2021-2022学年新教材北师大版英语英语选择性必修二学案：UNIT 5—3 LESSON 2 .doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 5EducationLesson 2 & Lesson 3 词汇知识自主学习. 根据首字母或汉语意思写出正确的单词1. The companys main objective(目标) is to maximize profits. 2. Their efforts helped the villages gain (获得)their wealth. 3. She came to England to pursue (追求)an acting career. 4.

2、 Environmentalists made some critical (批评的)comments on the citys pollution. 5. His work offers an insight(洞察力) into an alien culture. 6. It is necessary for parents to educate(教育) their children properly. 7. They contributed(捐献) food and clothing for the refugees. 8. The surrounding(周围的) villages ha

3、ve been absorbed into the growing city. 9. I respect his judgement (判断)and Ill follow any advice he gives me. 10. Due to circumstances (情况)beyond our control, the lecture was cancelled. 11. They drew different conclusions from the facts. 12. Our teacher has a high degree of responsibility. 13. Its o

4、bvious that he doesnt like the movie at all. 14. This problem is worthy to be considered by all. 15. The constitution of a primitive society is not necessarily simple. 16. His parents didnt approve of his going abroad alone. 17. Despite some difficulties, theyre not going to abandon the plan. 18. He

5、 urged his teammates to carry out the plan as soon as possible. 19. The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions. 20. We usually owe our success to our parents. 21. I am interested in reading books about ancient civilisations. 22. You can use it to make more beneficial choices in your life.

6、. 选用恰当的短语完成句子to start with, be used to, instead of, put forward, feel like, put. . . in prison, at times, be known as, in other words, fight for1. We all study hard, fighting for a better future. 2. To start with, Id like to introduce you a new way to solve the problem you are facing. 3. The poor bo

7、y was used to being laughed at. 4. Well discuss how to solve the problem instead of sitting around, doing nothing. 5. The proposal put forward at the meeting was useful. 6. They put the farmer in prison without convincing evidence. 7. We are all busy. In other words, none of us can go to the movies.

8、 8. He feels like that he has never been to such a place. 9. I like her, even though she can be annoying at times. 10. Were sure youll be known as an artist. . 翻译句子1. It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 现在, 我们如何获取知识和理解好像是显而易见的。2. To find answers, we observe the world aro

9、und us and study the facts. 为了找到答案, 我们观察周围的世界并研究客观事实。3. At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. 起初, 人们赞成他的研究并敦促他继续下去, 但后来当他证明亚里士多德是错的时, 人们非常生气并把他关进了监狱。4. But even though Aristotle was a great

10、 man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. 但是尽管亚里士多德是一个伟人, 激励了后来许多的科学家和哲学家们, 但他有时候也会出错。阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Paragraph 1: The way we acquire (1)knowledge and understanding. Paragraphs 2、3: The early ideas

11、 about (2)the way to gain knowledge and the reason why people chose to believe the primitive ideas. Paragraphs 4、5: (3)The contributions the great men made to our understanding of the world. 2. Whats the main idea of the passage ?The passage is mainly about the way we acquire knowledge and the proce

12、ss we explore our understanding of the world. Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)How are most people used to getting the information?A. By asking questions. B. By doing experiments. C. By searching online. D. By consulting documents. (2)Who proved the theory that “the Earth is not the c

13、entre of the universe”?A. AristotleB. Galileo GalileiC. Francis BaconD. King James(3)Why did people choose to believe views that were almost 2, 000 years ago?A. Because they were put forward by Aristotle. B. Because Galileo was punished by the church. C. Because the Earth was standing still. D. Beca

14、use they were supported by the government. (4)Why were people angry with Galileo?A. Because his ideas were wrong. B. Because he proved Aristotle wrong. C. Because he was against the church. D. Because Francis Bacon disagreed with him. (5)What mistake did Galileo make?A. He thought the Earth was the

15、centre of the universe. B. He thought people should acquire knowledge by analyzing questions. C. He approved of people challenging Aristotles theories. D. He believed the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. 答案: (1)(5)CBABD2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. We usually acquire kn

16、owledge and understanding by (1)asking questions, (2)answering questions and the (3)testing them to find the right answers. But in the 17th century, this type of thinking was (4)against the views of the day. Because people believed more in the (5)church than in the facts. For example, when Galileo c

17、hallenged what people had always believed and proved the ideas put forward by (6)Aristotle wrong, he was put in (7)prison. However, thanks to the (8)contributions made by people like Galileo, our understanding of the world is continuously (9)growing and (10)changing. 3. Long sentence analysis. (1)Pe

18、ople(主语)like Galileo Galilei(定语)(15641642), who proved the idea(定语从句)that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”(同位语从句), were often punished(谓语)by the church with no one coming to their defence(状语). 译文: 像伽利略这样证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的理论的人们也经常受到教会的惩罚, 却没有人为他们辩护。 (2)It(主语) is not(系动词)surprising(表语) that

19、people wanted to believe these primitive ideas(主语从句)as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(原因状语从句). 译文: 人们愿意相信这些原始的理论, 这一点并不奇怪。因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. What do you think of people like Aristotle and Galileo?(Critical Thinking批判性思维)They were great men in his

20、tory. It was the contributions they made that got our understanding of the world to improve. 2. What should you do as a student in acquiring knowledge?(Creative Thinking创造性思维)As students, we should acquire knowledge in a scientific way. First, ask questions; Second, analyse questions; Finally, find

21、the right answers. 要点精研探究学习1. acquisition n. 获得, 习得*Life is a process about the acquisition of knowledge, wealth and happiness. 生命就是一个获得知识、财富和幸福的过程。*It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than to acquire knowledge. 传授知识与获得知识同样不容易。acquire vt. 获得, 得到, 取得acquire knowledge获得知识用acquire的恰当形式填空(1)They

22、 exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge. (2)While studying abroad, the young man acquired a taste for western art. (3)He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge. 2. contribute vi. &vt. 奉献, 捐献*(2020天津高考) Loneliness is a serious social

23、problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes. 孤独是一个严重的社会问题, 它可能会导致抑郁甚至犯罪。*Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. 我们不是说每个人都需要为穷人奉献他们的生命。*Alan has made an immense contribution to the sport. 艾伦为这项体育运动作出了巨大贡献。(1)contribute. . . to. . . 把捐献给contribute to贡献

24、; 有助于; 投稿给; 导致; 捐款(2)contribution n. 贡献; 捐助物; 投稿; 捐赠; 奉献【巧学助记】图解contribute多重含义 (1)语法填空The success of Jiaolong deep diving submersible made great contributions (contribute) to the exploration of sea. (2)If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 如果你想给

25、我们报社投稿, 请在截止日期前把你的文章发给我。(3)Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款, 使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并投稿给报社。3. expose vt. 使接触; 使体验; 使暴露; 揭露*(2020全国卷) The engineers are also

26、trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. 工程师们也正在努力研发一种开关, 当光线接触到日光的时候, 就会变弱。*The more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night. 鸟儿在夜间接触的灯光越多, 它们就越活跃。*Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 身体受烈日暴晒会造成伤害。(1)expos

27、e. . . to. . . 使暴露于/面临/接触expose sb. to. . . 让某人接触; 使某人暴露于expose sb. as. . . 揭露某人为(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的; 不遮挡风雨的; 易受攻击的(be) exposed to暴露于(3)exposure n. 暴露, 揭露; 报道; 曝光【巧学助记】语法填空(1)We can expose our children to the best values we have found. (2)Klaus von Bulow was exposed as a liar and a cheat. (3)Expose

28、d (expose)to various cuisines from around the world, I am becoming more knowledgeable about the art of cooking. (4)Her new movie has had a lot of exposure(expose) in the media. 4. surrounding adj. 四周的, 附近的 *Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential. 周围的农田渐渐变成了住宅区。*(2020全国卷) And when he s

29、aw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 当他看到雾霭从河上升起, 云朵环绕着山顶, 他流泪了。* We will spare no expense to protect our surroundings from being polluted. 我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的环境不受污染。(1) surround vt. &vi. 包围; 围绕surround sb. /sth. with sb. /sth. 用某

30、人/某物包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with sb. /sth. 被某人/某物包围(2)surroundings n. 周围的事物; 环境(1)语法填空When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by/with soldiers soon. The surrounding (surround) neighborhood fell into silence. (2)Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surround

31、ings. 只有这样, 我们才能生活在更加舒适优美的环境中。(3)Make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. 确保你周围的人都是支持你的。5. judgment n. 判断力; 意见, 评价; 判决*(2020新高考全国卷) His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. 他的判断和文化参考资料以及易吃坏的胃都绝对是美式的。*I am in no position to judge whet

32、her what she is doing is right or wrong. 我无权评判她在做的事是对或是错。*Judging from the number of the cars, there were not many people in the club yet. 从车的数量来判断, 俱乐部里还没有多少人。(1)judgen. 裁判, 法官 vt. 评判; 判断; 审判, 判决judge. . . by/from根据判断judging by/from根据判断(2)in ones judgment在看来; 经判断语法填空(1)Judging by/ from what he said

33、, his request was reasonable. (2)In my judgment, theyve got nothing to worry about. (3)They are to be judges (judge) at the sports meeting. 6. circumstance n. 境况, 状况; 情况, 情形 *Provided that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week. 只要情况允许, 我们下周将举行会议。*You must not touch this switch un

34、der any circumstances. 任何情况下你都不要碰这个开关。under/ in. . . circumstances在情况下under/ in no circumstances无论如何不; 决不under/ in the circumstances在这种情况下翻译句子(1)在任何情况下我都不会同意他的提议。Under no circumstances will I agree with his proposal. (2)目前只对我们开放了三门课程。Under the circumstances only three courses are open to us. 7. conc

35、lusion n. 结论*(2020天津高考) This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. 这就使琼斯得出了结论: 在他的社区有太多极度孤独的人, 他们很容易成为行骗的目标。*The manager made a conclusion that there were limitations to their project. 经理得出结论, 他们的项目受到限制。*We are

36、 able to conclude that he must have consulted some experts before he began to write the essay. 我们可以断定他在写这篇论文前一定咨询了一些专家。(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论in conclusion (= to conclude)最后(一句话)(2)conclude v. 推断出; 推论出; 结束conclude. . . with. . . 用结束(1)语法填空In conclusion, I

37、 would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today. (2)We come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion that he is against our plan. 我们得出的结论是他反对我们的计划。(3)She concluded her speech with a saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”她用一句谚语结束了她的演讲: “有志者, 事竟成。”8. responsibility n. 责任*Its her friendl

38、iness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her. 正是她的友善和责任感令我敬佩她。*Its my responsibility to look after my younger sister when my parents are away. 当我的父母不在时, 照顾我的妹妹是我的责任。*As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society. 作为社会的一员, 我意识

39、到负责任就是做需要做的事来创造一个更好的社会。(1) bear/take (the) responsibility for 承担对的责任, 为负责a sense of responsibility责任感have the responsibility for对有责任, 对负责(2)responsible adj. 有责任的, 应负责任的be responsible for应对负责, 对有责任(1)语法填空Nobody will take/bear the responsibility(responsible) for the terrible mess in the company. There

40、 is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease. (2)If you serve the community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a strong sense of responsibility(强烈的责任感). 9. worthy adj. 有价值的; 值得尊敬的*His true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the gove

41、rnment, but the worthy search for knowledge. 他真正感兴趣的不是政府部门日复一日、缓慢、低效的工作方式, 而是对知识的有价值的探索。*Although the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. 尽管这项工作花费了大量的时间, 但是大多数学生认为这次经历值得。*I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter. 我认为澄清这件事是值得的。表示值得做某事的

42、常用句式: (1)be worth (doing) sth. (2)be worthy of sth. / being donebe worthy to be done(3)It is worthwhile to do sth. / doing sth. worth通常只用作表语; worthy可以用作表语, 也可以修饰名词作定语; worthwhile通常用于it作形式主语的句子中。一句多译他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth considering . =His suggestion put

43、 forward at the conference is worthy of being considered. =His suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy to be considered. =It is worthwhile to consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference. 10. put forward提出, 推荐; (使)提前, 拨快*The government has put forward a series of poli

44、cies and measures to ensure the improvement in living standards. 政府提出了一系列政策措施, 确保人民生活水平有所提高。*This meal is my treat, so put your money away. 这顿饭我请客, 你把钱收起来吧。* The football match was put off because of the storm. 由于暴风雨, 足球赛被推迟了。*He put on his glasses to read the newspaper. 他戴上眼镜读报纸。*Remember to put ou

45、t the light before going out. 出门前记得把灯关上。put away收起来put down放下, 写下put off推迟, 延期put on穿上, 上演put out扑灭; 生产; 出版put through使通过, 使经历, 接通电话put up举起, 修建, 张贴用恰当的介、副词填空(1)The police put him through a severe examination. (2)Are you serious in putting forward such a view?(3)They asked for the proposal to be put

46、 down on paper. (4)The names of the candidates will be put up on the college notice board. 11. approve vt. 赞成; 赞许; 批准*I approve of your trying to make some money, but please dont neglect your studies. 我赞成你设法赚些钱, 但请不要荒废你的学业。*Our boss approved our plan to investigate the market. 老板同意了我们调查市场的计划。*His pl

47、an was well prepared that it gained the managers approval. 他的计划准备得很充分, 得到了经理的赞同。(1)approve of赞成, 赞许approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事(2)approval n. 赞成; 批准meet with ones approval得到某人的同意approve的不同用法(1)approve表示“赞成; 同意”时, 是不及物动词, 若后接宾语, 要用approve of(doing) sth. 。(2)表示“赞成某人做某事” 时, 用approve of sb. s doing

48、 sth. 。 (1)语法填空She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. He showed his approval (approve)by smiling. (2) Her parents did not approve of her decision. 她的父母不赞成她的决定。12. urge vt. 强烈要求; 敦促*Father urged that I (should) apologize to my English teacher. 父亲敦促我向英语老师道歉。*Although the

49、price of the washing machine was beyond our range, she kept urging us to have a look at least. 虽然洗衣机的价格超出了我们的能力范围, 但是她极力劝说我们至少看一看。*I had to get back for an urgent meeting. 我必须回去开一个紧急会议。 强烈要求某人做某事urge sth. on/upon sb. 向某人强调某事urge that sb. (should) do sth. 力劝某人做某事(2)urgent adj. 紧急的, 紧迫的urgency n. 紧急的事

50、语法填空(1)She could hear him urging her on as she ran past. (2)They departed hurriedly because of some great urgency(urge) in their affairs. (3)It is urged that immediate action (should) be taken (take)to prevent such a thing happening again. 13. beneficial adj. 有利的, 有帮助的*(2020浙江高考)While smart lights c

51、an be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. 虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市特别有帮助, 但是另外一些城市如此堵塞, 只有路上车辆锐减才能真正起作用。* To sum up, I hope all of us can benefit from these activities. 综上所述, 我希望我们都可以从这些活动中

52、获益。* Most people admitted that most contents of the Internet were of great benefit to us. 大多数人承认, 网上的大部分内容对我们很有益。benefit vt. &vi. 有益于; 有助于; 受益 n. 好处; 利益; 优势benefit from/by. . . 从中受益; 得益于benefit sb. 对某人有益be of (much/great) benefit to sb. =be (very) beneficial to sb. 对某人(非常)有益处for the benefit of. . .

53、为了的利益(1)语法填空Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it. China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens. (2)同义句转换It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health. =It is said that yoga is very beneficial t

54、o human health. 14. It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle. 人们愿意相信这些原始的理论, 这一点并不奇怪。因为它们是由伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。【句式解构】it用作形式主语, 真正的主语是that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas; as引导原因状语从句。*It is obvi

55、ous that this destruction will become more dangerous in the future. 很明显这种破坏在未来会变得更加危险。*It is believed that China will make greater progress in the space cause. 人们相信中国会在航天事业取得更大的进步。*It is a pity that my best friend cant attend my birthday party. 我最好的朋友不能来参加我的生日派对, 真是遗憾。常见it替代后面的从句作形式主语的句式: (1)It is+a

56、dj. (clear, obvious, true, possible, necessary, natural, important. . . )+that-clause(2)It is+n. (a pity, a shame, ones duty, no use, no good, no wonder. . . )+that-clause(3)It is+过去分词(said, reported, believed, announced, suggested, required. . . )that-clause(4)It+vi. (happen, occur, appear, seem. .

57、 . )+that-clause(1)It is necessary that we attach great importance to English study. 我们重视英语学习是有必要的。(2)It is no wonder that hell sign the contract tomorrow. 他明天签合同是不足为怪的。(3)It is reported that this plant can prevent cancer. 据报道, 这种植物可以预防癌症。(4)It appears that they will win the game. 他们似乎要赢得这场比赛。语法精讲优化

58、学习名词搭配Dialogue 1: Dialogue 2: 观察上面对话, 并完成句子1. To find the right answers to the questions, we should study the facts first. 要找到问题的正确答案, 我们应该先研究事实真相。2. Do you know who proved the idea that “The Earth is not the centre of the universe”?你知道是谁证实了“地球不是宇宙的中心”这一理论吗?3. People tend to believe the ideas put fo

59、rward by famous people. 人们倾向于相信由著名人物提出的理论。一、及物动词+名词*We can improve knowledge by travelling around. 我们可以通过旅行扩充知识。*Some people ignore the fact that air pollution is still serious. 一些人忽视了空气污染还很严重这个事实。这类词语搭配常见错误为动词选择不当, 即中文思维、望文生义正确表达望文生义get knowledgegain knowledgeextend/improve/enrich /widen/broaden kn

60、owledgelearn knowledgestudy knowledgeteach knowledge选择合适的动词完成句子(1) We must concentrate (concentrate/ gather) our efforts on improving education. (2) She usually relieves ( relieve/ lose) pressure by listening to soft music. (3)Field trips are beneficial to gaining (gaining/ learning) knowledge. 二、不及

61、物动词+介词+名词不及物动词后加名词作宾语时, 需添加恰当的介词。*My classmates and I usually work as volunteers in the library at weekends. 我和我的同学们周末通常在图书馆做志愿者。*It is said that the new teacher graduated from a famous university. 据说那位新老师是名牌大学毕业的。这类词语搭配常见错误为介词使用不当, 该用不用、错用多用。正确表达介词误用marry somebodydivorce somebodymarry with somebody

62、divorce with somebodycontact somebodycontact with somebody(1) Please contact us if there is any question. 如有任何问题, 请联系我们。(2) The hard-working boy comes from a remote small village. 那个勤奋学习的男孩来自一个偏远的小村庄。(3)There is no need to compare with others. Be yourself. 没必要跟别人攀比。做你自己。使用本单元所学语法知识选择适当的词完成短文。To 1. g

63、ain (gain/ study) knowledge for a better future, I wanted to go abroad to 2. broaden (broaden/ widen) my horizons. At first, my parents didnt 3. approve of (approve of/ approve ) my living alone at such a young age, but I tried my best to 4. convince (convince/ convince of) them that I would take care of myself very well. Therefore, they 5. agreed with (agreed with/ agreed to )my decision eventually. 关闭Word文档返回原板块