1damage2.wisdom3.emergency4.efforts5.trappedrescue6.waving7.calm8.

55、struck拓展单词用活.记全记牢1deaddeadlydeath2.shockingshocked3.breathlessbreathe4revival5.sufferingsufferer6eruption7.survivorsurvival8powerfulpowerless9.emergentemergency10.delivery11.effective12.lengthlengthen.用准用活1survivalsurvivingsurvivors2.deadlydeaths3.breathebreathlessbreath4.powerpowerful5effectiveeffe

56、ct6.sufferingssuffered7.shockedshocking(二)语境记忆短语.记全记牢1in ruins2.in shock3.on hand4.dig out5.in the open air6.sweep awaye to an end8.first aid kit9be trapped in10.as usual.用准用活1on hand2.swept away3.were trapped in4.in the open air(三)仿写用活句式1was too excited to go to sleep2We were climbing the hill when

57、3as if it had just happened过重难解惑释疑1(疾病)侵袭was affectedaffectionaffectedDeeply affected by the film2inshockedshockingWhat shocked all of us was that3buryingBuriedBurying himself inBuried in4fromsufferingsHaving suffered such a heavy loss in the earthquake5suppliesinsuppliedhas supplied plenty of food

58、and clothes tohas supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes6survivedbysurvivalHaving survived that night7to/intoinpowerfuldid everything in their powermade an effort/spared no effort8effectseffectivelyall of which have a great effect on Chinese culture9ruinsruinswas ruinedcompletely

59、ruining our holiday10to leavetootoo tired to move11werehad knownhurtIt seemed as if something unpleasant happened12whenwhenwas walking in the street when刷题强训精题细作维度11survival2.wisdom3.breatheddelivery4.shocked5.length6.calmly维度21on2.to3.crying4.Buried5were destroyedleaving6.were sliding7.have been de

60、liveredsurviving8.has remained9.were10.who维度3found everything in ruinsIt seemed as ifparticipated in all sorts of donation activitiescame to the rescue right awayburied the deadin the face of disasters测效果素养提能提能一1v.搅拌2.n.休克， 电击提能二1I began to feel regretful and guiltyAnne let out a cry of regretleft m

61、e dumb with deep regretleaving me dumb with deep regretwith regretful tears in my eyesIf only I had not quarreled with AnneGuilt and regret flowed in my mindWith guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rushed out to apologize to Anne2参考范文Looking at Annes face wet with tears, I began to feel regretful

62、 and guilty. Suddenly, Anne let out a cry of regret，“Im so silly.” Then she dashed out before I could say a word, leaving me dumb with deep regret. I froze there, with regretful tears in my eyes. If only I had not quarreled with Anne! Finally, with guilt and regret flowing in my mind, I rushed out to apologize to Anne.