2021届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题特训13（含解析）.docx

1、阅读理解专题特训13AWhether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes,according to experts.I jump out of bed each morning,eager to start an active day.But I can hear my neighbours alarm clock ringing non-stop every morning and I dou

2、bt he gets to work on time.A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening.Hes happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight,while I go to bed early and try to sleep.Well,it might not be his fault after all.Im called “a lark(百灵鸟)” and my neighbour “an owl(猫头鹰)”.We all have inside “clocks” in th

3、e brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light.These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “larks” and “owls”.If you have a fast clock,you like to do things early,and if you have a slow clock,you like to do things late.Because we live in a 24/7 world,scien

4、tists believe its important to understand a persons “chronotype”the time of the day when they function the best.It could help us lead a healthier life.A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinks work times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our chronotypes.And he h

5、as advice for those who cant choose their working hours:“If thats not possible,we should be more careful about light exposure,” says the professor.“You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike.The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue light,like computer s

6、creens and other electronic devices.”1.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By presenting and solving problems.B.By explaining the cause-effect relationship.C.By giving examples and drawing a conclusion.D.By analyzing differences and providing advice.2.We can learn from the passage that the authors

7、 neighbour.A.almost always gets to work on timeB.has to work deep into the night every dayC.is passive during the day but energetic at nightD.is easily woken up by his alarm clock in the morning3.Things with blue light are not recommended after sunset because blue light .A.will make you nervousB.may

8、 cause sleep problemsC.will reduce your work efficiencyD.may make you sleepyB(2019全国卷,A)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph,in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe dir

9、ects.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)TheAudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dy

10、lan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public,425 Lafayette St.212-96

11、7-7555.)OntheTwentiethCenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green,about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs,for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(

12、American Airlines Theatre,227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?A.A type of art.B.A teenagers studio.C.A great teacher.D.A group of animals.2.Who is the director of TheAudience?A.Helen Mirren.B.Peter Morgan.C.Dylan Baker.D.Stephen Daldry.3.Which play will you

13、go to if you are interested in American history?A.AnimalsOutofPaper.B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton.D.OntheTwentiethCentury.C(2018全国卷,B)GoodMorningBritains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delic

14、ious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In SaveMoney:GoodFood,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the GoodMorningBritain presenter says shes been able to

15、put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are

16、 flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,follows in the footsteps of ITVs SaveMoney:GoodHealth,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range

17、of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of

18、celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys c

19、ooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce

20、a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for LessDWe know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bellsbut what about the less famous inventors?What

21、about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)?Shouldnt we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so.In fact,McLean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic.In addition to learnin

22、g “who” invented “what”,however,McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean,“When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”H

23、er students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention,” said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major,“I would never have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into so

24、mething so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper?Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sig

25、hts,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama,Anderson sta

26、rted drafting out solutions.One of her ideas,a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgans traffic light.Its equally i

27、mpossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are.A.beneficial,because their inventors ar

28、e famousB.beneficial,though their inventors are less famousC.not useful,because their inventors are less famousD.not useful,though their inventors are famous2.Professor Joan McLeans course aims to .A.add colour and variety to students campus lifeB.inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC.

29、carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD.prepare students for their own inventions3.Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was .A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperC.due to his experience of being caught in a snowst

30、ormD.not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C.Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D.Should

31、nt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?E(2020全国卷)AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWe all want it.to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.1 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.2 Do not follow the people who make you feel

32、 not-good-enough.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mist

33、akes and our failures.3 You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response?“That didnt go as planned.But,I tried my best.”Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin t

34、o train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.4Now that youve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,why

35、 you dont feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.5 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are?A.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for sel

36、f-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?答案：A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析自己和邻居不同的作息情况,说明了每个人都有自己的睡眠类型:有的人晚上的工作效率高,有的人白天的工作效率高。但是,如果无法选择工作时间,那么就应在晚上尽量避免蓝色的光,因为蓝色的光可能会导致睡眠问题。1.D解析:写作手法题。作者通过分析自己与邻居不同的作息情况,提到这是由于基因的不同造成的。然后,作者对此提出建议,即不同的人应该采用不同的作息时间。故选D项。2.C解析:推

37、理判断题。根据第二段第二句“ButIcanhear.toworkontime.”和第三段可知,作者的邻居白天状态消极,晚上却精力充沛。故选C项。3.B解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知,如果我们无法选择工作时间,不得不在白天工作而在晚上休息,我们就应该更加注意光的照射,尤其是不要在晚上接触蓝色的光。由此可推知,蓝色的光可能会导致睡眠问题。故选B项。B【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了二月份有四部要演出的戏剧。1.A解析:细节理解题。由题干RajivJoseph定位到AnimalsOutofPaper部分,根据本段中的“.inwhichanorigamiartistinvit

38、esateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.”可知,这部戏剧是关于折纸艺术的。故选A项。2.D解析:细节理解题。根据TheAudience部分中的“StephenDaldrydirects.”可知,StephenDaldry是TheAudience的导演。3.C解析:细节理解题。根据Hamilton部分中的“.inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.”可知,如果对美国历史感兴趣可以观看Hamilton。C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一档新节目,其内容为如何在资金紧张的情

39、况下做出营养可口的饭菜。1.B解析:推理判断题。根据文章的第一段,特别是其中的转折部分“.butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestroleshowingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.”可知,她最近的角色是教观众如何在资金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。由此推测,她现在开始了一个新节目,所以选B项。2.C解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“.withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,while

40、preparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.”可知,MattTebbutt在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选C项。3.C解析:推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“Theeight-partseries,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSaveMoney:GoodHealth.”,由此可知,作者写这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以C项正确。4.D解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了苏珊娜里德的新节目SaveMoney:GoodFood,再结合第一段中的“.howtopreparedelici

41、ousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.”可知,D项可概括全文的内容。A、C两项以偏概全,B项无中生有。D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们了解著名人物及其发明,如爱迪生的电灯和留声机,贝尔的电话等,但是又有多少人知道红绿灯和雨刮器的发明者呢?1.B解析:推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文可推断,作者提到交通信号灯、雨刮器等发明,是想说无数的发明对人类十分有益,虽然它们的发明者没有太大的名气。故选B项。2.D解析:细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,JohnMcLean教授开设这门课程的目的就是让学生有足够的准备去尝试自己发明东西。故选D项。3.B解析:细节理

42、解题。根据第三段的“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwipersinvention.Iwouldneverhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”可知,TommyLee发明的“不会折断的雨伞”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激励。故选B项。4.C解析:主旨大意题。纵观全文,特别是第一段指明了文章的主题,即我们应该了解雨刮器和红绿灯背后的发明者的故事。故选C项。E【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我接受的几种方法,倡导自尊自信、

43、乐观向上的人生态度。1.B解析:此处为过渡句。根据上文提到的接纳自己有时很难,联系下文的“Heresahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.”可知,此处表示“从何处开始呢?”。故B项合适。2.F解析:段前空格考查主题句。根据后面的“Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.”可知,此处表示“停止与别人比较”。故选F项。3.D解析:此处为段中承上启下的过渡句。根据开头提及的“Forgiveyourselfformistakes.”以及后面的“Youwillmakemistakes.”可知,此处表示“要记住,你只是个普通人”。故选D项。4.C解析:此处为总结句。本段讲述要认识自身的长处,将它们写进日记,将你的成就列出来。你有一份工作,你获得了学位,你今天没有赖床。最后总结:无论事情多小,都值得庆贺。故选C项。5.A解析:此处为过渡句。根据上文中的“Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudontfeelgoodenough.”可知,此处表示“又感到不安了吗?”。dontfeelgoodenough与A项中的upset同义。故选A项。