2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考专项冲刺 专题09 主谓一致（含解析）.doc

1、专题09 【主谓一致】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”正确判断主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式。主语是复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。倒装句中谓语的数与其后的主语的数一致。分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则及就近一致原则判断谓语动词的单复数。一致原则：主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； 定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。就近原则：or、

2、 either . or、 neither . nor .、 not only . but (also) .、 not . but . 等连接并列主语时； 在there/here be 句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。就远原则：“名词介词(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)名词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。【例】(福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to

3、 perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.【分析】was invitedas well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词应和其前的主语保持人称和数的一致，故谓语动词应与The famous musician在数上保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；且musician与invite之间为被动关系，再根据句中标志词at the opening ceremony.Expo可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was invited。考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一 语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单

4、复数。1动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。

5、2主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(2019天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时，受到了热烈的欢迎。I think Tom, rather than you is

6、to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。3and, both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。【名师点津】如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。(2020湖北十二校联考)The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those

7、people.我在会议上经常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受欢迎。4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.、这是莫言所写的小说之一。She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。5“many a/more than one单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍

8、用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。考点二 意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, tea

9、m, group, public, committee, government, audience等。The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。【名师点津】形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police a

10、re searching for the murderer in the mountain.警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。2“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is c

11、overed by water.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。3“the形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。4a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在了这

12、个项目上。With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。5“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.收到邀请的总共有

13、100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。6表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。考点三 就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Not only John and Tom but also the

14、ir sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。2在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。跟踪

15、检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能 I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1. (2020全国卷I) “This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“because it（mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”2. (2019全国卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three

16、 are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3. (2020全国卷II)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers_（carry) special significance.4. (2018全国卷) While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening li

17、fe than walking, cycling or swimming.5. (2019天津高考) Amy as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.【答案详解】1.答案：means 解析：根据This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means.2.答案：are解析：句意：在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少，6个保持稳定，1个正在增加，

18、还有9个缺乏足够的数据。分析句子结构可知，本句由多个分句并列组成，其中设空处所在的分句的主语是six, 为复数概念，谓语应用复数，且下文的lack也是提示；本句叙述的是一般事实， 应用一般现在时，故填are。3.答案：carries 解析：这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填 carries.4.答案：is解析：句意为“尽管经常跑步不能使你长生不老，但是报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比，跑步对延长寿命更有效”。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处所填词在从句中作谓语，且表一种科学理

19、论，应用一般现在时；主语it是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数形式，填is。 5.答案：was given解析：句意为“上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。”若主语后有“as well as名词(短语)”，as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎，故谓语动词的单复数由as well as前面的主语决定。此处Amy为主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据时间状语last week可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语Amy与give是被动关系， 应用一般过去时的被动语态，填was given。II.精选典题主谓一致专题对点训练单句语法填空

20、6. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_ (be) often acceptable.7. The musician along with his band members _ (give) ten performances in the last three months.8. Nowadays， cycling，along with jogging and

21、 swimming_ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.9. Still China _ (develop), but the economic growth means that most people have seen their living standards improve rapidly in the last 20 years. 10. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people

22、_ (injure)11. The university, however, says it _ (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student to rank in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province.12. It _ (invent) in 1921 and people _ (get) great pleasure from it since then.13. The game _ (play) on a special table. Players contr

23、ol their “team” by turning sticks, to which the “players” are attached.14. As in real football, points will be awarded when putting the ball in the other players goal. Table football requires using hands and eyes together excellently, which _ (be) really exciting.15. (2019温州二模)The Cooler Screens sys

24、tem instantly _(analyze) all of this data, and then starts showing ads on the cooler door.【答案详解】6. 答案：is解析：句意为“把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的”。本句主语是动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此处是陈述一般事实，谓语用一般现在时，故填is。7. 答案：has given解析：由“in the last three months”可知，该句用现在完成时，along with

25、 连接两个并列的主语，谓语与最前面的主语一致，本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。填has given。8. 答案：is regarded 解析：句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最好的全能运动形式。主语与regard是被动关系，应用被动语态。句子主语部分是“A along with B”结构，因此谓语动词的数与A一致，即与cycling一致，故谓语用单数形式，填is regarded。9. 答案：is developing解析：此处描述目前此时此刻的情况，应用现在进行时，主语为单数，故填is developing。10. 答

26、案：are injured解析：分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语，主语people与injure为被动关系，应用被动语态，又句中时间状语是Each year，故此处为陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，填are injured。11. 答案：has considered解析：宾语从句时间状语是for years, 且主句谓语says是一般现在时，结合语境“已经考虑高考多年”可知此处用现在完成时，填has considered。12. 答案：was invented; have got解析：第一空句中时间状语是in 1921 ，故该处谓语用一般过去时，主语It与invent是被动关系， 应用一般过

27、去时的被动语态，主语It是第三人称单数形式，故填was invented。 第二空句后的时间状语为since then，可知此处应用现在完成时，主语people是复数概念，故填have got。13. 答案：is played解析：此处叙述的是一般情况，且与下文各句时态一致， 应用一般现在时，主语The game 与play是被动关系， 应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语The game是单数概念，故填is played.14. 答案：is解析：设空处所在的部分是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话，表单数概念，故谓语用单数形式，填is。 15答案：analyzes 解析：句意：Th

28、e Cooler Screens系统立即分析所有这些数据，然后开始在门上显示广告。and 连接的是并列的谓语动词，时态应一致，故设空处谓语用一般现在时，主语the Cooler Screens system是单数概念，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，填analyzes。III.精选典题主谓一致专题对点训练单句改错16. The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.17. Take In isnt even have a kitchen,

29、which means it doesnt cook meals, either.18. My family is so harmonious that I have been grown up into a person with love and responsibility.19. I am glad that your neighbors had forgiven us. They are really nice people.20. Our teachers often play basketball and soccer together with us. As spring ap

30、proached, the flowers newly planted in the yard have just come out.【答案详解】16.答案：includeincludes解析：学习包括从教科书中学习，也包括从错误中学习。代词that作主语，是单数概念，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。17.答案：isntdoesnt解析：该句中have是实义动词，否定动词应用助动词，本文是一般现在时，主语是单数，故isnt改为doesnt 。18.答案：去掉been解析：句意为“我的家庭是如此和谐，我已经成长为一个充满爱和责任的人。”动词grow “成长”是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故去掉bee

31、n。19.答案：hadhave解析：主句谓语动词为一般现在时，故宾语从句应用现在完成时。故had改为have。20.答案：approachedapproaches解析：根据前后句时态可知，as引导的时间状语从句谓语用一般现在时。故approached 改为approaches。IV.精选典题主谓一致专题对点训练短文语法填空I have two sons，Tom and Mike. Both 21. (be) fond of playing football，but neither Tom nor Mike 22. (care) for swimming because they are afr

32、aid of water.Recently Tom，as well as his friends 23. (set) up a club of their own，where many a student 24. (play) chess after school.The number of the students going there 25. (increase) day by day and a large number of students 26. (be) keen on playing games there. A poet and writer 27. (be) to del

33、iver a lecture next Sunday. Quantities of money 28. (collect) for the victims in the storm at present，Not only Tom but also Mike 29. (play) an important role in the activity. Each boy and girl belonging to the club 30. (be) in favour of this activity.【语篇解读】本文主要讲了作者的两个儿子开设自己社团的故事。21. 答案：are 解析：both作主

34、语，谓语动词用复数。22. 答案：cares 解析：neither.nor.作主语, 谓语动词采用就近一致原则。23. 答案：has set 解析：as well as连接并列主语， 谓语动词采用就前一致原则。由recently可知，用现在完成时。24. 答案：plays 解析：many a十单数名词作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。25. 答案：is increasing 解析：the number of.作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。26. 答案：area 解析： number of.作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。27. 答案：is 解析：两个名词共用一个冠词，指一人身兼两职，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式28. 答案：are being collected 解析： quantities of.作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式。29. 答案：plays 解析：not onlybut also.作主语， 谓语动词采用就近一致原则。30. 答案：is 解析：each十单数名词and(each) +单数名词， 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。