2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评十五Unit3Scienceandnature牛津译林版必修5.doc
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1、核心素养测评十五 Unit 3Science and nature. 阅读理解ASupercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express. The artificial intelligence (AI) system, deve
2、loped at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: “I am so excited about this form of
3、technology. ”Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was and signals a comp
4、letely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ”The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood
5、 test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 percent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16
6、percent of patients who went on to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. ” Prof Young said, “Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. ”【文章大意】本文是
7、一篇科普类短文。文章主要介绍了超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病, 每年可以挽救数万人的生命。1. What does the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. comfort. B. treat. C. spot. D. nurse. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. 以便医生能够及早采取行动, 预防死亡或严重疾病”, 可以猜测出, 人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查
8、”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。2. How do supercomputers help save lives? A. By storing blood samples. B. By analyzing patients cases. C. By observing changes in blood cells. D. By assisting doctors with their operations. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in
9、red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. ”可知, 计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。3. Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution? A. To show the influence of AI. B. To stress the importance of healthcare. C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers. D. To present
10、 the achievement he has accomplished. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ” 可知, 杨教授认为, 人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大, 以此类比, 说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。4. What do we
11、 know about the new technology? A. It helps patients recover earlier. B. It has helped save thousands of lives. C. It will promote the health service greatly. D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to tre
12、at them earlier. ” 可知, 这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者, 而不是坐等病情恶化, 从而推断, 人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判, 早介入, 从而帮助挽救大量生命, 将大大促进医疗卫生服务。故选C。B(2020年山东新高考模拟)Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% mo
13、re for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money. There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides(杀虫剂). In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the
14、products are natural. Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There werent enough organic ingredients(原料), su
15、ch as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products. Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause
16、health problems such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria(病毒), such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing
17、produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to
18、be safe than sorry. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要从比较有机食物和非有机食物的角度, 来评判有机食物的价值。5. What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers? A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全篇可知, 文章提到了有机食物消费者担心其价格、生产、营养和安全, 根据文章最后一段中的“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than
19、sorry. ”可知, 消费者认为保证安全要比说抱歉更好, 所以安全是更令人担忧的。故选B。6. What is the doctors suggestion? A. Grow your own food. B. Reduce the use of pesticides. C. Make sure the food is clean. D. Buy large companies products. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully i
20、s important too”可知, 医生建议仔细清洗农产品。小心处理肉类也很重要。故选C。7. Which of the following do most people agree on organic food? A. It tastes better. B. It is easier to grow. C. It contains more fat. D. It is more nutritious. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. ”可知, 大多数人一
21、致认同天然种植的食物尝起来更好吃。故选A。8. Where does this text probably come from? A. A recipe book. B. A chemistry paper. C. A medical report. D. A health magazine. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文的话题是有机食物, 不是从化学、医学等专业的角度去解读的, 而是从健康的角度, 故可能出自健康杂志, 故选D。. 阅读填句Youve created an invention that will revolutionize the way the world
22、 works. 1Applying for a patent is a good choice. But how to apply for a patent? 2 Understand what a patent is. 3 It includes one or more “claims” to a single invention. As a rule, patents are issued only to the “first to file” a disclosure of a patentable invention in a patent application. Also, nob
23、ody is allowed to claim an invention they did not invent. Write down your idea. The act of writing will force you to define your invention, break down the invention into its elements, and think about variations of the invention. Written materials produced as a result will also be helpful for prepari
24、ng a patent application. 4For example, what problem does my invention solve? How does my invention actually work? 5Patents can only be applied for in the name of the actual inventor(s). You can apply for a patent individually or as a group. In some cases an employer can file an application in the na
25、me of former employees who were the inventors. A. Follow the guide below. B. Ask yourself these questions. C. Know who can apply for a patent. D. But how do you make your idea a reality? E. Know what cannot be applied for a patent. F. It takes a long time for an inventor to come up with a new idea.
26、G. A patent is a represented document issued by a government. 【文章大意】 本文介绍了申请专利的流程。1. 【解析】选D。逻辑呼应。上一句说你有了一个能改变世界运作的重大发明创意, 下一句提到申请专利是个不错的选择。D项“怎样能把你的想法变成现实”符合题意。2. 【解析】选A。首段最后一句起承上启下的作用, 引出下文申请专利的事情。3. 【解析】选G。本段中心为专利的定义, G项“专利是由政府所颁发的认证文件”符合。4. 【解析】选B。后文连接两个问句。根据下句B项“问一下自己这些问题”符合句意, “我的发明解决什么问题? 我的发明
27、实际怎样运作? ”5. 【解析】选C。本题处于小标题位置, 应该使用祈使句, 可缩小范围, 再根据段落大意, 介绍谁可以申请专利, 故选C。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you 1. (watch) the film Avatar, you may wonder if Earth is the only habitable planet in the universe. Given the large number of the galaxies, many scientists hold the 2. (believe)that there
28、 is certainly extra-terrestrial life. But it seems we are having trouble 3. (find) them. In August, NASA announced the discovery of a possible Earth-like planet. 4. (locate)31 light years away, it could support life. According to 5. New York Post, “it is located within the outer edge of its stars ha
29、bitable zone, 6. it receives about the same amount of stellar energy from its star as Mars does from the sun. Within the next six years, people 7. (be)able to experience the next generation of space probes, promising a far more 8. (detail) view of other 9. (planet), including their terrain and weath
30、er systems. Then we could answer a 1, 000-year-old question on whether we are alone 10. space. ”1. 【解析】have watched。考查动词时态。根据主句时态用的是一般现在时, if从句的动作发生在过去, 说话立足点是现在, 应用现在完成时。故填have watched。2. 【解析】belief。考查名词。根据固定搭配hold the belief, 持有信念。故填名词形式belief。3. 【解析】finding。考查非谓语动词。根据have trouble doing sth. 固定短语,
31、 故用动名词finding。 4. 【解析】Located。 考查非谓语动词。非谓语作状语时, 其逻辑主语跟句子主语一致, locate和it为动宾关系。故填过去分词located。5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。New York Post为专有名词, 前面应加冠词。故填定冠词the。6. 【解析】where。 考查定语从句。先行词zone表地点, 从句缺状语。故用关系副词where。7. 【解析】will be。考查动词时态。根据时间状语Within the next six years, 应用一般将来时。故填will be。8. 【解析】detailed。 考查形容词。名词view前应用形
32、容词修饰。故应填形容词detailed。9. 【解析】planets。考查名词复数。根据other, 后应加名词复数。故填planets。10. 【解析】in。考查介词。在太空用介词in。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. habitable adj. 适宜居住的2. given prep. 鉴于, 考虑到3. galaxy n. 银河系4. probe n. 探测器【阅读填句】Being Left-handed in a Right-handed WorldThe world is designed for right-handed people, but why does a tenth of th
33、e population prefer the left? 1. The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery. Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families, its assumed that left-handedness has a genetic(基因的) component to it. 2. In fact, identical twins, who share the same genes, can sometimes prefer
34、to use different hands. There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with, but many experts believe that its kind of random. Historically, the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 3. In some areas, the left hand
35、became known as the “unclean” hand. In many religions, the right hand of God is the favored hand. For example, Jesus sits at Gods right side. Gods left hand, however, is the hand of judgement. Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involve
36、d. In some parts of Scotland, it is considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey. 4. A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary. In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand i
37、s considered impolite. 5. People come to realize that left-handedness is natural. People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed including Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Charlie Chaplin. Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract think
38、ing better. The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed world as well. Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in. A. In other words, left-handers are born that way. B. Left-handedness used to
39、 be regarded as a disability. C. The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied. D. Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities? E. Why do some parents force their left-handed children to become right-handed when w
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鄂教版七年级语文下册第8课《诗两首》精题精练.doc
