山西省忻州市静乐县第一中学2019-2020学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷 WORD版含答案.doc

1、英语试题一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）APalaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually these buildings are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and de

2、fensive, the European castle is a big success.Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066.They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way

3、 castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castle

4、s served as social centers as well.The first castles were built from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objec

5、ts into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off from the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits w

6、ere added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to

7、defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defense of castles.The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, art

8、illery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient t

9、imes.1.What was the original function of castles according to the passage?A.They served as tourist attractions.B.They were important social centers.C.They marked religious ceremonies.D.They were built for use in emergencies.2.The reason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that .A.s

10、tone castles cost less moneyB.stone castles offered better defenseC.wooden castles were uncomfortableD.wooden castles took a long time to build3.Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses?A.Castles were totally separated by stones.B.Arrow-slits were made in large quantities.C.Ri

11、ngs of walls were built to defend the towers.D.Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Fancy Living: Learning about CastlesB.Normans: Bringing Castles to EnglandC.A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of CastlesD.Defending Castles: Technologie

12、s Used to Defend CastlesBKangaroo Island is more famous for what it hasnt got than what it has. Unlike mainland Australia,rabbits and foxes were never introduced,so the local wildlife has less competition for survival. Another thing the island doesnt have is something a Scottish friend once called,“

13、The Way of the Island.” There is no sense of being on the island;in many places,you can climb to a high point and see nothing but bushes in any direction.That catches many visitors out when they arrive with the idea of walking or cycling around the island. Its really too big for that. There is littl

14、e in the way of public transport,and the most practical ways to get around are to sign up for an organised tour or hire a car.The islands main road,the Playford Highway,heads westward from Nepean Bay until it meets the West End Highway in the middle of nowhere. The West End Highway heads south;the P

15、layford Highway continues westward as a dirt road to Cape Borda,where there is a lighthouse,a few former light keepers cottages,a National Park Visitor Centre and nothing else. Much of the island is farmland;lamb and beef from Kangaroo Island are especially prized. Fruit is also a major export,but t

16、he grapes in the vineyards (葡萄园) are turned into very acceptable wine first.19 National Parks and Conservation Areas cover over 30% of the islands area, and the biggest of them lies to the southwest of the island,where the Flinders Chase National Park covers 32,600 hectares of bush land. Entry is by

17、 permit only,which we bought at the park entrance at Rocky River. There,we wondered if the park authorities had the wildlife trained,because we saw a family of kangaroos right in the car park by the park office,but they only appeared after we paid the entrance fee!5.Why is the wildlife on Kangaroo I

18、sland more likely to survive?A.Because there are no rabbits or foxes on the island.B.Because rabbits and foxes are less competitive species.C.Because nobody lives on the island.D.Because the island is famous for its bushes.6.One of the most practical ways to get around on the island is to .A.rent a

19、carB.ride a bike C.take public transport D.sign up for a travel lesson7.What can you find at Cape Borda?A.The Playford Highway. B.The West End Highway. C.A few vineyards.D.Some former light keeperscottages.8.The author and his family saw a family of kangaroos at the Flinders Chase National Park afte

20、r they .A.talked to the park authorities B.paid the entrance feeC.went into the park office D.arrived at Rocky RiverCFarmers, especially in developing countries, are often criticized (批评) for cutting down forests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recognize the value of keeping trees. Resea

21、rchers using satellite photos found at least ten percent of trees cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. That is almost half the farmland in the world. Earlier estimates (估计) were much lower and incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent (程度

22、) worldwide. The study found most trees cover in South America. Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia. North Africa and West Asia have the least. The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the number of trees covers in different areas, nor could the s

23、ize of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together. There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection. Dennis G

24、arrity, who heads the World Agroforestry Center, says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees. The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such efforts. The satellite photos may not show what the farmers are using the tr

25、ees for, but we all know trees offer nuts, fruit, wood and other products. They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies. Even under drought (干旱) conditions, trees can often offer food and can be a way to earn money until the next growing season. Some trees act as natural fertilizers.

26、They take nitrogen (氮气) out of the air and put it in the soil. Scientists at the Center say the use of fertilizer trees can reduce the need for chemical nitrogen by up to three-fourths. Trees also capture carbon dioxide, a gas connected to climate change.9.Through the study, the researchers found th

27、at.A.there are more trees on farmland than expectedB.fewer trees are being cut in developing countriesC.most farmers still dont realize the value of treesD.trees play a key role in preventing climate change10.Which of the following has the least tree cover?A.Southeast Asia. B.West Asia. C.South Amer

28、ica. D.Africa south of the Sahara.11.In Dennis Garritys opinion, .A.most farmers care about nothing but their own interestsB.there are usually few people living in areas with few treesC.government plays a small role in tree planting and protectionD.government should support farmers in planting and p

29、rotecting trees12.What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?A.How farmers plant trees. B.What products trees can bring.C.The importance of trees to farmers. D.The environmental value of tree cover.DTwo billion children in the developing world cant receive good educationthe key to human development. Ho

30、wever,technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor,as it provides a means of learning and communicating.Educational programs must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop

31、Per Child (OLPC),an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the worlds education problem.The Internet has changed the world,allowing educational services to help with the global fight against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC,it is an

32、organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a free, world-class education for anyone,anywhere”.The education offered includes a large number of math-related topics.The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人)worldwide to

33、 prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee,the company offers services which are priced at about 75% less than other similar programs. It allows students from developing countries who might not be able to afford similar courses to have acce

34、ss to these services.Whether paid or free these services provide educational opportunities for those who would never have had the chance in the past. As a result of the technology revolution (革新),business schools may see more students from different corners of the world. Because of the Internet,peop

35、le in developing nations have access to better and more affordable educational opportunities. More and more people will try to improve their lives through educational opportunities outside of their homelandan idea usually uncommon in developing countries.13.According to the passage,technology can .A

36、.improve peoples reading abilityB.solve the problems facing the whole worldC.help the poor to reduce povertyD.cause poverty in developing countries14.We can learn from the passage that Khan Academy aims to .A.help the poor pay for good coursesB.provide every child with a computerC.help train MBA can

37、didatesD.make everyone receive good education15.Which of the following about GMAT Pill Review is TRUE?A.It only accepts students from developing countries.B.It was started by Professor Nicholas Negroponte.C.It charges students about 25 percent of other similar programs.D.The education it offers incl

38、udes a lot of math-related topics.E阅读七选五(核心素养:语言能力)The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. 16 Pollution means making things dirty. It comes in many

39、ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. 17 Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man i

40、s now slowly polluting the whole world.18 Its bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. 19 They stop people from burning coal in houses and factorie

41、s in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. 20 And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.A.One of the biggest is pollution.B.The more people, the more pollution.C.Air pollution is still the most serious.D.That means

42、keeping the land, water and air clean.E.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.F.I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem.G.Strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.二.完形填空(每小题2分，共40分)Andy was still traveling in Spain when he realized he had t

43、o confirm (核实) his flight home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to1his Spanish. When he was speaking to people2he had no3understanding what they said. 4, when he was speaking on the phone, he had a(n) 5. Andy6the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at

44、nine oclock three days from that day. She7told Andy to be at the airport two hours8in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.Since he was9in three days,Andy didnt10any time. He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He

45、 wished he could11and spend a year in Spain.Too12,the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to13.He went to the clerk to14his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket with15.“Why,sir,but your flight was at nine oclock in the morning,and16it is

46、 eight in the evening.” “But I confirmed my flight,”Andy 17. “Will I have to pay for another ticket?”“No,sir. However,the next flight out will be three days from now.”Andys18of shock turned to one of19as he realized that now he could continue his20.1.A.prepareB.improveC.enjoyD.contact2.A.slowlyB.in

47、publicC.face to faceD.fluently3.A.difficultyB.ideaC.mistakeD.interest4.A.InsteadB.In a wordC.At the same timeD.However5.A.sicknessB.angerC.problemD.change6.A.calledB.likedC.trustedD.asked7.A.againB.alsoC.onlyD.once8.A.beforeB.earlierC.laterD.after9.A.movingB.returningC.stayingD.leaving10.A.takeB.hav

48、eC.loseD.find11.A.waitB.go homeC.stopD.come back12.A.shortlyB.quicklyC.badlyD.fully13.A.speakB.goC.rushD.delay14.A.buyB.presentC.orderD.provide15.A.astonishmentB.patienceC.respectD.delight16.A.maybeB.soC.hereD.now17.A.insistedB.apologizedC.smiledD.desired18.A.experienceB.expressionC.lookD.thought19.

49、A.pleasureB.comfortC.sadnessD.hopelessness20.A.planB.flightC.businessD.vacation 三.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)One quarter of the population of Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality 1. (work) away from their homes as migrant workers. But the number 2. _(have) been dropping this year.24-year-old Gu Qingxi

50、a 3.worked as a cashier before, together with her husband, 4. (be) to job fairs (招聘会) in Chongqing for many times and 5. _(want) to find jobs near hometown, because they want to come back to take care of their parents. This year, the number of migrant workers, like Gu Qingxia and her husband who 6.

51、(choose) to return home for work 7. (be) increasing. Besides family, with rapid development of southwestern China, a large number of employment opportunities 8. (give) to migrant workers and they can earn as much as 9. they earn 10. Shenzhen. 四 根据所给提示用适当单词或短语的正确形式完成句子 (共 10 小题；每小题 l.5 分， 满分 15 分)1.C

52、rime often exists with poverty, like stealing driven by (hungry).2.The two cities are twinned with each other because of many (similar).3.Louis Cha Leung-yung, one of the most (influence) Chinese novelists, and better known under the pen name Jin Yong, died on 30th October.4.The hotel, beautifully (

53、situate) in a quiet spot near the river, creates an atmosphere which visitors find so appealing.5. (strike) by the hurricane, the area had power cuts, but quickly it was back to normal.6.He came round for a coffee and we having a meal together. (以结束) 7.Ancient China was a place where states were oft

54、en each other. (与交战)8.Thankfully, the number of people who get infected is decreasing, and more and more patientsare cured and return home safe and sound; , everything will be fine. (简言之)9.Concerned about the continuing pollution of the environment, we take action right away instead of letting matte

55、rs take their course. (除.别无选择)10._ , there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. (平均来说)五 书面表达 (满分 20 分)假定你是李华，你校外教 Kevin 对中国传统文化很感兴趣。下周二你校将邀请北京大学的王教授到你校举行“孔子及其思想”的讲座。请你给 Kevin 发一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加并介绍讲座的有关事宜。1. 讲座时间：4 月 3 日（星期二）上午 8:00-11:00；2. 讲座地点：5 号教学楼一楼 102

56、 室；3. 活动安排：听讲座，讨论及提问，诵读孔子经典名句等。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右。2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Kevin,Im writing to invite you to 英语答案一A【语篇解读】本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰。【答案与解析】1.B细节题。根据第2段最后一句可知,城堡最初的功能是作为重要的社会中心。2.B细节题。根据第3段第2句可知,木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。3.D细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知,窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层显示城堡防御有改进。4.C主旨题。通读全文可知,本文讲述的是城堡的兴

57、衰,因此C项最适合作本文的标题。B 5.A细节题。根据第1段第2句可知,袋鼠岛和澳大利亚大陆不同,袋鼠岛没有兔子和狐狸,所以袋鼠岛上的野生动物竞争对手较少,容易生存。6.A细节题。根据第2段最后一句可知,袋鼠岛的公共交通系统不发达,所以参观袋鼠岛最可行的办法就是报旅行团或者租一辆车。7.D细节题。根据第3段中的where there is a lighthouse,a few former light keepers cottages,a National Park Visitor Centre and nothing else可知,在Cape Borda,我们可以看到灯塔、看守灯塔的人住的小

58、屋和国家公园游客中心。8.B细节题。根据最后一段可知,作者一家是在交了入园费后才看到袋鼠的。C【语篇解读】一项新的研究显示,农民意识到了树木对人和环境的重要性。【答案与解析】9.A推断题。根据第2段最后两句可知,早先对农场树林面积的估计比实际上农场树林面积低得多且不完整,也就是说,现在农场的树林数量比预料的要多。10.B细节题。根据第3段最后一句可知答案。11.D推断题。根据第5段最后一句可知,政府应该支持农民种树和保护树木。12.C主旨题。通读第6段可知,本段主要讲的是树木对农民的重要性。D【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了向发展中国家的人们提供教育机会的技术和组织。13.C细节题。根据第1段最后一

59、句可知,科技是一种能改变穷人命运的工具,它提供了学习和交流的方法。14.D细节题。根据第3段倒数第2句可知,该组织的目的是使每一个人都受到世界一流的教育。15.C细节题。根据第4段第1句可知,GMAT Pill Review在全世界范围内招生,故A项错误;由第4段第2句可知,它由Zeke Lee创办,学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%,因此B项错误,C项正确;D项是叙述关于Khan Academy的内容。七选五1620ABCED二【语篇解读】本文讲述Andy在西班牙度假时由于语言问题所遇到的小小的麻烦。1.BAndy去西班牙是为了提高他的西班牙语水平。2.C当他与别人面对面说话时,他能理解别人说的

60、话。face to face“面对面”,与下文的speaking on the phone形成对照。3.Ahave no difficulty (in) doing sth是固定搭配,意为“做某事没有困难”。4.D然而,当他在电话中交谈时,他有困难。5.C见上题解析。6.A根据上下文可知,Andy是打电话到航空公司的。7.B她还告诉Andy要提前两小时到机场。8.B见上题解析。9.DAndy知道三天后要走,他不浪费一点时间。10.C见上题解析。11.D他想回来,然后在西班牙待上一年。12.B最后一天还是很快就到了。13.C从上句中得知他提前到达,由此可见他讨厌匆匆忙忙。14.B他向检票员出示他

61、的票。present“向出示”。15.AAndy要乘的飞机已经飞走了,而Andy还拿着票,所以检票员非常惊奇。16.D此处指现在是晚上八点。17.AAndy坚持说他确认过航班。18.CAndy的表情由惊入喜,因为他意识到他可以继续他的假期。19.A见上题解析。20.D见第18题解析。三 语法填空1.work2.has3.who4.has been5.wants6.choose7.is8.have been given 9.what10.in四 完成句子51. hunger52. similarities53. influential54. situated55. Struck/Stricken

62、56. ended up57. at war with58. in a nutshell59. have no choice but to60. On average五 书面表达Dear Kevin,Im writing to invite you to the lecture on “Confucius and Confucianism” which will be made by Professor Wang from Peking University. It will be held in Room 102 on the first floor of No.5 building on

63、April 3rd next Wednesday. As far as I know, you like the traditional culture of China, so you will enjoy it.The lecture will last three hours from 8 a.m to 11 a.m. The activity mainly consists of three parts, two-hour listening to the lecture, half an hours discussion and thirty-minute Confucius classics recitation.I will be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua