2020-2021学年高考英语语法核心考点复习 主谓一致知识点.docx
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1、主谓一致知识点 概述:主谓一致要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致原则指的是主语和谓语的数互相匹配,根据主语的语法形式,决定谓语动词的单复数形式。语法形式是单数的主语,谓语动词用单数形式;语法形式是复数的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。 意义一致原则指的是主谓语的一致不是根据其外部形态来决定的,而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义,也就是说,要从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。有时主语形式为单数,但是意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义而定,亦采取复数形式。 就近一致原则指的是谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数保持一致,而不是根据整个主语部分的数来决定。 语法一致原则和意
2、义一致原则通常是协调统一的,究竟何时采用何种原则视习惯用法而定。1.语法一致原则。主语和谓语通常是从语法上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也为复数形式。在正式用法中往往遵循语法一致的原则。1).单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语,其谓语动词应用单数形式。复数名词或代词作主语,其谓语动词应用复数形式。如:To play basketball and to go swimmingisuseful for character-training.打篮球和游泳对性格培养都很有用。When he was born and where he gre
3、w upisstill unknown.他什么时间出生,在哪儿长大,人们仍然不知道。Going to bed early and getting up earlyisa good habit.早睡早起是好习惯。Reading English magazines and novelsishelpful to your study of English.读英语杂志和小说对你的英语学习有帮助。What you said just nowhassomething to do with the matter we are discussing.你刚才所说的与我们正在讨论的事有关。注:在大多数情况下,由w
4、hat引导的主语从句,其后主句的谓语动词(多数是be的某种形式)应采取单数形式。但是表语是复数时或者what从句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词也可采取复数形式。如:What I sawwas / weretwo books.我看见的就是两本书。What we need badly herearedoctors.我们这儿急需医生。What he said and what he didhavegreatly encouraged his brother.他说的和他所做的给他的弟弟极大的鼓励。What I say and thinkis / areno business of you
5、rs.我说什么想什么关你什么事。2). 某些不定代词,如:either , neither , each , one , the one , another, anybody , anyone , anything , everything ,something ,somebody , someone ,everybody , everyone , nobody , no one , nothing, all(指物)等作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Everything around usismatter.我们周围的一切都是物质的。Each of themhasan apple.他们每
6、个人都有一个苹果。Either of these busesgoesto the museum.这两路公共汽车都去博物馆。Nothing in the worldisdifficult for one whosetshis mind to it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。I know that allisgetting on well with the new comer.我知道这个新来者一切都进展得很好。注:当each位于复数主语后或句未作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,即谓语动词仍用复数。如:They eachhavebought a Chinese-English dictionary.=T
7、heyhavebought a Chinese-English dictionary each.他们每个人都买了一本汉英词典。3).由and或bothand连接的并列主语,其谓语动词常用复数形式。如:Both bread and butteraresold out in that shop.这家商店里面包和黄油都卖完了。The director and the chief engineerareexperienced.厂长和总工程师经验都很丰富。Playing football and watching TVareboth interesting.踢足球和看电视都有趣。Both he and
8、his parentsaregoing to visit the Great Wall next month.他和他的父母下个月都要去参观长城。注:a.如果并列主语所表示的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时(包含通常由两个部件配成的物品。如:a knife and fork , a cup and saucer , a cart and horse, a watch and chain, a key and lock, bread and butter等等),谓语动词则要用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如:The worker and writerisgoing to give us
9、a talk this afternoon.这个工人作家今天下午要给我们作报告。The secretary and directorhasnot come yet.那个厂长兼书记还没有来。The League secretary and monitortakesthe lead in everything.那个团委书记兼班长在各方面都起带头作用。Science and technologyplaysan important part in our four modernizations.科学技术在我们的四个现代化建设中起着重要作用。Doessuch a watch and chain cost
10、 much?这样一只带表链的表要值多少钱?In this hotel, the bread and butter (=the bread with butter on it )isserved for breakfast.在这家旅馆,早餐提供涂黄油的面包。A glass of milk and two eggsismy breakfast every day.我每天的早餐就是一杯牛奶和两个鸡蛋。b. and连接的并列单数主语的前面如果分别有each , every, no ,或many a修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Each man and each womanenjoysequal
11、rights.男女都人人平等。In our country, every boy and every girlhasthe right to education.在我们国家,无论男孩还是女孩都有平等受教育的权利。No teacher and no studentisallowed to take the magazines out of the reading-room.老师和学生都不能把杂志带出阅览室。Many a boy and many a girlhasbeen to Beijing.很多男孩女孩都去过北京。4).当主语后面跟有as well as , no less than , r
12、ather than , but ,except , besides , with , along with ,together with , like , including , in addition to以及of等介词引导的短语时,尽管含有并列意义,但不能看作是并列主语,其谓语动词的形式依前面主语的单复数而定。如:Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。E-mail, as well as telephones,isplaying an important part in daily communication.电子邮件和电话一样在日常交际中都起着
13、重要作用。The mother, rather than the children,isresponsible for the accident.是母亲而不是孩子们应对此次事故负责。Alice, together with two girls,waspunished for having broken the rule.艾丽斯和另外两个女孩因违反纪律而被处罚。Nobody in the school but my friend Zhou Yan oftenwinsprizes in national English competions.学校里只有我的朋友周燕经常在全国英语竞赛中获奖。Ever
14、yone here, including children and old people,goesin for sports.这儿所有的人,包含孩子和老人,都热爱体育运动。5).由 many a +单数名词和 more than one +单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但表示复数意义。如:Many a factorywasbuilt last year.去年又建设了许多工厂。Many a studenthascome but more than oneisable to do it.很多学生都来了,但只有小数几个学生能够做这事。More than one personhasmade the
15、 suggestion.不止一个人提出过这个建议。More than one studentwaslate for the class this morning.今天早上不止一个学生上课迟到。6).由 a lot of ( lots of , plenty of , half of ,the rest of , part of, most of, some of, more than) +名词或代词构成的短语以及由分数(如:two thirds of)或百分数percent+ of +名词或代词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要根据短语中后面名词的数而定,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语
16、中前面的量词是修饰语。如:Two thirds of the applehasgone bad.这个苹果的四分之三已腐烂了。Two thirds of the applesaregreen.这些苹果的四分之三还是青的。Three fourths of the surface of the earthissea.陆地表面的四分之三是大海。Over 70 percent of the population of Chinaarepeasants.中国百分之七十的人口是农民。Thirty percent of the studentsarefrom the north.The rest of the
17、m are from the South.百分之三十的学生来自北方,其他学生都来自南方。More than two hundred peoplehaveturned out at the meeting.有两百多人出席了这个会议。Most of his timehasbeen spent on novels.他的大部分时间都用在读小说上了。Most of the mistakes in his compositionweremade because of carelessness.他作文中的大多数错误都是由于粗心引起的。Half of the furnitureismade of wood .
18、有一半的家具是木制的。7).在定语从句中关系代词作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与主句中的先行词的数保持一致。如:The girl whoistalking with our English teacher is his former student.正在跟我们英语老师交谈的那个女孩是他以前的学生。They have found many elements in the moon rocks whicharefound in the earth.他们在月球岩石中发现了很多在地球上所发现的元素。注:以 one of +复数名词作定语从句的先行词时,关系代词who , that , which所指的是复
19、数名词而不是 one ,因此从句的谓语动词应为复数形式。但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时,则应处理为单数形式。如:John is one of the foreign students whospeakChinese quite well.约翰是那些汉语讲得很好的外国学生之一。This is one of the best books thathaveever been written by him.这本书是他所写的做好的书之一。She is the only one of the best singers whoisknown to us all.她是我们所知的唯一一位优
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