2020年高考英语大二轮复习专题突破讲练文档：大题提分练5　阅读理解之主旨大意题（一） WORD版含答案.docx

1、大题提分练5阅读理解之主旨大意题(一)限时30分钟(提示：请利用阅读理解解题技巧1012巧解本练习中的加黑的小题)A(2019成都三模)体裁：记叙文主题语境：社会生活难度：For the past two years I have been travelling and living abroad. Home has become more of a feeling than a place. I feel at home when I am with my family in London, but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I lo

2、ve. Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows. It is more complicated than that.This is one of the reasons that celebrating the new year has become very important for me. I do not care about “New Years resolutions (决心)” living abroad has made me constantly reconsider

3、what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I dont feel the need to plan for change: I live for change.New Years Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends that makes me feel at home. Every year we try to reunite wherever we are and remember the time when we knew each

4、other so well that we felt like a family. It is a moment to reconnect and get to know each other again. Last year, we travelled to a cottage in Ireland where we had no Internet and no neighbours. In the middle of the countryside, away from our big and constantly changing lives, we were able to becom

5、e like a little family again.This year, we went to Barcelona. It was a very big change. We were surrounded by culture and life and joy. There were bars and parties. It was different, but one thing stayed very much the sameI felt at home again and we felt like a family again.A lot of people feel that

6、 New Years Eve cannot live up to expectations. Ideas such as the “New Years kiss” and “resolutions” create a lot of pressure for people to have a night to remember, a night that will change their lives and perhaps make the next year one worth living. I think those people are missing the point. If Ch

7、ristmas is about family, why cant New Year be about friends?【语篇解读】如何庆祝新年呢，作者的答案是和朋友一起度过。好词积累feel at home with sb. 和某人在一起觉得自在； live up to expectations 不辜负期望1What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Family. B. Living abroad.C. Home. D. Staying with friends.答案与解析C代词指代题。由画线前一句“

8、Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows.”“家不再是一幅有前门和一些窗户的房子的图画”。由此可知，下文的意思是家比这更复杂。“It”指代上文提到的“家”，故选C。2Why doesnt the author care about “New Years resolutions”？A. New Years resolutions cannot be reached.B. His lifestyle makes him always ready for change.C. Its meanin

9、gless to make any big changes in life.D. Making New Years resolutions creates much pressure.答案与解析B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“I do not care about New Years resolutions (决心)living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I dont feel the need to plan

10、for change: I live for change.”(我不在乎“新年决心”在国外生活让我不断地重新考虑我想成为什么样的人，我将如何生活，所以我觉得没有必要为改变做计划：我为改变而活)由此可知，作者不在乎“新年决心”是因为他的生活方式使他时刻准备着改变，故选B。3What does the author try to convey through his experiences in Ireland and Barcelona?A. Life is peaceful and enjoyable.B. Living abroad is a happy experience.C. Stay

11、ing with friends makes one feel at home.D. Traveling abroad enriches ones life experience.答案与解析C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In the middle of the countryside, away from our big and constantly changing lives, we were able to become like a little family again.”(在乡村的中心，远离我们不断变化的大生活，我们又能像一个小家庭了)和第四段最后一句“It was diffe

12、rent, but one thing stayed very much the sameI felt at home again and we felt like a family again.”(这是不同的，但有一件事是非常相同的我感觉像回到了家，我们感觉像一个家庭)由此推断出，作者试图通过他在爱尔兰和巴塞罗那的经历表达和朋友待在一起让人有回家的感觉，故选C。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. New Years Celebration: How?B. True Friendship: What?C.

13、Living Abroad: Comfortable or Complicated?D. Change: Plan It or Make It?答案与解析A标题归纳题。第三段第一句“New Years Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends that makes me feel at home.”(除夕已经成为我和朋友们重新联系的时间，这让我感到宾至如归)是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲述对于怎样庆祝新年这个问题，作者的答案是和朋友一起度过，故A项作为标题合适。B(2019江西八校联考)体裁：说明文主题语境：现代

14、技术难度：It is often difficult for farmers to identify diseases quickly enough to protect their crops and those on neighboring farms. Now, some farmers are using a simple device directly in the field to find viruses before they spread.In Tanzania, several viruses are a threat to cassava crops. Farmers s

15、truggle to identify the diseases in an urgent effort to avoid severe crop damage. The disease identification process is often difficult when farmers are acting on their own. If they do not know what is attacking their crops, they cannot decide the best way to fight the disease. A device from British

16、 technology company Oxford Nanopore is changing that. The device extracts deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA, from plants. DNA is the carrier of genetic information in nearly all living things. The device helps farmers identify what is harming their crops so they can change to more resistant

17、 crops.Laura Boykin is with the University of Western Australia and also works with the Cassava Virus Action Project. She brought the device to a Tanzanian farm owned by Asha Mohamed. She said, “We are here collecting leaf punches from infected material to test, to do a DNA extraction and then start

18、 sequencing (排序) in the field.” The testing identified a number of viruses in the cassava (木薯) fields near Mohameds farm. The process also discovered that plants considered resistant to disease had a very low viral level. Once the viruses were identified, Asha Mohamed was given two kinds of seeds th

19、at are resistant to the diseases.In another case, DNA was collected from a pawpaw tree farm in Kenya. With that test, the technology was able to identify diseases affecting Naomi Mumos crops. Naomi Mumo said, “All my pawpaw were affected by a disease, and I didnt know what kind of disease it was. Bu

20、t now, I have people who have identified the disease using new technology, and within a very short time. So Im very happy.”The speed at which farmers identify diseases can mean the difference between the success and failure on large areas of crop land. Now, the use of such simple and easily transpor

21、table DNA sequencing devices is making that possible.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了DNA测序设备帮助农民快速发现病毒并识别作物中的疾病。好词积累be resistant to 抵抗的5Whats the main idea of the whole passage?A. Farmers in Tanzania struggle to identify the diseases in their crops.B. How Laura Boykin helped Asha Mohamed to identify the viruses

22、.C. DNA sequencing device helps farmers to find viruses and identify the diseases in their crops quickly.D. A DNA sequencing device helps farmers to identify the diseases and keep healthy.答案与解析C文章大意题。根据第一段及第一段的叙述及最后一段中的“Now, the use of such simple and easily transportable DNA sequencing devices is m

23、aking that possible.”可知，本文主要介绍了DNA测序设备帮助农民快速发现病毒并识别作物中的疾病，故C项正确。6Which of the following best explains “extracts” underlined in Paragraph 2?A. Produces. B. Creates.C. Refuses. D. Gets.答案与解析D词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA, from plants”可知，该设备从植物中提取脱氧核糖核酸，也就是DNA，由此可知画线词词义为“提取；得

24、到”，故D项正确。7How does Naomi Mumo feel with the DNA sequencing device?A. Relaxed. B. Satisfied.C. Disappointed. D. Annoyed.答案与解析B观点态度题。倒数第二段中的“But now, I have people who have identified the disease using new technology, and within a very short time. So Im very happy.”中的“happy”一词体现了人物的态度，由此可知，Naomi Mumo对

25、DNA测序设备是满意的。故B项正确。C(2019烟台二模)体裁：说明文主题语境：健康的生活方式难度：Swimming in freezing water may sound hard to understand. But thats precisely what 400 athletes from 33 countries had to endure in the 3rd International Ice Swimming Championships held in Murmansk, Russia from March 14 to 17, 2019.Unlike normal swim c

26、ompetitions, ice swimming doesnt suit everyone. The extreme sport can damage the heart. So even the most experienced athletes are carefully monitored and medically examined before and after they enter the water. Individual spotters are assigned to each participant to check for any issues as they swi

27、m. Each event also has a strict time limit after which competitors who are still in the water are pulled out.As a rule, participants dont dive in. Instead, they dip themselves into the water slowly using ladders, allowing the body to get gradually accustomed to the low temperature. Swimmers must als

28、o stay horizontal (水平的) in the water at all times and arent allowed to perform flip turns (滚翻转身). Thats because, in cold water, the warmer blood moves to the core (核心) of the body, protecting the organs from the extreme temperature. A flip turn could lead warm blood to move and endanger the organs.U

29、pon completing their race, swimmers are quickly led to a recovery center, where experts help them warm up by dipping their legs in cool water and covering their bodies with heated towels. Once their body temperature stabilizes, the swimmers settle down into a hot bathtub.Despite risks, many ice swim

30、ming addicts still enjoy participating in ice swimming competitions. They like the physical challenge of actually swimming in freezing water and swimming distance. Besides, they love the feeling of being out in nature.【语篇解读】2019年3月14日至17日期间第三届国际冰泳世界锦标赛在俄罗斯摩尔曼斯克地区举行，有400名来自世界上33个不同国家的选手参赛。本文介绍了冰泳与普通游

31、泳比赛的不同之处。刺骨的冰水对运动员的要求更严格，对身体的挑战更巨大，但总有冰泳爱好者不断挑战自我。好词积累precisely adv. 精确地； accustomed to 习惯于8What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Possible dangers of ice swimming.B. Rules of ice swimming competitions.C. Measures to secure ice swimming participants.D. Differences between normal swimming and ice

32、 swimming.答案与解析C段落大意题。根据第二段中的“So even the most experienced athletes are carefully monitored and medically examined . Individual spotters are assigned to each participant to check . Each event also has a strict time limit . pulled out.”可知，为保障冰泳运动员的安全，赛前和赛后都对运动员进行仔细的监控和体检；并且为每名选手配备单独的观察员，此外每场比赛都有严格的时间

33、限制。故第二段主要涉及保护冰泳运动员所采取的一系列措施。故C项正确。9Why is a flip turn forbidden in the competition?A. It affords less comfort than keeping horizontal.B. It causes inadequate warm blood supply to organs.C. It can hardly be performed by all swimmers.D. It threatens organs by freezing the blood.答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后两句

34、可知，在冷水中，较温暖的血液流动到身体的核心，保护身体免受极端温度的伤害。滚翻转身可能导致温暖的血液流动而危害器官，由此可知，在冰泳时滚翻转身会导致身体中的血液流动从而导致器官血供应不足。故B项正确。10How can ice swimming participants avoid potential risks?A. Take hot baths right after the race.B. Dive in quickly to adapt to the cold water.C. Receive postgame mental treatment.D. Follow procedures

35、 of the competitions.答案与解析D推理判断题。根据文章第二至第四段介绍的比赛前后的各种事项可知，参赛选手必须严格遵守比赛的流程：赛前的体检、赛中的监测、赛后的暖身活动。只有这样才能规避风险。故D项正确。11What do the ice swimming addicts have in common?A. Theyre courageous to meet challenges.B. Theyre filled with ridiculous thoughts.C. They enjoy showing off physical fitness.D. They have n

36、o intention to win a competition.答案与解析A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，虽然冰泳存在风险和挑战，勇敢的冰泳爱好者们仍然喜欢在刺骨的冰水中畅游。由此可知，冰游爱好者的共同特点是勇于面对挑战。故A项正确。加练阅读七选五(2020届安徽六校高三联考)体裁：说明文主题语境：健康的生活方式难度：Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical problems from occurring later. However, we often have less a

37、wareness of preventative actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now, many of us will struggle at some point. Its impossible to get through life without challenges, but our mental health prevention habits can help us get through difficult

38、 times. Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental wellness is likely to be.So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. Be connected. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends

39、 and family improves your ability to handle disappointments, and everything else life throws at you. But you can be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social. The nature of these activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify wh

40、at gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc. all can contribute to increasing your sense of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways

41、 to help your recovery.A. Here are three practical steps.B. However, good mental health is important.C. Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen.D. Overcome lifes challenges before they happen.E. Be committed to activities that give life meaning.F. The key is to find what keeps you motivated a

42、nd interested.G. This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.答案与解析【语篇解读】生活中难免遇到各种困难或挑战，如何保持心理健康至关重要，短文介绍了三个保持心理健康的办法。好词积累be committed to 投入； stick with 坚持；继续做熟词生义address vt.解决；处理1C空前提到有些时候，我们困难重重，空后一句中提到生活不可能没有挑战，心理健康预防习惯能帮助我们克服困难，由此可推知有些时候会出现压力、失望和灾难，这些都是我们面临的挑战和困难，故C项正确。且

43、Stresses, disappointments and disasters与前文的problems呼应。2A根据下文三段的介绍，可知这是三个针对生活中出现的问题的建议，故A项。3F根据该段小标题Keep active.可知该段说明如何保持积极活跃的办法，结合空前的many other ways可知F项“关键是找到使你有动力和感兴趣的东西”符合。4G该段介绍和他人保持联系，参与社会活动，空后一句与该空所填句子应该是转折关系，结合空后一句“但是你可以以任何形式参与，甚至做志愿者活动也可以让你参与社交活动”可知，“当你搬到一个陌生的城镇或你变老了，这样做会有点困难”符合。5E该空是该段的主旨句，结合上文两段主旨句特点，可知正确选项应该是祈使句，结合该段反复出现的关键词activities可知含有关键词activities 的E项正确， 且选项中的 give life meaning与空后第二句中的关键信息gives your life meaning。