完形填空——2021年外研版英语中考题型专题复习讲义.doc

1、中考英语复习专题完形填空学员姓名： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：3辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核： 授课主题初中语法专题完形填空教学目标1.教会学生完形填空这一题型的关键步骤与技巧方法2.掌握中考完形填空考查的各种词汇词性的知识点运用教学重难点清晰各大词性的词义辨析，养成良好的做题习惯授课日期及时段教学内容一、 知识梳理1.题型分析2.题型特点3.命题规律4.中考考点分布5.解题步骤6.做题需要具备的学习素质和能力7.解题技巧二、 专题精讲1. 题型分析完形填空即障碍性阅读，旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在200左右。学生通过推理判断，综合分析等将答案

2、填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。2. 题型特点完形填空以考查实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇考查的语境化；体裁以记叙文为主，内容贴近生活。其命题特点如下:1.重语境：完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案，因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节。2.重实词：完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词。3.重首句：首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。4.重快速领悟文章主旨的能力：完形城空题的特点在于人为地设置

3、了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在阅读、理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。5.对文章的整体把握能力：对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示。对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群整体文意的把握。6.重考察排除干扰、辨析词义的能力：完形填空题中的干扰项，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些干扰项就容易被排除。3. 命题规律中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文

4、意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。4. 广东中考完形填空题考点分布年份考点2020名词3动词1形容词2副词2 连词0 代词0 固定词组22019名词2动词2形容词2副词1 连词1 代词0 固定词组22018名词2动词2形容词1副词1 连词1 代词1 固定词组22017名词2动词1形容词2副词1 连词1 代词1 固定词组22016名词2动词1形容词2副词1 连词1 代词0 固定词组32015名词2动词1形容词2副词1 连词1 代词0 固定词组32014名词3动词3形容词1副词1 连词0 代词0 固定词组25. 解题步骤(1) 通读全文，

5、初步了解文章大意，关注首尾段及每段首句。（在30s-1min完成）(2) 细读每空，关注选项词性，以及句子间逻辑关系。(3) 进入角色，从作者角度出发，深入推敲。6. 做题需要具备的学习素质和能力 基于上述来总结做题方法完形填空解题技巧1.上下文联系在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：【例1】What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live_

6、, and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city【解析】本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选B。【例2】I always reme

7、mber waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.A. leave the bed B.lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up【解析】本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联

8、，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选C。上下文逻辑顺向1.In college, I wanted to be a math teacher. After completing four years of math courses, it was time to find a _(36). A. friendB. wayC. job D. house【点拨】名词题：a看前后名词复现b看前后句同义转述c关注选项前后形容词，动词，of短语d关注选项后句子的大意，注意冒号，破折号，定语从句等等。2.I had a high fever. The doctor g

9、ave me the wrong medicine, and this caused me to _37_ my speech.A.have B.make C.lose D.drop【点拨】动词题：a看前后动词，因为动词具有连贯性； b关注选项前后名词/代词/副词 上下文-逻辑-逆向My mom told me that when I was born, I was the most beautiful baby in the world. Time passed, and I started to be a strong and happy girl. Then, one day when

10、I was five years old, my life _36_ a lot. I had a high fever. The doctor gave me the wrong medicine, and this caused me to lose my speech.A. proved B. changed C. improved D. increased An accident had happened on the left side. The truck had _39_ a car, but the driver was gone.A. hit B. metC. passed

11、D. followed上下文同义词As a _39_ woman, Jane finished school in London, and then worked for a filmmaker for a while. When a school friend invited her to visit Kenya, she worked as a waitress until she had earned the fare to travel there by boat. She was 23 years old at that time.A. youngB. strongC. tallD.

12、 beautifulSixteen years later, I _46_ Mrs. Abshere, so that I could tell her how grateful (感激的) I was. When I found her, we had the most wonderful conversation. A. searched for B. rang up C. called on D. bumped into 上下文反义词Istartedmynewlifehereandmadealist goalsformyself. At the time, the list seemed

13、 _ (42) reasonable to me. But my mother thought differently. A. hardly B. probably C. specially D. completely【点拨】副词题：判断空格所需感情色彩2.情感态度（较难题）三种情感：(1) 正情感：happy, amazing等(2) 零情感：fast, slow, surprising等(3) 负情感：sad, disappointed等Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had

14、seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed _ (37) of himself, and was so pale that it hurt us to look at him.37. A. unafraid B. unsureC. proud D. tired【点拨】形容词题： a在系动词有的形容词：关注主语；在名词前的形容词：关注名词 b关注选项周围的感情色彩3、固定搭配【例1】On the train, Tom was looking 1 for his ticket because the conduct

15、or was coming _ 2 to his ticket.1.A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere2.A. down B. up C. in D. on【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come up to sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。例2 Whenever Im _, I still look back at that yearbook.A. away B. out C. behind D. down【

16、解析】本文讲述了一位叫Ricky的学生的前后变化：从经常被大家嘲笑，没有自信到充满自信并被大家喜欢。此题为本文最后一题，想表明每当我遇到挫折时，总会想起那天的事情。be down，固定搭配，表示情绪低落的。4、词义辨析在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。词义辨析熟词僻意1.He asked his father what he should do. His father said, “Look, son, you have to make up your own mind

17、 on this. However, I think it is a very important _ for you. ”A. changeB. challenge C. chanceD. decision2.Gary had to 1 his job because of hisheart disease. In 2001, Gary was put on the waiting list for a heart transplant (移植), which seemed to offer his last hope to live. A. leave B. lose C. take D.

18、 change词义辨析词组搭配1.They _ more than 8 hours practising catching and hitting the balls every day before the match. A. used B. took C. wastedD. spent2.Many students came from single-parent families. A lot of them didnt _ (42) about school. Some of them were at our school because they had been kicked out

19、 of other schools. I felt very young and inexperienced.42.A. learn B. talk C. think D. care词汇语法介词1.But before I could do anything, he began testing his wings and then flew _(44).A. back B. out C. down D. away2.We all felt very good. We had passed another milestone(绊脚石)_(43) having to go downtown and

20、 draw money out of the bank. A. till B. by C. without D. except词汇语法连词复合句（宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句）中连词的判断：来源:m1. 理解句意第一位2. 学会分析句子结构，弄清句子与句子之间的逻辑关系3. 语言理解能力，推理能力，判断能力 1.The trip was really comfortable and peaceful. Then I stopped rowing, sat back and closed my eyes _ I heard Dad rowing quietly.A. after B. befor

21、e C. while D. until2.When I arrived at the school in the fall, there was a new headmaster. He didnt know _ I was! A. who B. where C. what D. how3.He came up and asked me nervously, “Can you sign this?” I took his yearbook but I didnt know _to write.A. how B. which C. where D. what4.Now, I am studyin

22、g English. I cant believe that I am learning another language. But, I am. I am crying 1 studying here makes me feel happy, and it makes me smile 2 I remember what the doctor said to my mom, “she will never be able to speak or learn another language.”1. A. until B. unless C. before D. because2. A. if

23、 B. when C. until D. since学科网5.At the interview, she said, “ I can help other people understand how important our friendship is, and how it has helped me, maybe theyll volunteer, too. Mary, wouldnt that be great?” With tears running down, we smiled at one another.A. If B. Though C. Because D. After6

24、.But I would cry out and make a big noise until I got what I wanted. I remember well how my mother asked me _ I couldnt be a nice boy like Wilfred. A.how B. whenC. whereD. why7.Jason worked in a shop that sold watches. He was always telling his friend, Henry, to buy a new watch. But Henry, _ wife di

25、sliked Jason, said he didnt need one. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose5 、中心主旨文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。【例1】I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeffs team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of h

26、is . The fact that it has made a difference in other peoples lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success【解析】 D 本文讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后，我受邀参加了曾经是对手的Jeff的竞选团队，并在其中发挥了很大的作用，帮助Jeff竞选成功，也得到了启发：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己发挥了作用，这就是真正的奖励，并会给自己带来美好的感受。本题说我也是他成功中的一部分，所以选择success。【例2】I ho

27、nor my aunt, who taught me the things my _ couldnt. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day card.A. teachers B. mother C. father D. friends【解析】本文讲述，我出生没多久父亲就去世了，是姨妈Mrion一直充当着父亲的角色，带我成长，所以在过去的40年里，我每天都要送父亲节贺卡给她，以表达我不断加深的感激之情。故本题选C。6、简

28、单逻辑分为因果，并列，转折，否定。【例1】For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and still dont think of herself. _ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made muchA. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before【解析】A 句意：如果不强迫她来到前面

29、，在找全家福时她会站在后面。unless除非，如果不。although虽然，尽管。since自从，既然; before 在之前。2.No one could walk through any hallway passing Jeffs smiling face.A. for B. from C. with D. without【解析】D 最能凸显出 poster 效果的介词是without 否定介词与前面的no 相呼应，双重否定表肯定。3.Although just ten years old, Lincoln was _ a child. He decided to be a man of

30、the type which his mother would praise and admire.来源:学科网A. stillB. just C. at leastD. no longer来7、情景还原【例】The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my . I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.A. eye B. face C. heart D. mouth【解析】 D 由

31、后文的I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.可知，一定是用嘴 mouth 去said。故选择mouth.【中考链接】Jacks love for birds started when he made his first birdfeeder about six years ago. He filled the feeder with seeds, put it in his backyard and then _46_ started coming. He got real

32、ly _47_ in birds as more came. 46. A. beesB. birdsC. peopleD. scientists47. A. nervous B. weakC. bored D. interestedThen be joined a local society. As he realized that more and more birds were dying very _48_, he wanted to try his best to help them.48. A. peacefullyB. safely C. quickly D. sadlyBesid

33、es what he has done, he has his own group called Protecting Out Birds. He does _49_ about birds, run a website to teach people about birds and how to help them, and _50_ boxes for birds. 49. A. practice B. business C. instruction D. research50. A. buildsB. breaksC. liftsD. pushesNot long ago, he fou

34、nd that the bluebirds were nesting（做窝）in the dead trees which were often cut down, _51_ he began to make bluebird boxes for the birds in order to save them. 51. A. so B. butC. thoughD. becauseNow he wants to use these boxes to _52_ the dead trees. He hangs these boxes up in trees and takes _53_ down

35、 every week to see if the birds are nesting in them. 52. A. take good care of B. take the place of C. catch up with D. come up with53. A. it B. this C. these D. themHe also writes articles, hoping that more people will _54_ protecting natural ecosystems(生态系统). 54. A. wait for B. send forC. join in D

36、. hand in“Researching birds is _55_ to protecting birds,”jack says, “In order to protect birds, we have to learn and really know about the birds. ”55. A. simple B. crazyC. important D. fresh答案：BDCDA ABDCC先 完 成 简 单 的，把 难 的 留 在 后 面完形填空（广东2019）通该下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。Cindy

37、 and Anna were best friends. Some days they could spend hours happily together without any argument, but other days they just could not _46_ on what to do. One day they decided to play in the garden near their school. “Come on, lets play chess,”Anna said. “I dont want to play chess,”Cindy replied. “

38、We always dowhat you want to do, Cindy. Its my turn to make a _47_,” Anna said. She was getting a little unhappy and _48_, leaving Cindy alone. Cindy was very angry. _49_ she got home, she found she still had Annas notebook in her schoolbag. “Well, Im not giving it back to her today. Im too mad at h

39、er, Cindy thought. The next day at school, their teacher Mr. s Stone _50_ their notebooks. But Anna didnt have hers, and she looked _51_. Cindy knew she should tell Mrs. Stone that she had the notebook, but she was _52_ mad at Anna. When it was time for lunch, Cindy finally told Mrs. Stone the _53_.

40、 Thank you for being _54_, Cindy. Im sure Anna will be thankful that you have given me her notebook, said Mrs. Stone. Later, Mrs. Stone asked the two girls together and talked with them. Mrs. Stone helped them _55_ that it was a good idea to take turns to decide the activity. They became best friend

41、s again. 46. A. agreeB. liveC. dependD. try47. A. promiseB. projectC. decisionD. dialogue48. A. wentoverB. wentonC. wentbyD. wentaway49. A. BecauseB. AfterC. UnlessD. If50. AgaveawayB. askedforC. handedinD. paidfor51. A. worriedB. normalC. proudD. relaxed52. A. stillB. neverC. usuallyD. Almost53. A.

42、 chanceB. methodC. truthD. rule54. A. patientB. honestC. activeD. quiet55. A. describeB. explainC. guessD. realize答案：46-50 ACDBB 51-55 AACBD完形填空（广东2020）通该下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。We are now in the 22nd century. With the development of science and technology, people can cha

43、nge their bodies in the way they want.As years went by, Mr. Smith41his look. Several months ago, Mr. Smith went to a body engineering shop and 42a small nose. Small noses were very 43these years. After the operation, he looked at himself in the mirror(镜子) and found that his 44hair no longer fit his

44、new look. Then he wanted a change to longhair. When he was leaving, the shopkeeper 45told him that the shop had a special offer on ears. At last, Mr. Smith went out of the shop with a small nose, longhair and two new ears.In the next few weeks, Mr. Smiths interest in his 46kept growing. He bought ne

45、w eyes, new hands and new feet. After that, he looked very young for his age, and 47different. He felt satisfied with himself. However, the 48in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. He was 49to enter places like railway stations and airports. In the end, he decided to have his old bod

46、y back!To his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 50because she could not bear(忍受) the bad smell of his old feet.41. A. was bored of B. was relaxed about C. was excited about D. was pleased with42. A. cared for B. waited for C. asked for D. sent for43. A. popular B. similar C. strange D. usefu

47、l44. A. long B. short C. thick D. thin45. A. silently B. foolishly C. carelessly D. suddenly46. A. shape B. age C. life D. look47. A. probably B. hardly C. nearly D. completely48. A. smile B. change C. color D. kiss49. A. guided B. refused C. forced D. allowed50. A. interest B. condition C. decision D. situation答案：4145 ACABD 4650 DDBBC