2022届高考英语人教版一轮学案：第三板块 专题三　完形填空——先易后难逐级复原 WORD版含答案.doc

1、专题三完形填空先易后难，逐级复原完形填空的设题方式大致可分为句内层次、句组层次及语篇层次三种题型注。句内层次题和句组层次题较容易，能保障考生取得基本分数，但高考是选拔性的考试，每篇完形填空总会有23个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。注句内层次题：空格的答案由空格所在句子决定；句组层次题：空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定；语篇层次题：空格的答案需要统览全篇文章再做决定。(一)5 句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 1完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，

2、这时考生就可以运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。典例(2019全国卷)Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 .48A.repairBriskCrest Duse分析：选D本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。根据语境可知，冒号后的句子介绍了Rjukan居民是如何收到冬季的第一缕阳光的附近山坡上的一排反射板被投入使用。put to use是习

3、惯搭配，意为“投入使用”，符合语境。2完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。典例(2020全国卷)As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction (拍卖)” 43.run by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest

4、bidder.There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45.nice above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.44A.shown BfoundCkept Dhidden46A.battled BdebatedCdiscussed Dbargained分析：44.选B46.选A本题可以根据生活常识解题。这场

5、拍卖会是由意大利警察举办的，根据生活常识可知，所拍卖的这些物品应该是警察在火车上发现(found)的。故44题选B项。在拍卖会上，拍卖物品应卖给出价最高的竞买者。因此，Nicolo和另外一个竞买者相互竞争(battled)。battle在此用作动词，意为“与较量，竞争”。故46题选A项。3完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。典例(2018全国卷)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance mee

6、ting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this.”59A.smart BcalmCsweet Dfair分析：选C本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。4此方法是通过分析未知填空前后

7、文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。典例1(2020全国卷)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italys privacy laws, 42.finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.41A.attached BallocatedCexposed Dsubmitted分析：选C本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。because of表示因果关系，因为意

8、大利的隐私法律，所以Nicolo的真实名字不能暴露(exposed)给公众。故选C项。典例2(2016全国卷)We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49.accident.48A.and BthenCbut Dthus 分析：选C本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以通过分析该未知填空前后文与已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的连词。转

9、折We went 101 and I was named most valuable player(我们以101赢得了比赛，并且我被评为最有价值的球员) 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49.accident(我经常做疯狂的梦，在梦中我要为Miller的事故负责任)通过上述分析得知本空前后文与已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案选but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。5上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在

10、句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2020全国卷)She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 ， and since shed found it too much to cope with (应对), shed taken it out on 53 people.52A.by chance Bby herselfCon purpose Don duty53A.rude BsuchCother Dlonely分析：52.选B53.选C这两道题

11、可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文“She had split up with her husband”可知，她已和丈夫离婚，暗示她正独自(by herself)居住。再根据“shed found it too much to cope with”可知，她有太多的事情要应对，故她拿别人(other people)出气。take it out on sb.“拿某人出气”。(二)4 句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组句群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合句群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后句子再找信息源。 1复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反

12、义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来解题。典例1(2020全国卷)His son, age 15, who had 49.taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50.unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed (签名) “Bonnato” or so

13、 he thought, but when he 51.researched it, he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52.painter he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his fathers painting.54A.roomBkitchenChall Dgarden分析：选D本题可以利用

14、语义复现解题。根据上文中的“with a young girl sitting on a garden chair”可知，此处选“garden”，是上文出现的garden的原词复现。典例2(2020浙江7月高考)Lamb and mother 39.reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.This was so 40.unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.41.Obviously Do

15、n had somehow made the 42 move.42A.lamb BvehicleCseat Dfence分析：选B本题可以利用上义词复现解题。根据上文“the tractor”可知，此处指Don以某种方式使车辆(vehicle)动了起来。vehicle是tractor的上义词。2在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时的重要参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例(2020全国卷)Since our twins began learning t

16、o walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41.reason is obvious.If we 42 it is a door, theyll want to go outside 43 .It will drive us crazy.42A.admit BbelieveCmean Drealize43A.gradually BconstantlyCtemporarily Dcasually分析：42.选A43.选B本题可以利用感情色彩关联解题。根据

17、本段首句可知，作者和妻子撒谎说门是一个窗户；再根据下一句中的crazy一词可知，上一句的行为会使作者发疯。根据作者的这种情感态度可知，此处表示“如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去”。3在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。典例(2020新高考全国卷)When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23.disturbing happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had

18、 driven away a number of birds. 25 ， the number of snakes had declined as well.25A.Besides BHoweverCTherefore DOtherwise分析：选A本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。上文提到由于洪水的缘故，使大量的鸟类被驱赶走。再根据空格后“蛇的数量也减少了”可知，前后两句之间为“递进”关系，故选A项。4在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国卷)Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 4

19、5.lost dog.So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46 .After a long and careful 47.search.Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48.cautiously away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.46A.home BpastCback Don 分析：选C本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本段的第一句中的“Back home”可

20、知，他已经回到家，后文讲述了四天后，Ehlers和朋友再次找小狗，暗示两个人开车又回到了发现小狗的地方，故用back表示开车回去找小狗。(三)语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。 典例1(2020全国卷)1 .There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would

21、look 45.nice above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 46.battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.3 “Thats the garden in our picture，” Nicolos son told his father.They 55.eventually learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57.studied th

22、e other painting and learned that it was 58.actually Paul Gauguins “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”56A.ownedBborrowedCsold Dstole分析：选A本题是语篇层次题，需要综合第一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：Nicolo在一次拍卖会上竞买到两幅画Nicolo的儿子研究这些画发现这两幅画均为名画。根据文章发展脉络可知，Nicolo在拍卖会上买到两幅画，这两幅画自然为他所拥有(owned)

23、。故答案为A项。典例2 (2019全国卷)Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frighte

24、ned, it had 44.run off.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove 46.back.After a long and careful 47.search, Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving 48 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousnes

25、s and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.48A.cautiouslyBcasuallyCskillfully Dangrily分析：选A本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和第二段第二句中的“four days later”并结合下文的“Nervousness and fear”可知，一只走丢多日的小狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动。